Until now, scholars have largely ignored Apollonius of Rhodes s deep interest in secret cults, arcane rituals, paradoxa, and magic. The present study extensively explores this material with special emphasis on its function in the Argonautica. Based on this complementary methodological presentation, the book is geared to both religious historians and literary scholars."

Children s language acquisition has not been previously studied in relation to regional language variation. For the first time, this study examines the connections between language acquisition and language variation. The book s analysis of the Moselle-Franconian dialect based on data collected from children between three and ten years of age reveals both monolingual and bilingual patterns of acquisition. These findings enable the reader to understand changes in language during early phases of acquisition caused by regional language variation."

Colloquial Norwegian provides a step-by-step course in Norwegian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Norwegian in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text helpful notes about Norwegian society and culture additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Norwegian will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Norwegian. Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO available online. All audio tracks referenced within the text are free to stream or download from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio compliments the book and will help enhance learners' listening and speaking skills.

This book presents the historical lexicography of German, Dutch, and English with a focus on factors related to ideological history, professional lexicography, and cultural education. In the main part of the book, the author undertakes a professional treatment of the common types of lexicographic information, and alsogives a discussion ofsome rarely provided lexicographic information.

Ferment in the Intercultural Field: Axiology/Value/Praxis, Volume 26 of The International and Intercultural Communication Annual examines how the field of intercultural communication has encouraged new techniques in the area of research. Editors William J. Starosta and Guo-Ming Chen, along with a diverse group of distinguished contributors, recall the 1983 topical issue of The Journal of Communication that reported a critical turn and a shift of paradigms in communication research.

Offering a postmodern critique of some of the more common approaches to research, this volume treats the researcher as an instrument and welcomes multiple voices in research, invites critique and self-reflection, rethinks rhetoric, categorizes research assumptions, and considers the researched a partner in a research conversation. Ferment in the Intercultural Field critiques western perspectives and looks for applications that will improve intercultural frictions and misunderstandings. The volume also includes analyses that speak to "ferment" in terms of axiology, values, and praxis.

Recommended for scholars and researchers in the area of intercultural communication, Ferment in the Intercultural Field is also a vital resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate communication students.

William J. Starosta, Ph.D., teaches coursework in intercultural communication, qualitative research, and rhetoric at Howard University. He has held elective office in two professional societies and is founding editor of the Howard Journal of Communications. He presently conducts research in inter-ethnic conflict, intercultural rhetoric, and intercultural communication theory.

Guo-Ming Chen, Ph.D., is Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Rhode Island. He was the recipient of the 1987 Outstanding Dissertation Award presented by the SCA International and Intercultural Communication Division. His primary research interests are in intercultural/organizational communication, including the areas of global communication, communication competence, conflict management, and cultural values and language.

Die sprach- und kulturgeschichtliche Studie untersucht das Konzept des Hochdeutschen im Sprachnormierungsdiskurs des 18. Jahrhunderts und damit ein zentrales Thema der deutschen Sprachgeschichte. Das Corpus umfasst grammatikographische, lexikographische, sprachhistorische, varietatenbezogene, rhetorische und sprachkritische Texte. Methodisch verknupft die Arbeit text- und diskurslinguistische sowie lexikologische Ansatze. Berucksichtigt werden sowohl wortbezogene als auch tiefenstrukturelle Groessen wie Argumentationsmuster und diskurssemantische Grundfiguren. Die Semantik zentraler Schlusselwoerter wie Obersachsisch, Niederdeutsch, Oberdeutsch, Poebel, Volk, verstandlich und klar wird in Wortartikeln in konzentrierter Form dargestellt. In den Bereichen Sprachgeographie, Sprachsoziologie, Sprachideologie sowie Stilistik wird gezeigt, wie Strategien der Stigmatisierung bzw. Aufwertung einzelner Varietaten funktionieren, wobei sowohl dominante als auch eher marginale Akteure in den verschiedenen Sprachregionen berucksichtigt werden. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Einzeluntersuchungen wird insbesondere die Verbindung zwischen dem Hochdeutschen und nationalen Identitatskonstruktionen deutlich.

'Arabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr (Part One) offers a ground-breaking introduction to Arabic as it is written and spoken by native speakers. It combines a progressive and rigorous grounding in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the register employed for reading, writing and formal speaking, with an innovative integration of the dominant Egyptian variety. Introducing the two simultaneously and seamlessly building on their shared features, 'Arabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr (Part One) uses each in its proper context: Egyptian dialect for conversations and MSA for reading and writing activities. In this way, the course efficiently prepares students for the practical realities of learning and living Arabic today. Features include: Expanded grammar explanations and activation drills, including discussions about colloquial and formal similarities and differences A series of authentic video-clips recorded in Egypt to help learners revise the vocabulary and structures then learn unit by unit Extensive classroom activities and homework exercises that provide constant review to reinforce learning Arabic-English and English-Arabic glossaries, reference charts, and a grammar index Songs with simple lyrics tied to the themes of the course to help advance vocabulary acquisition and understanding of basic grammatical structures A companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/weatherspoon) that features fully integrated interactive, self-correcting exercises, audio and video materials, and additional online course management and grading options for teachers A user-friendly and vibrant text design with full colour, richly illustrated throughout with over two hundred illustrations and photos A teachers manual with an Arabic introduction for the teacher, which lays out the structure of the student course book, its methodology and directions and suggestions for its use. Written by experienced teachers of Arabic and experts in Arabic teaching pedagogy, 'Arabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr (Part One) is an essential resource for students beginning to learn Arabic.

"Germany is the land of foreign word dictionaries," Peter von Polenz wrote in 1967, commenting on the German tendency to use borrowed expressions. This investigation considers the foreign word dictionary in its entirety from 1800 2007. It addresses not only the structural and lexicographic diversity of this dictionary type, but also discusses relevant historical factors."

The study proceeds from the category of numerus in European article-languages, correlating it to a classification of noun meanings into 'contoured' and 'diffuse'. With a view to integrating those usages that deviate from this correlation, the author develops the category of 'noun aspect'. The origins of aspectual modes of meaning are viewed in relation to processes of grammaticalization. The historical precursors of these categories and processes are compared.

* Offers insights and practical steps to address two of the biggest problems educators of LCTL face: garnering and maintaining interest in the language, and providing opportunities to practice with native speakers of the target language. * Describes several strategies and teaching-learning techniques that have been tried and tested over the last two and offer a blueprint for how to raise the success rate of students of minor foreign languages as well as grow a LCTL program. * Brings together in one place the most effective teaching methods and strategies to create a thriving and lasting language programme.

Written Chinese can call upon about 40,000 characters, many of which originated some 6,000 years ago as little pictures of everyday objects used by the ancients to communicate with one another. To convey more abstract ideas or concepts, the Chinese stylized and combined their pictographs. For instance, the character for GCmanGC GCoa straight back above two strong legsGCobecomes, with the addition of a head and shoulders and arms held sternly akimbo, the character for GCofficial.GC This book, modeled after a classic compilation of the Chinese language done in the 18th century, introduces readers to the 214 root pictographs or symbols upon which this writing system, whose rich complexities hold a wealth of cultural meaning, is based. These key characters, called radicals, are all delightfully presented in this volume, with their graphic development traced stage-by-stage to the present representation, where even now (in many of them) one can easily make out what was originally picturedGCowith the authorGCOs guidance. Centuries ago, when the Japanese took up writing, they also adopted these symbols, though they gave them different names in their own spoken language. Each of the 214 classic radicals is charmingly explored by the author, both for its etymology and for what it reveals about Chinese history and culture. Chinese characters are marvels of graphic design, and this book even shows the proper way to write each radical, stroke by stroke. Finally, there are also samples of each radical combined with other radicals and character elements to demonstrate how new characters are formedGCosome 8,000 have been added to the language since the eighteenth century. With all its expertly executed calligraphic illustrations and fascinating commentary, this book serves as an excellent introduction to Chinese writing and its milieu.

This volume first of all assembles 1470 advertisements from German and Swiss newspapers serving as potential source material for further linguistic, journalistic or historical studies. The study of them presented here draws on an action-oriented text variety model as an instrument for their analysis. Typical linguistic functions and wordings are presented, combined with a discussion of the advertising strategies employed in the period and the way these a) correlate with the social value systems prevalent at the time, and b) contrast with the advertising strategies employed today.

This is the first systematic study of the syntax of a German dialect to combine the findings of modern syntactic theory with other linguistic areas (diachrony, morphology, semantics, discourse representation theory) for the purpose of analyzing syntactic phenomena. First, a theoretically crucial distinction is made between first-order and second-order natural languages, assigning dialects to the first of these classes and arguing that this makes them the most appropriate objects of linguistic study. Four chapters are then devoted to central features of Bavarian syntax with a view to gaining insight into the functional system of a natural language. The results thus obtained confirm the necessity of such an undertaking.

In this book, Holmberg and Platzack present a theory of the role which subject-verb agreement and case morphology play in syntax. Their theory is based mainly on a detailed comparison of syntactical inflectional properties in the various Scandinavian languages, although many other languages are discussed as well. The theoretical issues discussed include abstract vs. morphological case, functional heads, verb-second, null subjects and other empty categories, pronouns and clitics, various impersonal constructions, long distance reflexives, and the double object construction. Probably the most detailed and comprehensive study to date of the interplay of case, subject-verb agreement, and other grammatical properties in the syntax of related languages, this book offers important insights for professional linguists and students with an interest in generative grammar, typology/comparative grammar, or Scandinavian and Germanic languages.

"Y escribiras muy claramente en las piedras todas las palabras de esta ley."

(Debarim - Deuteronomio 27:8)

La presente obra tiene por objetivo aclarar el texto biblico a traves de la tradicion oral del pueblo de Israel, de modo de facilitar la comprension y divulgacion de la palabra de Dios a toda la humanidad permitiendo el acceso al texto original (entregado en hebreo) y a una traduccion fiel de este. Para lograr este proposito, la estructura del texto cuenta con las siguientes caracteristicas:

1.- Fidelidad de la traduccion al texto original. Para lograr una mejor traduccion, usamos el texto hebreo original y la tradicion oral del pueblo de Israel.

2.- Transliteracion de los nombres y lugares biblicos Hemos cambiado las versiones espanolizadas de los terminos biblicos. De modo de permitir la correcta pronunciacion1 de estos agregamos simbolos especiales y acentos para indicar sonidos que no tienen representacion en espanol.

3.- Texto hebreo con puntuacion, cantilacion y fonetica La presente edicion contiene el texto hebreo original vocalizado y con cantilacion y bajo este se encuentra la fonetica. Para lograr una mayor comprension se ha dispuesto el texto hebreo frente al texto espanol.

4.- Anexos Estos permiten la profundizacion de distintas tematicas.

5.- Comentarios Los comentarios estan basados en la tradicion oral del pueblo de Israel, la cual fue recibida por Mosheh (Moises) en el monte Sinai y traspasada hasta nuestros dias. Estos se encuentran bajo el texto en espanol, aclarando la comprension de los versiculos senalados y explicando la etimologia de los terminos, es decir el origen de ellos en su raiz proveniente de la lengua hebrea.

This new edition of Colloquial Arabic of the Gulf has been revised and updated to make learning this variety of Arabic easier and more enjoyable than ever before. Specially written by an expert for self-study and classroom use, the course offers you a step-by-step approach to spoken Arabic of the Gulf, together with an introduction to reading signs, business cards, advertisements and other realia. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Each unit presents numerous grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary summaries throughout. Features new to this edition include: a 'Cultural Point' section in each unit on important aspects of Gulf culture, society and history, with photographs and realia a 'Reading Arabic' section in each unit, plus a special appendix on the Arabic script comprehensive glossaries, both English-Arabic and Arabic-English, containing all the words in the book extra notes on the dialects of Oman. By the end of this rewarding course you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Arabic in a broad range of situations. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills. .

This study draws on the theory and methodology of interactional linguistics to examine the effects of multilingualism on the syntax and prosody of young Germans of Turkish extraction in everyday conversation. The study concludes that prosodic categories such as rhythm and intonation are influential substrate elements. Yet the influence of Turkish is not one of mere transfer. New, rule-based forms have arisen that serve as resources for specific tasks in conversation.

This quantitative sociolinguistic study examines the complex linguistic and social factors governing variation and change in the position of an auxiliary and a non-finite verb form in dependent clauses in works from 16th-century Nuremberg. It traces developments through adolescence and early adulthood and examines the usage of parents, siblings and others in the family network as well as written models (instructional works, printed books, and business and administrative language).