Colloquial Bulgarian: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Bulgarian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Bulgarian in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Bulgarian is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Bulgaria An overview of the sounds and alphabet of Bulgarian Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Bulgarian is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Bulgarian. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download freely in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Hindi as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Hindi in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Hindi is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points An overview of the sounds of Hindi Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Hindi is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Hindi. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Since its first publication in 1984, Japanese for Busy People has sold more than 1,000,000 copies worldwide and won acclaim for its effectiveness and ease of understanding. Suitable for both self-study and classroom use, the series enables students and business people to learn naturally spoken Japanese. Now, in this major revision, the series has been updated and redesigned to help students master the language as effectively as possible. While the same highly successful teaching methodology is retained in this 4th Edition, it has been thoroughly and fundamentally revised to bring it up to date with contemporary language usage and speech patterns, as well as to reflect the great changes in modern society and culture in the 16 years since the previous edition. New features include the following: Real-life dialogues that can be used outside the classroom; clear and concise explanations on grammar points; usage notes on expressions used frequently in daily conversation; exercises to maste

Exam board: AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC/Eduqas Level: A-level Subject: French First teaching: September 2016 First exams: Summer 2017 (AS) Summer 2018 (A-level) Make French grammar second nature with this trusted reference book containing over 300 activities - now completely revised in line with the new A-level specifications. - Supplement key resources in class or encourage independent practice at home, with clear explanations of the grammar points needed at A-level and knowledge-check exercises throughout - Prepare for assessment with longer application activities focused on developing writing skills such as translation and summary - Build confidence as exercises get increasingly more challenging to mirror students' advancement throughout the course - Check students' progress with regular grammar tests and all answers supplied online

Used today by approximately 12 million people in Haiti and by the population of the Haitian diaspora across the Caribbean, France, and the United States, Haitian Creole is an essential language to understanding Haiti's social, political, and cultural history. The language is fast becoming the favored medium for Haitian literature and media, and travelers to Haiti are likely to find books, newspapers, radio shows, and television programs produced in Haitian Creole. This dictionary provides the traveler, businessperson, or aid worker with all of the fundamental words and phrases needed to communicate practically and effectively in Haiti. Includes over 15,000 entries, including part of speech, alternate words, and phonetic pronunciation, plus an introduction to the Haitian Creole language, pronunciation, and grammatical basics, and a glossary of practical Haitian legal terms.

Packed with contemporary dialogue, engaging readings, active vocabulary, and an assortment of hands-on activities, NEUE HORIZONTE, 8e skillfully instills both communicative and grammatical competency using a diversified methodology that adapts well to a variety of teaching and learning styles. The new edition combines a vibrant new four-color design with its signature clear grammar presentations, practical vocabulary lessons, beautiful prose and poetry, and more. Immersing readers into a complete language-learning experience, its unique integrated treatment stresses a balance of communicative competence, cultural awareness, and mastery of language structures.

First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Get to grips with set texts and be fully prepared for the AS/A Level exam with the Modern Languages Oxford Literature Companions. The Companions are written by experienced lecturers, teachers and examiners and provide comprehensive coverage of characters, themes, plot, language and context with activities in German to consolidate your knowledge of the text. There are also extensive sections on exam preparation and response planning, with a bank of annotated sample answers and practice questions. This guide covers Der Besuch der alten Dame by Friedrich Durrenmatt. Modern Languages Oxford Literature Companions are also available for selected French and Spanish set texts.

The Complete Latin Course is a comprehensive introduction to Latin for students and armchair enthusiasts alike. This modern, user-friendly text offers a series of fascinating glimpses into the world of ancient Rome, and sets you up to read Virgil, Cicero, Juvenal, Tacitus and many other authors in the original Latin.

The story of Rome is told by the ancient authors themselves. Authentic texts help to guide the student through the mechanics of Latin, whilst giving insights into the history of Rome, her culture and society, her gods, her games, her power struggles and the eventual fall of empire.

Originally published as "Essential Latin," this extensively revised and expanded second edition features:

• Reading passages from Latin prose authors, including Cicero, Petronius, Pliny, Sallust, Suetonius and Tacitus, and from poets (Catullus, Horace, Juvenal, Martial, Ovid and Virgil) with guidance on reading aloud and meter.
• A detailed step-by-step approach to Latin grammar, with engaging activities and exercises.
• A companion website with a full answer key for exercises, translations, grammar reference tables for the USA, the UK, Europe and elsewhere, additional exercises, word lists and other supports: http: //www.lingua.co.uk/latin/materials/complete-latin

Ideal for classroom use or independent study, The Complete Latin Course will prove an invaluable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, adult learners and anyone interested in comprehensively developing their knowledge of Latin.

Student Book and online resources written for the 2011 Language B syllabus. This bundle includes a print textbook and an online eBook access card. Key features: Fully tailored to the 2011 Francais B syllabus, including all core themes and a broad spread of options. Clearly differentiated content for both Standard and Higher Level students. Integrated with free online learning resources at www.pearsonbacconline.com to support and extend study. Supported by a Teacher's Guide containing teaching guidance and schemes of work, as well as comprehensive answers to all exercises in the student book.

Mundos en palabras offers advanced students of Spanish a challenging yet practical course in translation from English into Spanish. The course provides students with a well-structured, step-by-step guide to Spanish translation which will enhance and refine their language skills while introducing them to some of the key concepts and debates in translation theory and practice. Each chapter presents a rich variety of practical tasks, supported by concise, focused discussion of key points relating to a particular translation issue or text type. Shorter targeted activities are combined with lengthier translation practice. Throughout the book, learners will find a wealth of material from a range of genres and text types, including literary, expository, persuasive and audiovisual texts. An answer key to activities, as well as supplementary material and Teachers' Notes are provided in the companion website. The book covers common areas of difficulty including: frequent grammatical errors calques and loan words denotation and connotation idioms linguistic varieties cultural references style and register Suitable both for classroom use and self-study, Mundos en palabras is ideal for advanced undergraduate students of Spanish, and for any advanced learners wishing to acquire translation competence while enhancing their linguistic skills.

Written by Habia, the Hair and Beauty Industry Authority, this write-in workbook is an invaluable resource to help learners improve their Maths and English skills and prepare for Level 1 and Level 2 Functional Skills exams. The workbook format enables learners to practice and improve their maths and English skills and the real-life questions, exercises and scenarios are all written with a beauty therapy context to help students find essential Maths and English theory understandable, engaging and achievable. This workbook is an invaluable resource to support Maths and English learning in the classroom, at work and for personal study at home.

Traditionally, reading and writing are believed to be separate but related language processes and teachers follow the conventional wisdom of teaching in-depth reading, with writing as a tag-on issue. Therefore, there exists an increasingly urgent call for a well-rounded reading-writing curriculum and a theoretically-informed, empirically-based, student-centered advanced textbook that aims to develop the synergy between reading and writing. Reading to Write: A Textbook of Advanced Chinese is intended to fill this significant gap. It treats reading and writing as integrative parts and interactive skills in Chinese language teaching, putting them hand-in-hand, supplementing each other.

AN ESSENTIAL GUIDE FOR TEACHERS OF JAPANESE IN NEW ZEALANDCompiled under the aegis of Japanese Studies Aotearoa New Zealand, thiscollection invites us into the reality of Japanese language teaching in NewZealand's universities and tertiary institutions today. The three parts of thevolume - Reflection and Renewal, Breaking Down the Walls, and SharingTeaching Approaches - illustrate how Japanese programmes are reshapingand reconceptualising the traditional delivery of Japanese to encourage morestudents to take up, and continue studying, this complex but rewarding subject.Savvy use of social media, institutional outreach, the construction of learningcommunities, the creation of authentic Japanese-language environments,project-based language learning and curriculum remodeling are some of thetopics discussed. Through this approach, the volume also aims to motivatestakeholders with a vested interest in New Zealand's relationship with Japan toconsider how they too might play a role in promoting Japanese studies.

From the author of the Origins of Arabic Numerals-a Natural History of Numbers, an AuthorHouse publication, and Natural Foundations of Arab Civilisation-Origins of Alphabets, Numeration, Numerals, Measurements, Weights, Litigation, and Money . . . Book of Origins Part II (in Arabic) Origin of Semitic Languages Introductory Etymological Study of the Prehistoric Ancestral Linguistic Nuclei and Monosyllables of Semitic Languages Primarily Based on Akkadian and Southern and Northern Arabic Adel S. Bishtawi The unity of what is traditionally called Semitic languages may be traced in the roots, in the inflections, and in the general features of the syntax. Almost a thousand years before the publication in 1781 of Repertorium fuer biblische und morgenlaendische Literatur, linguists studying certain features of Canaanite (Phoenician), Hebrew, Arabic, and Ethiopic ( aba i) noted the interrelationship of these languages. Other studies pointed to a prehistoric ancestral origin for these and more than sixty other languages, first named Ursemitische and later Proto-Semitic. Research involving the history of the Arabic numerals established their prehistoric origin and confirmed a linguistic link between small numbers and small words. The scope and depth of the multilayered research were expanded in an attempt to identify the origin of Semitic languages and, probably, the origin of languages. It took more than two years to realise that the pioneering linguists of Arabic were not aware of the main building blocks of the language they treated and that the smaller biconsonantals, not triconsonantals as is widely believed, were the original roots of the Semitic languages. At one time in the remotest horizon of their history, the language consisted of a very limited number biconsonantals and monosyllabic root morphemes. Words expressing the basic needs of primitive man, such as water, food, hut, stone, danger, etc., could be several thousand years older than the oldest attested Semitic language (i.e., Akkadian) or several tens of thousands. Akkadian, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Arabic are formidable communicate tools, yet their biconsonantal roots, or linguistic nuclei, were found to be surprisingly small. Four hundred and thirty roots were identified in two categories, primaries and secondaries. Most are paired in units constituting the main body in the larger linguistic clusters, tens of which were listed and discussed in the Origin of Semitic Languages. With what could be the greatest linguistic secret in history now unveiled, other important surprises may follow. With careful etymological analysis of linguistic nuclei, many of which were adapted or borrowed from animals and ancient environment, the true origin of scores of biblical names and ancient locations can be more correctly identified. Moreover, new windows can be opened on the various aspects of early societies to provide what appears to be a sufficiently clear picture of the first steps on the long road to civilisation and, probably, human consciousness.