Colloquial Czech provides a step-by-step course in Czech as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Czech in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: * progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills * structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar * an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises * realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios * useful vocabulary lists throughout the text * additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Czech will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Czech. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

This study undertakes a systematic analysis of French prepositional connectors. It explains the tendency of prepositions to form connectors and provides a model of complementary semantic and pragmatic categories covering the types, functions, and usage of connectors across a variety of genres.

This is a comprehensive beginning-level Japanese textbook and language learning program. Elementary Japanese is designed for students who are just beginning their study of the Japanese language at the first-year college level or on their own. The author and contributors have created a highly structured approach to learning Japanese based on acquiring the fundamental patterns and constructions of the language as well as the Japanese writing system including the primary Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji characters. Each volume of this two-book set is designed for one semester of study. The books feature detailed grammatical explanations which make them extremely useful as references and for review purposes when traveling to Japan or preparing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Examination (JLPT). Printable PDFs and MP3 audio files are included with each volume, available for free download online, making this a great way to learn Japanese on your own while ensuring that you learn the correct pronunciation. The recordings also help you build up your listening comprehension skills. After completing this course, you will be able to: Describe yourself, your family and your friends. Talk about daily events using basic vocabulary and grammatical constructions. Understand conversations on these topics as well as classroom activities. Read Japanese articles and write short compositions and letters. Elementary Japanese Volume One covers the first semester of a college-level Japanese beginner course. It contains 14 lessons, each representing one week of instruction over multiple sessions. Each lesson consists of a dialogue, usage notes, grammar notes, exercises, new kanji and explanations, and new vocabulary. Authentic Japanese script is used throughout; the two volumes together introduce 313 Kanji. All disc content is accessible on tuttlepublishing.com/downloadable-content.

The Larousse Dictionary of Modern Spanish includes:

• Over 50,000 entries and 100,000 definitions
• Succinct yet complete definitions written in contemporary language
• Clear examples of the relationship between different parts of speech
•  Words in general usage as well as scientific and other specialized terminology
• Particular emphasis on expressions characteristic of the peoples of Latin America 

The de Gruyter dictionary of German morphology is concerned with all aspects of word formation and inflection in German. It combines the benefits of a handbook with the advantages of a dictionary a " 27 handbook-type articles and 96 short entries in alphabetical order allow rapid and direct access to the information required. In its contents, the book is distinguished by incorporating the results of research in language typology and language comparison.

Approximately fifty percent of the form and the meaning of transparent German particle verbs with an can be deduced from the minimal semantic argument structure of the verb and particle. The aim of this study is to create a format for understanding the remaining fifty percent using construction grammar analysis. The study employs frame semantics to explain the compositionality of the verb and the construction. The system is based on a flexible schema-instance relationship, where instances are the prototypes for schemata."

Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Cantonese as spoken by native speakers in Hong Kong. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in current Cantonese. This makes it the ideal reference source for all learners and users of Cantonese, irrespective of level, in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Moreover, it will provide a lasting and reliable resource for all fluent speakers of the language. The book is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Cantonese grammar. Arranged by both syntactic categories and language functions, the Grammar provides an in-depth treatment of structures and pays special attention to idiom and speech registers, including trendy language. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. A glossary, extensive index and generous use of cross-references provide readers with easy access to the information they require. Features include: * comprehensive pronunciation section * full use of examples from films, advertising and authentic conversations * Cantonese-English parallels highlighted throughout the book * all examples given in Cantonese characters as well as Yale romanization * a Companion Website with supplementary multimedia material. Stephen Matthews is Associate Professor in Linguistics at the University of Hong Kong and Virginia Yip is Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. They are Directors of the Childhood Bilingualism Research Centre and have previously co-authored: Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge, 1999) and Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge, 2000).

This textbook uses corpus analysis and empirical data to provide a comprehensive overview of spoken hexagonal French. Its eight chapters cover past research, linguistic theory, historical aspects, typology, and variations. A key focus is placed on the synchronic description of modern-day French in terms of the properties that distinguish familiar from formal language pragmatically, syntactically, semantically, and phonetically. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter."

This comprehensive course is designed for intermediate to advanced students of Arabic at upper undergraduate level. It uses authentic materials and a wide variety of techniques to develop the four basic language skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening. Each of the twenty chapters is designed around a particular topic relating to the culture, history, politics, geography or society of the Arab Middle East, to give students an insight into important aspects of the region.

This textbook provides a comprehensive and structured vocabulary for all levels of undergraduate French courses. It offers a broad coverage of the concrete and abstract vocabulary relating to the physical, cultural, social, commercial and political environment, as well as exposure to commonly encountered technical terminology. The book is divided into twenty thematic sections for easy integration into modular courses. Within each section, words and phrases have been grouped into units and broadly "graded" according to likely usefulness and difficulty. There are 750 accompanying exercises for private study and classroom use.

Studies on Learning and Teaching Chinese as a Second Language represents the current advances in the field. It showcases theoretically motivated empirical studies and diverse methods used for a better understanding of how Chinese language is acquired as a second or foreign language. This contributes to L2 acquisition research in general and L2 Chinese specifically. Furthermore, this research is useful for teachers seeking to understand their students' learning processes and adjust their pedagogical approach for more effective instruction. The book bridges the gap between research and instruction by providing pedagogical implications rooted in empirical findings.

Studies on Learning and Teaching Chinese as a Second Language represents the current advances in the field. It showcases theoretically motivated empirical studies and diverse methods used for a better understanding of how Chinese language is acquired as a second or foreign language. This contributes to L2 acquisition research in general and L2 Chinese specifically. Furthermore, this research is useful for teachers seeking to understand their students' learning processes and adjust their pedagogical approach for more effective instruction. The book bridges the gap between research and instruction by providing pedagogical implications rooted in empirical findings.

This new study reconciles cognitive metaphor theory with Critical Discourse Analysis to offer a fresh approach to the study of metaphor. In applying this framework to a substantial corpus of texts from business magazines, the author shows how metaphors of war, sports and evolutionary struggle are used to construct business as a masculinized social domain. In view of the subtle but pervasive socio-cognitive impact of these metaphors, the study raises the question of possible alternatives and the scope for change in business media discourse.

Cardinal Bessarion is renowned for having bridged the frontier that existed between the Western world of Latin and the Eastern world of Greek. As an integrative intermediary and humanistic patron of culture, he served as a witness to the epoch s diverse and momentous processes of inclusion and exclusion. The articles attempt to reconstruct the mechanisms of cultural integration and disintegration that marked the Early Modern Era."

Os sons do portugues is a practical introduction to the phonetics and pronunciation of Portuguese, with a focus on the sound patterns of Portuguese from a nontheoretical perspective. Written entirely in Portuguese, the book addresses the correspondence between sounds and spelling rules, syllabic structure and stress patterns of the language, as well as an introduction to phonetic notation, terminology, and transcription. Key features: * Easy-to-follow organization, with gradual development from introductory to advanced material to build on students' pre-existing knowledge of Portuguese pronunciation. * A range of activities, including descriptive and audio-visual exercises based on examples from cultural products of Portuguese-speaking communities. * Illustrative descriptions and audio-visual samples of the main dialects of the Lusophone world, particularly from Brazil and Portugal. * Online access to audio files that accompany the text. This is an ideal resource for non-native and heritage speakers of Portuguese at level B2-C2 of the Common European Framework for Languages, and Intermediate High-Advanced High on the ACTFL proficiency scales.

How to Teach a Foreign Language was first published in 1904.

Tests for the measurement of language abilities must be constructed according to a coherent validity framework based on the latest developments in theory and practice. This innovative book, by a world authority on language testing, deals with all key aspects of language test design and implementation. It provides a road map to effective testing based on the latest approaches to test validation. A book for all graduate students in Applied Linguistics or TESOL, and for professional language teachers.