Eleven years ago the circular DNA of a novel single-stranded virus has been cloned and partially characterized by Nishizawa and Okamoto and their colleagues. According to the initials of the patient from whom the isolate originated, the virus was named TT virus. This name has been subsequently changed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into Torque teno virus, permitting the further use of the abbreviation TTV. Although initially suspected to play a role in non A E hepatitis, subsequent studies failed to support this notion.

Within a remarkably short period of time it became clear that TT viruses are widely spread globally, infect a large proportion of all human populations studied thus far and represent an extremely heterogeneous group of viruses, now labelled as Anelloviruses. TT virus-like infections have also been noted in various animal species. The classification of this virus group turns out to be difficult, their DNA contains between 2200 and 3800 nucleotides, related so-called TT-mini-viruses and a substantial proportion of intragenomic recombinants further complicate attempts to combine these viruses into a unifying phylogenetic concept. "

This repackaged edition of this best-selling guide to anatomy in art that will help artists of all levels to improve their life-drawing skills. Unlock your inner artist and discover how to draw the human body in this beautifully-illustrated art book by celebrated artist and teacher, Sarah Simblet. Whether you're looking to develop a new skill this New Year, or develop your drawing skills even further, this visually-striking guide offers a fresh approach to drawing the human body. Dive straight in to discover: -Over 250 specially-commissioned photographs and drawings -Covers each part of the human body from head to toe -10 masterclasses demonstrate how famous artists have depicted the human body -Practical advice and top-tips on life drawing Combining stunning photographs of models with historical and contemporary works of art and her own dynamic life drawing, Sarah will take you on a journey inside the human body to map its skeleton, muscle groups and body systems. Bring your artwork to life in the most dynamic way possible, with detailed line drawings superimposed over photographs to reveal the links between the body's appearance and it's construction. Featuring inspirational master classes on world-famous artworks, from Michelangelo to Hans Holbein, Ingres to Degas and more, discover how artists have depicted the human body over centuries. Each master class features a photograph of a model holding the same pose as in the painting, to highlight key details of anatomy and show how the artist has interpreted them. Understanding anatomy is the foundation to understanding the human body successfully. As well as being the perfect reference, Anatomy for the Artist will inspire you to find a model, reach for your pencil and start drawing! Let DK plant the seed of curiosity and watch as it develops into a life-long love of art, anatomy and more. A must-have volume for artists of all levels who wish to tackle life drawing, or those interested in human anatomy, whether as a gift or self-purchase.

Your Body, Your Yoga goes beyond any prior yoga anatomy book available. It looks not only at the body's unique anatomical structures and what this means to everyone's individual range of motion, but also examines the physiological sources of restrictions to movement. Two volumes are provided in this book: Volume 1 raises a new mantra to be used in every yoga posture: What Stops Me? The answers presented run through a spectrum, beginning with a variety of tensile resistance to three kinds of compressive resistance. Examined is the nature of muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, bones and our extracellular matrix and their contribution to mobility. The shape of these structures also defines our individual, ultimate range of movement, which means that not every body can do every yoga posture. The reader will discover where his or her limits lie, which dictates which alignment cues will work best, and which ones should be abandoned. Volume 2 will take these principles and apply them to the lower body, examining the hip joint, the knee, ankle and foot, and will present how your unique variations in these joints will show up in your yoga practice.

Key features: * Provides a clear explanation for many of the pain generators in low back pain and illuminate this perplexing and ubiquitous problem. * Addresses a gap in the existing literature, as "non-specific" or mechanical lumbosacral spine pain accounts for by far most chronic spinal pain sufferers' complaints for clinicians dealing with spinal pain syndromes like general medical practitioners, and spinal specialists in various fields such as sports medicine. * Illustrates anatomical structures that can be injured and thus become responsible for causing mechanical lumbosacral spine pain, frequently, such injuries cannot be detected on sophisticated imaging such as MRI.

Frederic Delavier, the mastermind behind the bestselling Strength Training Anatomy phenomenon, delivers once again. More than two million readers have turned to his books to find the most effective exercises in strength training. Now, in The Strength Training Anatomy Workout III, Delavier and co-author Michael Gundhill picks up where Volume II left off. Strength Training Anatomy III is loaded with 146 of Delavier's unparalleled illustrations and 195 photos depicting proper exercise technique. These are supplemented with descriptions, explanation of muscle engagement and interactions, variations, benefits, limitations and safety considerations. You'll be able to assemble these exercises into advanced programmes for long-term strength and muscle development. Break past your training plateaus with high-tech strength training protocols like electrical stimulation, blood flow restriction and vibration and oscillation training. In the striking detail that only Frederic Delavier offers, The Strength Training Anatomy Workout III helps you cross the threshold to advanced muscle development and strength gains.

Bridging the gap between the peripheral and central nervous systems, the second edition of Neuroanatomical Basis of Clinical Neurology enriches understanding of neurological conditions through a conceptual approach to neuronal circuitry. The book retains the basic outline of contents from the first edition, integrating structural organization with pertinent clinical disorders, while reflecting the substantial growth and ever-changing information in neuroscience

After an introduction to the developmental and cellular aspects of the nervous system, the book discusses in depth the morphology and internal organization of the central nervous system. It examines the somatic and autonomic components of the peripheral nervous system, emphasizing nerve entrapments and neuropathies. The author describes various dysfunctions by demonstrating the neuronal interconnectivity between higher and lower autonomic centers and the mediation of visceral reflexes.

The Second Edition incorporates and highlights common and relevant clinical conditions. Topics include:

• Various forms of cortical dysfunctions, such as seizures, disconnection syndrome, coma, and dementia
• The role of prefrontal cortex in behavior and attention, introducing the topic of autism
• Up-to-date information on the auditory, vestibular, gustatory, and limbic systems
• The neurochemistry of the limbic system, memory and associated disorders, and the structural and neuronal circuitry of the hippocampal gyrus
• Structural organization and associated pathways of the extrapyramidal system, demonstrating the neurochemical basis of movement disorders

This new edition skillfully integrates over a decade of discovery in neuroscience since the publication of the first edition, and introduces deepened insights into the neuronal synaptic connectivity and the mechanisms that underlie neurologic disorders. The book remains an essential source of information for medical and allied health students, practitioners of neurology, and students of neuroscience.

In Skeleton Keys: An Introduction to Human Skeletal Morphology, Development, and Analysis, Second Edition, Jeffrey H. Schwartz presents a detailed yet highly accessible introduction to the study of the human skeleton. This unique volume examines the skeleton from its developmental basis to the expression of individual variation. It reviews a variety of different approaches used to determine an individual's sex, age, and pathological history and challenges readers to think critically about how to analyze a human skeleton rather than learning formulas for quick results. An ideal text for courses in human osteology, skeletal analysis, and bioarchaeology, this book is also a helpful reference for professionals.
Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition of Skeleton Keys features:
* A unique CD-ROM containing hundreds of color images of skeletons and skeletal elements--demonstrating morphology, pathology, and nonmetric variation--that can be used as classroom projections or for individual study
* Coverage of the most recent developments in the field, including the molecular regulation of bone and tooth formation
* Expanded studies in each area of analysis: sex, age, nonmetric variation, pathology, biodistance and bioarchaeology, and stable isotope analysis
* Additional photographic images, especially in the pathology and sexing chapters
* Two separate and extensively illustrated chapters on the skull, one dealing with articulated elements and one with isolated bones (these topics were covered in one chapter in the first edition)
* Integration of material--such as anthropometric landmarks--from appendices in the previous edition into relevant chapters astables
* More accessible language throughout and an extensive glossary

This manual contains extensive discussions on clinical topics and disorders and helps students apply the concepts of anatomy and physiology to their daily life and is especially valuable for students who are planning careers in the health professions.

Packed with vivid illustrations and a wealth of hands-on applications, best-selling FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 4E is written specifically for learners in a one-semester introductory A&P course in the allied health field who have little or no previous knowledge of anatomy and physiology. Known for its clear approach to teaching, the text is widely praised for its ability to break A&P down into very simple, easy to understand language. Content is organized according to body systems, and focuses on the body working together to promote homeostasis. Improving both the quality and quantity of text illustrations, the Fourth Edition's new art program brings text concepts to life with new figures throughout. Designed specifically for the needs of health care programs, the all-new Learning Lab's interactive simulation program helps learners maximize their success.

This unique, comprehensive book provides rich visual guidance on all aspects of neuroanatomy, as only artwork by master medical illustrator Frank H. Netter, MD can. Concise tables highlight important aspects of each structure, equipping you with the essential knowledge you need to master this complex discipline. This "updated" first edition includes an eBook with the print. The ExpertConsult eBook includes test-yourself images, and notes and highlighting capabilities. All other content is the same as the 2007 1st edition. See every nuance of nervous system anatomy with hundreds of unparalleled Netter diagrams. Better understand the functional importance and clinical significance of each anatomical structure, thanks to clear tabular summaries. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience includes test-yourself images, multiple choice questions, notes and highlighting capabilities, all viewable online at expertconsult.com or through the Inkling app.

Ultrastructure Atlas of Human Tissues presents a variety of scanning and transmission electron microscope images of the major systems of the human body. Photography with the electron microscope records views of the intricate substructures and microdesigns of objects and tissues, and reveals details within them inaccessible to the naked eye or light microscope. Many of these views have significance in understanding normal structure and function, as well as disease processes. This book offers a unique and comprehensive look at the structure and function of tissues at the subcellular and molecular level, an important perspective in understanding and combating diseases. Presents the major systems of the human body through scanning and transmission electron microscope images Has images prepared almost exclusively from human tissues Includes electron micrographs of common pathologies such as fibrotic and emphysemic lung, kidney stones, sickle cell anemia, and skin parasites Contains sets of 3D images in most chapters

Get the review and practice you need to master essential medical assisting skills! Corresponding to the chapters in Kinn's Medical Assisting Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, this study guide offers a wide range of exercises to reinforce your understanding of administrative and clinical competencies. Review questions test your proficiency with subjects such as anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, math basics, and key administrative and clinical concepts. Hands-on activities and competency checklists help you apply your knowledge to patient care. The 2nd edition adds coverage of expanded skills approved in many states. It's all the review and practice you need to succeed in the classroom and begin preparing for a successful and rewarding career as a Medical Assistant. Easy-to-understand writing style is appropriate for all levels of learners in all types of Medical Assisting programs. Emphasis on foundational content includes in-depth coverage of anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, basic math calculations, and job readiness to build a strong base of knowledge. Illustrated, step-by-step procedure boxes demonstrate how to perform and document key administrative and clinical skills. Content supports Medical Assisting certification test plans to help you prepare for board examinations. Real-world scenario in each chapter presents a situation for you to follow as you read through the material, helping you understand and apply key concepts as they are presented. Learning features include key terms and definitions, Being Professional boxes, study tips, critical thinking exercises, and review and summary sections, all focusing on developing the soft skills that employers seek when hiring. Chapter learning tools include terms with definitions, study tips, critical thinking boxes, and review and summary sections. Medical Terminology boxes highlight chapter-related medical terms to help you learn word parts, pronunciation, and definitions. Evolve website includes skills videos, chapter quizzes, five practice certification exams, and a portfolio builder. NEW chapters on intravenous procedures and limited-scope radiography provide coverage of expanded Medical Assisting functions approved in many states. NEW! Expanded content addresses behavioral health, catheterization procedures, disease states, medical office organization, expanding MA roles, and more.

For courses in anatomy & physiology for health professions. An engaging journey through the human form Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey is a hands-?on, visually rich study companion guiding allied health and nursing students through human body systems and clinical applications. With a conversational tone, relatable analogies, and light humor, the authors provide an enjoyable read reinforcing lasting connections. The 4th edition presents the latest research and clinical applications in abnormal human A&P, plus new visual aids and practice opportunities. A student workbook, available separately, offers interactive exam prep resources, including concept maps and crossword puzzles. Also available with MyLab Health Professions MyLab (TM) is the teaching and learning platform that empowers you to reach every student. By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, MyLab personalizes the learning experience and improves results for each student. Developed for allied health students and instructors, MyLab Health Professions supports students' mastery and application of the skills they'll need for a successful career in health care. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyLab, ask your instructor to confirm the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab, search for: 0135188865 / 9780135188866 Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey Plus MyLab Health Professions with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package, 4/e Package consists of: 0134876814 / 9780134876818 Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions: An Interactive Journey, 4/e 0134880226 / 9780134880228 MyLab Health Professions with Pearson eText -- Access Card -- for Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions, 4/e

The basal ganglia are involved in complex brain functions, from voluntary movement control to learning and reward processing, and they are implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Information from the cerebral cortex and thalamus is conveyed to basal ganglia nuclei via glutamate release, while dopamine from the midbrain is released in close proximity to glutamate. At the heart of both function and dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits is the interaction of these two neurotransmitters, dopamine and glutamate.

Elucidating the relationship between their molecular and cellular effects and behavioural significance has been challenging, but in the past 5 10 years, improved labeling, imaging, recording, and genetic manipulation approaches have yielded new information on how dopamine and glutamate interact to generate the circuit activity underpinning basal ganglia function. Dopamine Glutamate Interactions in the Basal Ganglia synthesizes this recent research from the level of receptor molecules all the way to complex behaviours and disease.

Current insights from research on individual neurons and synapses, detailed circuit analysis, and learning and action functions of the basal ganglia are presented against a historical perspective. The book also discusses compromised dopamine glutamate interaction in disorders of basal ganglia function, including Parkinson s disease, Huntington s disease, and drug addiction.

'As recent medical graduates we understand all too well the pressures faced during medical school. Lectures, tutorials, never-ending ward rounds, outpatient clinics, course work assignments and, of course, let us not forget the gruelling end-of-year exams.' Helen Butler and Neel Sharma, in the Preface This vital revision aid challenges you in all commonly tested aspects of anatomy. The sample SBAs and EMQs test your knowledge of relevant subject areas and are followed by answers as well as detailed explanations to assist comprehension. The index aids quick reference and cross-checking. Ideal as a revision aid, this examination guide promotes an understanding of complex issues and fosters effective and entertaining learning. 'This SBA and EMQ book goes well out of its way in helping you to plough through the nitty gritty of anatomy in preparation for exams.' Dr Tiago Villanueva, in the Foreword

The heart-wrenchingly honest new book about life and death from forensic pathologist and bestselling author of UNNATURAL CAUSES, Dr Richard Shepherd A TIMES AND SUNDAY TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 'Deeply insightful. Unflinching' THE TIMES 'A finely-crafted detective story' DAILY TELEGRAPH 'Enlightening, strangely uplifting' DAILY MAIL 'Fascinating' DAILY EXPRESS _________ Dr Richard Shepherd, a medical detective and Britain's top forensic pathologist, shares twenty-four of his most intriguing, enlightening and never-before-told cases. These autopsies, spanning the seven ages of human existence, uncover the secrets not only of how a person died, but also of how they lived. From old to young, murder to misadventure, and illness to accidental death, each body has something to reveal - about its owner's life story, how we age, justice, society, the certainty of death. And, above all, the wonderful marvel of life itself. _________ Praise for Dr Richard Shepherd 'Gripping, grimly fascinating, and I suspect I'll read it at least twice' Evening Standard 'A deeply mesmerising memoir of forensic pathology. Human and fascinating' Nigella Lawson 'An absolutely brilliant book. I really recommend it, I don't often say that but it's fascinating' Jeremy Vine, BBC Radio 2 'Puts the reader at his elbow as he wields the scalpel' Guardian 'Fascinating, gruesome yet engrossing' Richard and Judy, Daily Express 'Fascinating, insightful, candid, compassionate' Observer

As anyone who takes up a new sport quickly discovers, even basic athletic moves require high levels of coordination and control. Whether dribbling a basketball or hitting a backhand, limbs must be synchronized and bodies balanced, all with precise timing. But no matter how diligently we watch the pros or practice ourselves, the body's inner workings remain invisible. The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise reveals the microworld of the human body in motion, from the motor proteins that produce force, to the signaling molecules that activate muscles, to the enzymes that extract energy from nutrients. Christopher Gillen describes how biomolecules such as myosin, collagen, hemoglobin, and creatine kinase power our athletic movements. During exercise, these molecules dynamically morph into different shapes, causing muscles, tendons, blood, and other tissues to perform their vital functions. Gillen explores a wide array of topics, from how genetic testing may soon help athletes train more effectively, to how physiological differences between women and men influence nutrition. The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise tackles questions athletes routinely ask. What should we ingest before and during a race? How does a hard workout trigger changes in our muscles? Why does exercise make us feel good? Athletes need not become biologists to race in a triathlon or carve turns on a snowboard. But Gillen, who has run ten ultramarathons, points out that athletes wishing to improve their performance will profit from a deeper understanding of the body's molecular mechanisms.

Practical Radiological Anatomy is an illustrated and concise revision textbook for radiology trainees learning to interpret all modes of imaging. Features: Uses a convenient format arranged by body system Contains high-quality images demonstrating the key features of basic anatomy Supplies both conventional imaging and cross-sectional CT and MRI anatomy to aid preparation for the FRCA 2A modules Presents guidelines on how to interpret images Includes case studies in each chapter to illustrate the application of anatomy Discusses commonly encountered pitfalls Matches the current curriculum of the FRCA Part 1 and Part 2A exams The essential revision book for doctors training in radiology and preparing for the First FRCA exam, Practical Radiological Anatomy is also of great value to advanced radiology practitioners, nurse practitioners, emergency medicine doctors, and radiographers.

For the two-semester A&P laboratory course. Help manage time and improve learning inside and outside of the lab The #1 best-selling Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual helps students and instructors manage time inside and outside of the A&P lab classroom and works hand-in-hand with Mastering A&P, the leading online homework and learning program for A&P. The 13th Edition features dozens of new, full-color figures and photos in the review sheets, as well as revamped clinical application questions and critical thinking questions that reinforce the most important concepts from lab. Encourage students to prepare for lab by assigning recommended Mastering A&P activities for each lab exercise, including 18 pre-lab videos (8 are new to this edition), Building Vocabulary Coaching Activities, exercise review sheet assessment questions, art labeling activities, mobile-ready Practice Anatomy Lab (TM) 3.1 with customizable flashcards, and more. Thousands of assignment options in the Item Library are closely correlated with the print edition of the manual, making it easier than ever to create homework assignments that are aligned with your lab activities. Continuing to set the standard for the 2-semester A&P laboratory course, the lab manual complies with the illustration and presentation style of the best-selling Marieb/Hoehn Human Anatomy & Physiology text, but can accompany any A&P textbook. New customization options are available through Pearson Collections, as well as three conventional versions: Main (12th Edition), Cat (13th Edition), and Fetal Pig (13th Edition). Also available with Mastering A&P By combining trusted author content with digital tools developed to engage students and emulate the office-hour experience, Mastering personalizes learning and improves results for each student. Mastering A&P assignments support interactive features in the lab manual, including pre-lab video coaching activities, bone, muscle, and dissection videos, Dynamic Study Modules, Get Ready for A&P, plus a variety of Art Labeling Questions, Clinical Application Questions, and more. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; Mastering A&P does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with Mastering A&P, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and Mastering A&P, search for: 0134767330 / 9780134767338 Human Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, Main Version Plus MasteringA&P with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package, 12/e Package consists of: 0134763246 / 9780134763248 MasteringA&P with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manuals 0134806352 / 9780134806358 Human Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual, Main Version

Anatomy and pathology are key areas in medical training, but the amount medical students have to learn within them can seem overwhelming. This book helps students gain a firm grasp of the facts they must know before they enter their clinical years. It encompasses the core basics of the major organ systems in the body and presents them in a memorable, easy-to-read form. The book covers the background and knowledge that are clinically relevant to, and commonly encountered in, end-of-semester exams and provides a solid preparation for clinical years. It is an excellent resource for all medical students wishing to gain and retain anatomy and pathology knowledge in a time-effective manner.

Since its inception two generations ago, oculoplastic surgery has constantly evolved. What was once dogma may now be passe. Procedures that were once passe may be resurrected and utilized again. Providing simplified solutions to complex problems, Atlas of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery is a practical, problem-orientated guide to the management of common oculoplastic and orbital disorders. Based on Dr. Spoor s thirty years of practice, the book emphasizes the more common oculoplastic conditions likely to present to a busy ophthalmologist.

The text covers upper and lower eyelid surgery and repair, orbital surgery, and the prevention and treatment of potential complications. The procedures are described with surgical photos and illustrations in a casual, didactic fashion, as a senior doctor would use instructing a resident or fellow. The book is essential reading for ophthalmologists, oculoplastic surgeons, neuro-ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons."

Grays Anatomy, that classic beloved of medical students for over 100 years, is the fundamental work underlying Anatomy. But this is Grays with a difference with all the fine engravings of the original, but accompanied by fresher, more accessible text that explains in lay terms exactly how the hip bone is connected to the thigh bone, and all the other systems as well. The book contains 350 detailed engravings many of them in colour and is an invaluable guide for all students of anatomy, whether studying for medical or artistic purposes. It is also an appealing sourcebook for artists looking for inspiration from the exquisitely detailed engravings.

For surgeons, physicians, and anatomists involved in the management and study of disorders of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas, eponyms are part of everyday communication. They help to describe anatomical features, operative procedures, surgical instruments, and diseases. Unfortunately, many have become distorted or are inaccurately applied. Few of us understand their derivation or the remarkable people and controversies behind them. This book explores the origins of seventy eponyms in the field of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and anatomy. Each section is deliberately short and intended for quick reference, providing accurate information about the origin of the eponym and the figure behind it. Meticulously researched, and beautifully illustrated with more than 150 photographs, Eponyms in Surgery and Anatomy of the Liver, Bile Ducts and Pancreas is aimed at surgeons, physicians and anatomists, and is sure to enrich the reader's historical perspective of this fascinating branch of surgery and anatomy.