Federalism is often described as the greatest of the American contributions to the art of government, but it has been an evolving and protean entity since its original establishment in the Constitution. Based on the contributions of international scholars, this volume explores three facets of modern federalism: the vertical tensions over the distribution of authority between national and sub-national governments; the tensions between the national government's role as the instrument of policy uniformity throughout the nation and the inclination of the states to take different approaches to similar issues in light of their own political cultures; and the changing context of federalism in the more conservative political context of recent times. In addition, a number of the essays explore the Canadian model of federalism, which helps to place the U.S. model in comparative context.

Bakken addresses important issues of constitutional history in the context of a seminal period in the history of the American West. He describes the challenges which faced the participants in eight Western constitutional conventions. His analysis answers questions of how consensus was reached and how that consensus reflected the compromise between the particular needs of the states and fundamental principles. Bakken outlines the issues of public policy which the constitution makers faced: issues ranging from resource allocation and taxation to the role of corporations in the community. He also explains how the delegates attempted to express the values of their constituencies while striving to define the concept of the public good.

The conclusions in this book challenge most traditional and conventional American political scientific thinking on the value and practicality of direct citizen participation in agenda setting, planning, and policy making. It does this not only by applying a new physically-based paradigm of political theory to the problem, but also by offering a wealth of original, empirical evidence to support its conclusion.

Basing her arguments on research in a new method of public-opinion/citizen-participation experiments, Slaton's book: (1) provides a new theoretical and practical response to those opposed to increasing direct democracy in the United States; (2) introduces a new method by which to promote and measure informed and deliberated public opinion; (3) proposes a new methodology that stimulates citizen participation toward and involvement in complex policy issues; and (4) applies analogies to the paradigms of quantum physics to new theories and techniques designed to promote citizen participation in a democracy.

This collection is concerned with revisiting and redefining the political economy - both empirical and theoretical - of 'foreign policy' in the South as we approach the twenty-first century: the position of post-colonial states and societies in the post-Bretton Woods and Cold War world. With a focus on Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America, this collection comparatively examines the impact of changing political and economic structures upon policy-makers and civil societies in the South.

Community foundations bring together the resources of individuals, families, and businesses to support effective nonprofits in their communities. Over the years, foundations have come to engage community problem-solving through more than just grant-making. They have added a rich array of other activities, including programs of community capacity building, active modes of advocacy, and centres for meeting. In 2011, the 700+ institutions in the United States gave an estimated $4.2 billion to a variety of nonprofit activities in fields that included the arts and education, health and human services, the environment, and disaster relief. The origins of this book stem from conversations among the leadership of community foundations about the challenges they must overcome in order to make such "foundational" contributions to their communities. As community foundations enter the second century of their existence (the first foundation was formed in Cleveland in 1914), the need for knowledge and best practices has never been greater. This book, with expert authors representing the best and the brightest in this important field, fills that need.

"Democracy and Northern Ireland" examines the influence of liberal theories of democracy on recent developments in the Northern Irish peace process. In so doing it analyzes the applicability of theories such as political liberalism, multiculturalism and deliberative democracy to deeply divided societies. Little contends that these models need to build upon recent critiques provided by feminists and civil society theorists in the construction of a more radical interpretation of democracy that can provide a framework for democratic politics in Northern Ireland.

This work provides readers with a fresh analysis of the Arab state by using a new theoretical framework: hybrid sovereignty. The author examines various areas to make his argument: citizenship, the issue of minorities, electoral engineering, the failure of central rule, tribalism, and the lack of impersonal bureaucratic mechanism.

This book explains the creation of the European Union's Security and Defence Policy--to this day the most ambitious project of peacetime military integration. Whether hailed as a vital step in the integration of Europe or berated as a wasteful threat to U.S. power, European citizens are increasingly interested in the common defense policy. Today, "European Defence" is more popular than the European Union itself, even in Great Britain.
Merand addresses the fundamental challenge posed by military integration to the way we think about the state in the 21st Century. Looking back over the past 50 years, he shows how statesmen, diplomats and soldiers have converged towards Brussels as a "natural" solution to their concerns but also as something worth fighting over. The actors most closely associated to the formation of nation-states are now shaping a transgovernmental security and defense arena. As a result, defense policy is being denationalized. Exploring the complex relations between the state, the military, and citizenship in today's Europe, Merand argues that European Defence is a symptom, but not a cause, of the transformation of the state.
This book is an original contribution to the theory of European integration. Drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, Merand develops a political sociology of international relations which seeks to bridge institutionalism and constructivism. His careful study of practices, social representations and power structures sheds new light on security and defence cooperation, but also on European cooperation more generally.

Party and Government is an eleven-country study of the relationship between the governments of liberal democracies, mainly from Western Europe, but also including the United States and India, and the parties which support these governments. It examines this relationship at the three levels at which governments and parties connect: appointments, policy-making, and patronage. The emphasis is on a two-way relationship: parties influence governments but governments also influence parties. The extent and the direction of this influence varies from country to country. In some cases, governments and parties are almost autonomous from each other, as in the United States; in other cases, on the contrary, there is considerable power of one over the other: sometimes the party dominates, sometimes the government.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis on the design of institutions for the new Europe. Addressing critical issues such as the appropriate distribution of political powers, the next step in the constitution process, allocation of taxing powers and distribution of policy-making responsibilities.

In the 80 years since gaining the right to vote, women have continued to make their political voices heard. This is the first comprehensive work to describe the political struggles and achievements of American women, who were historically underrepresented in a system dominated by men. Containing over 700 entries in an A-to-Z format, this single volume provides balanced coverage of the people, issues, and events that shape any discussion of women in U.S. politics.

Thirteen chapters present the debate among Sengalese academics undertaking a multi-facetted analysis of the social, political and economic development of their country, with the aim of finding innovative answers Senegal's current predicament. The major trends from 1960-1990 are identified, and factors contributing to the shift from a state intervention system to a "liberalism" which deconstructs some of the achievements of the immediate post independence period. The different discourses of politicians and the various stakes underlying these are revealed here plainly. The book also displays the complex relations between the political, economic and social areas, the conflicts/alliances between various legitimate bodies. Within this context, a reconstruction of the self-delusions on which some groups fed and still feed, is made. With this novel light shed on the specificities of the Senegalese crisis, the ways and means whereby the ruling class faces this situation can be identified, although its manouvering margin has severely shrunk.

In the late 1990s, prominent scholars of civil-military relations detected a decline in the political significance of the armed forces across Southeast Asia. A decade later, however, this trend seems to have been reversed. The Thai military launched a coup in 2006, the Philippine armed forces expanded their political privileges under the Arroyo presidency, and the Burmese junta successfully engineered pseudo-democratic elections in 2010. This book discusses the political resurgence of the military in Southeast Asia throughout the 2000s. Written by distinguished experts on military affairs, the individual chapters explore developments in Burma, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, East Timor, Indonesia and Singapore. They not only assess, but also offer explanations for the level of military involvement in politics in each country. Consequently, the book also makes a significant contribution to the comparative debate about militaries in politics. Whilst conditions obviously differ from country to country, most authors in this book conclude that the shape of civil-military relations is not predetermined by historic, economic or cultural factors, but is often the result of intra-civilian conflicts and divisive or ineffective political leadership.

Originally published between 1920-70,The History of Civilization was a landmark in early twentieth century publishing. It was published at a formative time within the social sciences, and during a period of decisive historical discovery. The aim of the general editor, C.K. Ogden, was to summarize the most up-to-date findings and theories of historians, anthropologists, archaeologists and sociologists. This reprinted material is available as a set or in the following groupings, or as individual volumes: * Prehistory and Historical Ethnography Set of 12: 0-415-15611-4: GBP800.00 * Greek Civilization Set of 7: 0-415-15612-2: GBP450.00 * Roman Civilization Set of 6: 0-415-15613-0: GBP400.00 * Eastern Civilizations Set of 10: 0-415-15614-9: GBP650.00 * Judaeo-Christian Civilization Set of 4: 0-415-15615-7: GBP250.00 * European Civilization Set of 11: 0-415-15616-5: GBP700.00

This documentary history critiques major Supreme Court decisions on litigations that Asian Americans brought before the Court over the past 150 years. In eight sections, contributing scholars all consider cases within three conceptual frameworks; (1) the commonly held belief that Asian Americans could not become members of the American community because of their race, (2) the once widely held belief that Orientals are mysterious and inferior, and (3) the assumption that all Asians in America are foreigners. The book begins with an overview by editor Kim. In section 2, Braeman treats major cases concerning the question of the government's right to exclude, expel, or deport persons of Asian ancestry. In the next section, Hull focuses on major cases on the constitutional question of U.S. citizenship for persons of Asian ancestry. Stuen then discusses cases dealing with the alien land laws of California and Washington. The Japanese internment cases are discussed by Minami and Bannai; and cases dealing with Asian Americans' legal fight to claim their rights for employment, language, and education follow. Next, Gotanda casts the problem of denying Asian Americans their constitutional rights within the analytical framework of the Asian American identity. In the final chapter Tamayo covers the latest changes in America's immigration policies, reviewing major immigration laws passed by Congress during the 20th century and discussing implications of the Immigration Act of 1990. The volume concludes with a case index, a name index, and a subject index.

How is it that the modest pace of change which typified the French economy a century ago gave way after 1945 to a new, revived capitalism and a superior economic performance? Mairi Maclean argues that the new French capitalism of the 21st century is the product of an ideological struggle in which the forces of modernization triumphed over the old guard of French nationalism.

This book provides students with the most comprehensive and incisive introduction available to the intricacies of the Italian political system. Written in an accessible and student-friendly style, this up-to-date textbook features: * an introduction to Italian political history from 1943 to the present day * an explanation of the governmental system, the constitutional framework, the core institutions, the electoral system and the key parties * analysis of the role of the contemporary pressure groups and social movements including environmental, labour and anti-globalization organizations * discussion of important topical issues such as corruption, organized crime, the role of the media and freedom of the press * an exploration of Italian foreign policy towards the EU, the US and the 'War on Terrorism' * innovative use of photographs, boxed biographies, figures, annotated further reading and lists of websites to enliven the text. Contemporary Italian Politics is the perfect introduction for students reading Italian politics, Italian studies and European studies.

The economy's struggles to overcome the lingering effects of the Great Recession presented unique but essential questions. This book considers a full range of data which considers how this recent experience has impacted households, providing a thorough and contemporary treatment of how the assets perspective has prompted changes within social policy.

In this groundbreaking study, Janusz Bugajski evaluates the impact of Sandinista political, economic, and social programs. The book focuses on the confrontations between the regime and Nicaragua's rural population, particularly the Ladino peasantry and the Indian and black indigenous minorities of the Atlantic coast region. The book concentrates on the Sandinista's agrarian strategies in order to distinguish between short-term policies and long-term programs. It addresses the question of whether any durable and novel ideological, political, and economic elements have been introduced in Nicaragua in terms of Marxist-Leninist models of state socialism--expecially vis-a-vis peasantry and the country's ethnic minorities. Upon seizing power in July 1979, the Sandinistas embarked on a socialist transformation of Nicaraguan society. This book concludes that in confronting major internal and external obstacles, the regime opted for a degree of economic flexibility without abandoning its long-term political objectives. The regime's Leninist political arrangements, claims Bugajski, were therefore combined with a quasi-Communist economic program. The Sandinistas captured and remodeled all levers of social control, including the state apparatus, the armed forces, and the security network, and fortified those mechanisms that could most effectively extend their domination. But in order to minimize economic dislocation, political opposition, and social unrest, to uphold productivity, to obtain vital agro-export revenues, and to prevent international isolation, Managua implemented a transitory mixed economy and continued to tolerate a politically weakened private sector.

2004 was a year that threw into sharp relief the principal features of the present political conjuncture, that is, one in which the Italian political transition shows few signs of coming to a conclusion. 2004 was, therefore, a year of limited change, one in which reforms were announced but not fully achieved and where the few that were achieved were noteworthy for the compromises that were necessary in order to make them possible at all. It was, too, a year in which there emerged a stalemate between the center-right and center-left coalitions which, pending the regional elections of 2005 and the general election of 2006, took almost equal shares of the vote at the elections for the European Parliament. This volume examines these elections, paying special attention to Forza Italia, the prime minister's party, and the workings of the governing alliance and gives a well-rounded overview over the year's most important developments regarding the government's approach to the European constitution, the new judicial system, and the pensions legislation - the only major reform actually completed during 2004.

Conflict and Accommodation focuses on the political behavior of the 600,000 men in the coal and steel industries, to reveal a fascinating correlation between labor-management conflict and the fortunes of American socialism. Nash presents data from election returns, newspapers, union journals, government reports, and taped interviews with retired coal miners to support the view that the alternation of conflict and accommodation, characteristic of American labor history, has broad political implications.