Citizenship implies exclusion of non-members. Migrations, processes and policies of first admission and incorporation of ethnically and culturally diverse newcomers are among the most hotly contested political issues, especially in a world of gross inequalities. This comparative and interdisciplinary collection sees distinguished moral and political philosophers, historians, sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists from America, Australia and Europe criticize existing institutions and increasingly restrictive policies and look for alternatives more in line with principles and constitutions of liberal democratic welfare states.

The notion that intelligence is somehow related to race is a notoriously tenacious issue in America. Anthropologist Alexander Alland provides the most comprehensive overview of the recent history of research on race and IQ, offering critiques of the biological determinism of Carlton Coon, Arthur Jensen, Cyril Burt, Robert Ardrey, Konrad Lorenz, William Shockley, Michael Levin, and others. This reasoned, authoritative history also explains the basis of evolutionary genetics for the general reader, concluding that biologically, “race” cannot explain human variation. Written in a lively, conversational style, Alland imparts real, substantive scientific arguments, cuts through the ideological posturing and jargon that so often characterizes discussions about race, and shows us a more nuanced and scientifically valid way to understand the diversity that is the human condition.

Ever since Darwin, the world has been struggling with the mystery of human diversity. As the historian Peter Bowler has written, an evolutionary interpretation of the history of life on the earth must inevitably extend itself to include the origins of the human race. But this has proved to be a difficult and controversial task. Understanding human origins means accounting not only for the obvious differences between people and cultures around the world, but also for the unity of "Homo sapiens" as a single biological species. As Stephen Jay Gould has said, flexibility is the hallmark of human evolution. Because so much of who we are is learned rather than genetically predetermined, a satisfactory understanding of human evolution--to use old parlance--must account both for the human body and the human soul.

At any single moment of time, it is always possible to find instances where people seem to live in their own world, speak in their own distinctive ways, and have their own exclusive cultural traits and practices. Over the course of time, however, it is not so easy to find places where these dimensions of our diversity stay together. The essays in this collection show why we must stop thinking that race, language, and culture go together, and why we should be wary of the commonsense beliefs that human races exist and that people who speak different languages come from fundamentally different biological lineages.

Each family has its secrets, ones that shape family communication and relationships in a way generally unknown to the outsider and often the family itself. Autoethnographers, students of these relationships, confront many silences in their attempts to understand these social worlds. It is often the accidental slip, the spontaneous discussion, the offhanded comment that opens this terrain of secrets to the conscientious storyteller. Accidental Ethnography delves into this shadowy world of pain and loss in the hopes of finding productive, ethical avenues for transforming the secret lives of families into powerful narratives of hope. It merges autoethnographic method with the therapeutic power of storytelling to heal family wounds. Poulos's lyrical text will appeal to those in ethnography, interpersonal communication, and family relationships alike.

The Arakmbut are an indigenous people who live in the Madre de Dios region of the southeastern Peruvian rain forest. Since their first encounters with missionaries in the 1950s,they have shown resilience and a determination to affirm their identity in the face of many difficulties. During the last fifteen years, Arakmbut survival has been under threat from a goldrush that has attracted hundreds of colonists onto their territories. This trilogy of books traces the ways in which the Arakmbut overcome the dangers that surround them: their mythology and cultural strength; their social flexibility; and their capacity to incorporate non-indigenous concepts and activities into their defence strategies. Each area is punctuated by the constant presence of the invisible spirit, which provides a seamless theme connecting the books to each other. The death of a shaman in 1980 had an enormous spiritual and political consequences for one of the Arakmbut communities, resulting in a shift in its social organization from comparative hierarchy to a more egalitarian system. The author uses this case as an illustration to challenge the idea that indigenous peoples live in fossilized, static worlds. He shows that political activities in conjunction with shamanic communication with the spirit world provide the impetus and context for change. Buy all three volumes for 20% discount

This annual is designed to publish research that increases understanding and knowledge of political sociology. The articles are directed towards explaining the numerous interrelations that exist within and between social and political phenomena.

Written by one of the most eminent scholars in the field, Ethnographies of Reason is a unique book in terms of the studies it presents, the perspective it develops and the research techniques it illustrates. Using concrete case study materials throughout, Eric Livingston offers a fundamentally different, ethnographic approach to the study of skill and reasoning. At the same time, he addresses a much neglected topic in the literature, illustrating practical techniques of ethnomethodological research and showing how such studies are actually conducted. The book is a major contribution to ethnomethodology, to social science methodology and to the study of skill and reasoning more generally.

This book explores ethnographic studies of diagnostic work in diverse settings. Switching attention from product ('diagnosis') to process ('diagnosing'), it reveals the importance of collaborative, socio-material, technologically augmented practices, exploring the potential of the multi-disciplinary studies presented to inform innovation.

Uses an integrative approach, examining the personal, social, and cognitive dimensions of science practice. Features engaging Case Studies across sciences and time periods for reflection and discussion Largely written by students for students, with description of each author's personal connection to the scientist examined and discussion questions following each case study. Invites discussion of questions such as "What is a scientist?" "What is science?" "What does it mean to do science, and when is one doing it?" Offers scholarly commentary on the value of case studies for psychology of science (and psychology more broadly) Includes a chapter of commentary from an authority on case study method and the philosophical foundations of psychology.

This book systematically analyses state responses towards Maoism in India and studies the role of state policies in prolonging conflict. It looks at how the structural maladies that once gave rise to conflict have now found a place in the government responses meant to address it. The book studies the socio-political conditions of Adivasis and lower caste groups that make up large sections of the cadre and highlights the exclusionary nature of the Indian political landscape. It discusses various themes such as state legitimacy, the political landscape through exclusion, the agency of Maoist foot soldiers, limitations of government welfare responses, and the idea of the marginalised in India. Rich in empirical data, the book will be useful for scholars and researchers of development studies, political studies, political sociology, minority studies, exclusion studies, sociology and social anthropology. It will also be of interest to policy-makers.

Though power is commonly seen as a special feature of exceptional personalities, van Ginkel argues that power is actually a given feature of all humans, animals, and plants. Each has different power, of a special kind and a special degree. All plant, animal, and human power is sparked and specified by a fusion of varieties of the same four general elements: "Faculty, Object, Effect, and Limit." Unlike animal power, human power rises and falls irregularly, both in history and in individual life. Van Ginkel's straight, logical analysis asserts that a human individual is at any given moment either a dependent impulse-driven agent whose pursuits cause his given power to fall or an independent design-driven agent whose operations cause his given power to rise. The difference between the two is sometimes slight, sometimes dramatic. In the near future all human power may be reduced to zero by such man-made perils as environment devastation, self-dementing addictions, or mass-destructive weapons, unless eductional and governmental power expand on an unprecedented scale. Human power is unlimited as long as it expands within a philosophically or theologically defined limit.

Cameroon is characterized by an extraordinary geographical, cultural, and linguistic diversity. This collection of essays by eminent historians and anthropologists summarizes three generations of research in Cameroon that began with the collaboration of Phyllis Kaberry and E. M. Chilver soon after the Second World War and continues to this day. The idea for this book arose from a concern to recognize the continuing influence of E. M. Chilver on a wide variety of social, historical, political and economic studies. The result is a volume with a broad historical scope yet one that also focuses on major contemporary theoretical issues such as the meaning and construction of ethnic identities and the anthropological study of historical processes. For more information on this title and related publications, go to http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Chilver/index.html

The construction of masculinity is becoming a field of growing interest because it is opening up new and fascinating perspectives, thus adding a further dimension to Gender Studies. However, so far the analysis has focused mostly on homosexuality. By contrast, the author examines social processes and relations that constitute hegemonic masculinity, the central model that attempts to subordinate alternative masculinities, and which is the model of male domination, compulsory monogamy, heterosexuality and reproduction. It is fascinating to follow the author as he gradually unfolds this kind of masculinity in its nearly pure state. Moreover, he involves the reader in his critical reflections on the material and invites him or her to give some thought to such wider questions as whether the hegemonic male is more resistant to change in oral cultures than in urban settings, or up to which point the agents of domination are also its victims. In fact, the author concludes that the hegemonic male is an ideal model practically unattainable by any single man, which exerts over all men a strong controlling power and often forces on them ritualization of everyday behavior that leads to an impoverishment of their lives.

The use of food to negotiate status is found in all human societies. Here, for the first time, a single book brings together contributions from different disciplines to investigate, from ethological and anthropological perspectives, behavior that appears to have biological roots such as the tendency to seek status through the medium of food. It explores the limits that our biological heritage places on cultural expressions of such behavior, as well as the multiplicity of ways in which biologically based tendencies can be transformed by culture. Finally, it addresses the impact of status-seeking on nutritional programs in developing countries.

..". a ground-breaking and well-researched study, a lucid documentation of the impact of Turkish migration to Germany, bringing together materials from a range of disciplines, including history, sociology, religious studies, and literature. The array of knowledge assembled in this volume is made accessible for the first time to an English speaking audience ... provides detailed background and varied accounts of historical and socio-political changes in a rapidly changing German society struggling with it its self-perception and frictions arising from the coexistence of Turks and Germans ... provides a well-founded academic analysis of data, trends, and traditions, yet still leaves room for the personal experiences and perspectives of Turks establishing their own identity and political voice in German society ... a great source for graduate German course investigating migrant culture and literature in contemporary German society." German Studies Review

..". offers and should be commended for an informative review of migrant literature in Germany, substantive statistics on the condition of migration to Germany, and a suggestive exchange with a migrant author in person-a rarity in the literature." H-Net Reviews (H-SAE)

..". an instructive introduction into the history of Turkish migration." Journal of Area Studies

For many decades Germany has had a sizeable Turkish minority that lives in an uneasy co-existence with the Germans around them and as such has attracted considerable interest abroad where it tends to be seen as a measure of German tolerance. However, little is known about the actual situation of the Turks. This volume provides valuable information, presented in a most original manner in that it combines literary and cultural studies with social and political analysis. It focuses on the Turkish-born writer Emine Sevgi Ozdamar, who writes in German and whose work, especially her highly acclaimed novel Das ist eine Karawanserei, is examined critically and situated in the context of German "migrant literature."

David Horrocks is Lecturer in German at the University of Keele, concentrating on twentieth-century German literature with special emphasis on the reflection in literary works of social issues and historical problems.

Eva Kolinsky is Professor of Modern German Studies at the University of Keele with a special interest in contemporary German society and politics.

In this book, Luis Roniger offers a comprehensive and systematic discussion of the influence of clientelism and clientelistic relationships in social and political life in Mexico and Brazil. The author describes, analyzes, and compares clientelistic arrangements not only in terms of economic development and social differentiation, but also as a strategy of interaction and control over economic and political markets shaped both by structural factors and cultural patterns. Contrary to some theorists who argue that clientelism disappears following industrialization and modernization, Roniger sees clientelistic networks as both a distinct institutional pattern and a major model of structuring social exchange. Thus, he argues that it may be more reasonable to expect changes in the forms of Mexican and Brazilian clientelism, rather than its demise following economic development and political transformation.

Roniger begins with a general discussion of clientelism and trust, exploring the variety of clientelistic bonds, the conditions which lead to the emergence of clientelism, and the dynamics of Latin American clientelism. Following a chapter on the institutional contexts of Mexico and Brazil, the author presents an extended analysis of clientelism in the two countries. In each case, Roniger presents a historical overview, discusses the dominant characteristics of clientelism in that country, and examines clientelism in the rural, urban, labor, and political sectors. Subsequent chapters compare and contrast Mexican and Brazilian variants of clientelism. In the final chapter, Roniger places the Latin American data within its broader cultural context, comparing Mexican and Brazilian clientelism with hierarchical arrangements in Japan, Thailand, and India. He concludes that although political and social change in Mexico and Brazil has led to major transformations in clientelistic patterns, clientelism has been retained as an important element of social exchange in these societies. Sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, Latin American specialists, and students of development will find Roniger's work and incisive portrait of Mexican and Brazilian institutional development and social realities.

The most dramatic change in American society in the last forty years has been the explosive growth of personal rights. This "Rights Revolution" is currently under attack by both mainstream conservatives and intellectual liberals as undermining traditional values of community. In replying to the critics, Samuel Walker details the history of the rise of rights in American society, from the birth of the civil rights movement to today, and provides a spirited defense of its success in actually enlarging and enriching our sense of community in the USA.

"This atlas covers a variety of social issues in a clear and concise format by presenting for each topic a map, explanatory text, and, in some cases, additional charts as illustrations. . . . Highly recommended."

"--Choice"

Alice C. Andrews and James W. Fonseca, whose Atlas of American Higher Education was hailed for its unique approach to statistical information and whose research for this new Atlas has been prominently featured in the Wall Street Journal and the Boston Globe, here provide a geographic window onto the most pressing social issues of our time.

Too often, information about America--its culture and politics, affluence and poverty, health and medical care, crime and education--is presented in the form of dry statistics that do not convey critical trends and patterns. In this unprecedented volume, two respected geographers present dozens of maps that depict, at a glance, the topography of America's social well-being. Among the many topics covered are: cultural diversity and immigration; income, poverty and unemployment; lifestyle risks including drug abuse, smoking and auto fatalities; access to medical care; medical costs; status of women, children, and senior citizens; marriage and divorce; teen pregnancy and non-marital births; school dropouts; abortion; death rates from AIDS, cancer, suicide and infant mortality; violent crime and homelessness. The Atlas of American Society maps out a comprehensive picture of an America rarely seen in such breadth.

The line between what is regarded by people as "traditional" and "modern" is constantly being altered by new configurations of power. These essays examine the ways in which such changes are both communicated and created through cultural performances in diverse ethnographic settings. Examples are drawn from a wide range of forms and expressions: divinatory sequences, spirit possession rites, state ceremonials, village feasts, pilgrimages, language-use and craft specialisms. It was Abner Cohen, to whom this volume is dedicated, who first suggested that a dialectical relationship existed between power and symbolism. This concept, as developed in his seminal work, has since become a growing area of study as reflected in this important collection. By questioning some of the directions, the authors make a major interdisciplinary contribution to the study of cultural performance as a key factor in power relationships. The principal stage is Africa, but comparative ethnographic data are drawn from Ireland, Italy, South Asia, and the United Kingdom.

Karen Orr Vered demonstrates how children's media play contributes to their acquisition of media literacy. Theorizing after-school care as intermediary space, a large-scale ethnographic study informs this theory-rich and practical discussion of children's media use beyond home and classroom.

This book is intended to make up-to-date information and opinion about Francophonie accessible to English-speaking readers, and to assess how well the international movement of French-speaking nations is placed to face the future. 'Francophonie' can be defined in three ways: as the development and distribution of the French language; as an international movement of nearly fifty countries and regions, similar to, but showing major differences from the Commonwealth; and as a set of cultural and political values which can be shared by other nations for which French is not the only or the main means of communication. Students of French, of international relations, of sociolinguistics and the sociology of language, of politics and economics, and those interested in questions of cultural and linguistic identity will find the book invaluable as a source of reference, as an assessment of the effectiveness of the Francophone approach to world problems, and as an evaluation of France's own role in Europe and Africa.

Hardbound. Studies of gender and education have been at the forefront of much ethnographic research for several decades, but the interest in sexualities and education is more recent. Indeed, to study sexualities and schooling is, almost in itself, a challenge to many common assumptions about children and what it is 'to be a child'. However, study of the nature and construction of gender and sexuality has now become a recognized and highly productive research area, and one that is highly suited to ethnographic methods. The new research presented in these chapters illustrates some of the range of recent work in the area and the power of ethnography to uncover the complex and contested processes of construction.

This book brings together analyses from across the social sciences to develop an interdisciplinary approach to understanding spiritualities and neoliberalism. It traces the lived experience of social actors as they engage with new and alternative spiritualities in neoliberal contexts. An international group of authors in anthropology, sociology, religious studies, political science, critical management studies explore the contemporary flourishing of subjectivities centred on a variety of spiritual practices and imaginaries. The book analyses the social and organisational mechanisms that underlie the generation of 'enterprising' and 'competitive' subjectivities engaged in transforming inner selves and social environments in accordance with prevailing neoliberal economic rationalities. Contributions draw on a wide range of empirical settings around the world to discuss the role of subjectivities in organizations. The purpose of the book is to provide specific insights into how neoliberalism is resisted, contested or reproduced through a transformative ethic of spiritual self-realization. Researchers, academics and Masters level students in a range of social science disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, human geography, and organization studies will find this book relevant reading. Contributors include: I. Abraham, E. Bell, L. Cortois, S. Gog, A.-R. Kaupinnen, J.D. LoRusso, D. Miller, K. Navazhylava, A. Peticca-Harris, G. Shanahan, A. Simionca, S. Taylor, K. Valaskivi, T. Vine, A. Yankellevich

From landmark court cases on affirmative action to their consequences, a study on why such preferences are morally wrong, unlawful, and indefensible.