Volapuk is a constructed language, devised in 1879 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a Roman Catholic priest who was inspired in a dream to create an international language. Schleyer adapted the vocabulary of Volapuk mostly from English, supplemented by German, French. and Latin. The grammar of Volapuk is regular and relatively simple-surprisingly easier, in fact, than it looks at first. Volapuk was the first proposed International Auxiliary Language to enjoy widespread popularity: it is estimated that in 1889, there were some 283 clubs, 25 periodicals in or about Volapuk, and 316 textbooks in 25 languages, and that somewhere between two hundred thousand and a million people had taken up study of the language. Esperanto, being similar to many European Romance languages, first appeared in 1887, and ultimately proved more popular. Today, the number of people studying Volapuk is much lower than once it was, though Internet contacts have enabled Volapuk enthusiasts to connect and communicate, and that new community has inspired the re-publication of this dictionary. This German-Volapuk Volapuk-German dictionary is the most complete modern dictionary of Volapuk currently available. It has been out of print for many years, and it is hoped that its re-publication will assist a new generation of Volapuk learners in their enjoyment of this unique language.

Introduccion a la linguistica hispanica actual: teoria y practica has been specially designed for students of Spanish with little or no linguistic background, who need to understand the key concepts and constructs of Hispanic Linguistics. The book has been carefully crafted to introduce the reader to the main areas of linguistics, both theoretical and applied. General Linguistics, Phonology and Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics, History of the Spanish Language, Language Variation, and Second Language Acquisition are concisely and accurately outlined, providing a comprehensive foundation in the field. Features include: written entirely in Spanish sequenced exercises and engaging activities which facilitate the learning of each area of linguistics; emphasis on the connections between theory and the actual use of the language throughout the book; a selection of possible research projects and guidance on further reading in each chapter, giving students the necessary tools for in-depth exploration of each of the areas presented in the book; a bilingual glossary of key linguistic terms; a comprehensive e-resource with a wealth of additional materials, including audio clips and videos of the varieties of Spanish around the world, available at www.routledge.com/products/9780415631570. Written in a clear and accessible manner, Introduccion a la linguistica hispanica actual is the ideal introduction for all undergraduate students of Hispanic Linguistics. The book will also be of interest to graduate students with no prior exposure to linguistics.

This book contains 80 bright pages which invite interactivity. Letter sounds and topic-based vocabulary are covered in each 4-page lesson. Lively games, activities and more songs are included and carefully structured with built-in revision.

This guide clearly and succinctly presents the basic tenets of teaching foreign languages specifically for Arabic teachers. Consolidating findings from second language acquisition (SLA) research and applied linguistics, it covers designing curricula, theory and methods, goals, testing, and research, and intersperses practical information with background literature in order to help teachers improve their teaching of Arabic as a foreign language (TAFL). Karin C. Ryding, a well-regarded scholar of Arabic linguistics and former president of the American Association of Teachers of Arabic, frames the discussion with SLA literature and suggests practical and effective ways of helping students learn. Ryding discusses issues at the core of Arabic teaching effectiveness and the achievement of communicative competence, such as the teaching of pronunciation, speaking, reading, listening, and writing; teaching mixed-level classes; creative classroom organization; corrective feedback; and use of activities and exercises, with plenty of examples from Arabic and tips for teachers. She also covers materials development and proficiency testing, providing study questions and recommended readings for each chapter. This guide, which can be used as a textbook, is the first of its kind aimed specifically at TAFL, and should be of interest to Arabic instructors-in-training, academics, graduate students, linguists, department chairs, language coordinators, and teacher trainers. It also serves as a resource for teachers of other less commonly taught languages (LCTLs), who struggle with similar issues.

About Castilian Spanish

• In the United States, the term "Castilian" or "Castilian Spanish" usually refers to the dialect that is the official language of Spain, where it's used in television and radio broadcasts. It is understood throughout the country, although there are marked regional differences.
• The difference between Castilian Spanish as spoken in Spain and Spanish as spoken in the Americas (now called Latin American Spanish) is due to the diminishing contact between Spain and the Americas over the centuries and to the influence of local languages in the Americas. These two main variants of Spanish are mutually intelligible; the difference between them is comparable to that between British English and American English.
• Pimsleur's "Castilian Spanish" teaches the official dialect as spoken by the majority of Spanish-speakers in Spain.
• Spanish is the official language of twenty-one countries and is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Spanish is the first language of more than 350 million people, more than any other language except Mandarin Chinese.
• Furthermore, Spanish is a common second language --- the most studied after English, and the third most commonly used on the Internet after English and Mandarin.

• Sixteen 30-minute lessons of spoken Castilian Spanish language learning "(the first sixteen Units of Pimsleur's 30-Unit Castilian Spanish Comprehensive Program). ."
• Essential grammar and vocabulary that teach you greetings, numbers, how to order food and drink, deal with currency, scheduling a meal or meeting and to give and ask for directions. Learn to speak with near-native pronunciation skills.
• No mindless repetition Converse with native speakers in natural (and useful ) conversations.
• Easy, fast, fun and effective language acquisition.
• No computer necessary Unlike expensive software programs which tie learners to a computer, Pimsleur courses are available in CD or mp3 format to meet your needs.
• "Receive an instant credit of $150 to trade up from the Conversational to the full Level 1 Comprehensive CD course."

If you'd love to learn Greek so you can study your Bible better, then this newly revised second edition of Greek for the Rest of Us is for you. Developed by renowned Greek teacher William Mounce, this revolutionary crash-course on "Greek for the rest of us" will acquaint you with the essentials of the language and deepen your understanding of God's Word. You'll gain a sound knowledge of Greek, and you'll learn how to use tools that will add muscle to your Bible studies. This book is divided into three major sections (Foundational Greek, Church Greek, and Functional Greek), each of which builds on the previous section and takes you to the next level. Depending on which levels you take, the book will teach you how to: Read and pronounce Greek words Learn the fundamentals of the Greek noun and verb system Conduct effective Greek word studies Learn the basics of Greek exegesis for biblical interpretation Decipher why translations are different Read better commentaries Be comfortable using reverse and traditional interlinears Understand the information displayed by biblical software

Written by an experienced tutor, Savoir-Faire Plus is specifically designed to meet the requirements of today's generation of language undergraduates. Focusing on the life of an Anglophone first year undergraduate studying French in the UK and sharing a house with four francophone students, this engaging textbook provides: a clear, logical structure a blend of communicative, research-based and traditional exercises a wide range of activities covering the four key linguistic skills as well as intercultural skills authentic texts (with extracts from Le Monde, L'Express, Le Nouvel Observateur and Liberation) guidance and practical tips for effective and independent learning. Each of the ten chapters consists of four topics-based sections which provide students with a wealth of diverse material allowing them to gain an in-depth knowledge of relevant topical subjects such as regional languages, sustainable development and fair trade, amongst others. Digestible grammar points are integrated throughout and a range of additional exercises are available on the Companion Website allowing students to perfect their language skills. Suitable for both self-study and class use Savoir Faire Plus is the ideal course for all advanced students of French, consolidating knowledge gained at A-Level while supporting the transition to undergraduate study. The Companion Website can be found at www.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415444750

Colloquial Swedish provides a step-by-step course in Swedish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Swedish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.This thoroughly revised new edition features: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills and an increased focus on functional language structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Swedish is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Swedish. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

For beginning learners of Vietnamese, here's everything needed to learn the language effectively! Speak, read and write Vietnamese as it's actually used in real-life contexts in Vietnam today. This book has everything you need to learn the language effectively and to quickly achieve basic proficiency. No prior knowledge of Vietnamese is necessary Learn to communicate in everyday situations Connect with the cultural context of the language Includes 8 hours of native-speaker audio recordings Elementary Vietnamese was originally developed for classroom use at Harvard University and is designed to provide a solid grounding in Vietnamese grammar, usage and pronunciation. The lessons are carefully structured to guide you through the essential sentence patterns from your first encounter with them in dialogues to more detailed explanations and exercises. Each lesson contains a helpful cultural note and commonly-used proverbs and idiomatic expressions. This revised edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments in the language and culture. It includes audio recordings by native Vietnamese speakers for all of the lessons. Innovative pronunciation drills help you to improve your pronunciation and new usage examples, exercises and photos explore the diversity, heritage and history of today's Vietnam.

The key to professional success in Brazil is understanding Brazilians. But how do you understand an unfamiliar culture? Seasoned cross-cultural trainers Orlando R. Kelm and David A. Victor use Victor's groundbreaking approach of evaluating a culture's language, environment, social organization, context, authority, nonverbal communication, and time conception to provide a framework for understanding Brazilians and show effective strategies to overcome these communication barriers. The method, referred to as the LESCANT approach makes you the expert evaluator of the culture and helps you easily navigate hurdles that can challenge business relationships. Each chapter of The Seven Keys to Communicating in Brazil employs memorable anecdotes, business cases on each topic from business professionals, and photographs to address key topics. The authors demonstrate how to evaluate the cultural differences between Brazil and North America and include examples of common communication mistakes. Engaging and accessible, the book helps North Americans master the nuances of the Brazilian language and achieve a real experience of the Brasil dos brasileiros.

Extensively field-tested and fine-tuned over many years, and designed specifically for a one-year course, JC McKeown's Classical Latin: An Introductory Course offers a thorough, fascinating, and playful grounding in Latin that combines the traditional grammatical method with the reading approach. In addition to grammar, paradigms, and readings, each chapter includes a variety of extraordinarily well-crafted exercises that reinforce the grammar and morphology while encouraging the joy of linguistic and cultural discovery.

Acting Chinese is a year-long course that, together with the companion website, integrates language learning with the acquisition of cultural knowledge, and treats culture as an integral part of human behavior and communication. Using modern day examples of Chinese discourse and behavioral culture, it trains students to perform in culturally appropriate fashion, whilst developing a systematic awareness and knowledge about Chinese philosophy, values and belief systems that will prepare them for further advanced study of Chinese language and culture. Each lesson contains simulated real-life communication scenarios that aim to provide a concrete opportunity to see how native speakers generally communicate or behave in social situations. An essential guide for intermediate to advanced level second language learners, Acting Chinese provides a unique and modern approach to the acquisition of both cultural knowledge and language proficiency.

Colloquial French: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to French as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in French in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial French is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in France. An overview of the sounds of French Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial French is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in French. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

The book consists of Elementary and Pre-intermediate courses with parallel German-English texts. The author maintains learners' motivation with funny stories about real life situations such as meeting people, studying, job searches, working etc. The ALARM method (Approved Learning Automatic Remembering Method) utilize natural human ability to remember words used in texts repeatedly and systematically. The author had to compose each sentence using only words explained in previous chapters. The second and the following chapters of the Elementary course have only 29 new words each. All audio tracks are available on lppbooks.com for free download.

Ecrire comme on aimerait lire est un ouvrage destine a des etudiants avances de francais. Il vise a etendre les connaissances en matiere de vocabulaire et de style afin de liberer l'ecriture. Il s'articule autour de quatre axes : la precision lexicale, l'amelioration des phrases, l'emploi des figures de style et la bonne comprehension des denotations et connotations. En tant que tel, il sera aussi un outil de reference pour la traduction de la L1 vers la L2. Cet ouvrage vise les etudiants de francais des niveaux DALF C1 et C2 du CECRL (Cadre Europeen Commun de Reference pour les Langues) et ceux au niveau Advanced High de l'echelle des competences de ACTFL (the American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages).