Molecules to Medicine with mTOR: Translating Critical Pathways into Novel Therapeutic Strategies is a one-stop reference that thoroughly covers the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR, also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous throughout the body and has a critical role in gene transcription and protein formation, stem cell development, cell survival and senescence, aging, immunity, tissue regeneration and repair, metabolism, tumorigenesis, oxidative stress, and pathways of programmed cell death that include apoptosis and autophagy. Incorporating a translational medicine approach, this important reference highlights the basic cellular biology of mTOR pathways, presents the role of mTOR during normal physiologic function and disease, and illustrates how the mechanisms of mTOR can be targeted for current and future therapeutic treatment strategies. Coverage of mTOR signaling includes the entire life cycle of cells that impacts multiple systems of the body including those of nervous, cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive, renal, and respiratory origin.

Written by leaders in the field of chemosensation, Chemosensory Transduction provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow animals to detect their chemical world. The text focuses on mammals, but also includes several chapters on chemosensory transduction mechanisms in lower vertebrates and insects. This book examines transduction mechanisms in the olfactory, taste, and somatosensory (chemesthetic) systems as well as in a variety of internal sensors that are responsible for homeostatic regulation of the body. Chapters cover such topics as social odors in mammals, vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory receptors, peptide signaling in taste and gut nutrient sensing. Includes a foreword by preeminent olfactory scientist Stuart Firestein, Chair of Columbia University's Department of Biological Sciences in New York, NY. Chemosensory Transduction describes state-of-the-art approaches and key findings related to the study of the chemical senses. Thus, it serves as the go-to reference for this subject for practicing scientists and students with backgrounds in sensory biology and/or neurobiology. The volume will also be valuable for industry researchers engaged in the design or testing of flavors, fragrances, foods and/or pharmaceuticals.

BL The first book devoted to human baroreflexes A comprehensive review of baroreflex involvement in human diseases, this book places the most recent understanding of human physiology solidly in the context of knowledge from animals. This book secures a place for human studies in the understanding of baroreflex physiology and pathophysiology and celebrates the advances made. By describing clearly the existing deficiencies in the understanding of baroreflex mechanisms, it points a way for future research in this exciting and important area of medical science. Nerve endings in the walls of the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch transduce arterial pressure changes and provide the central nervous system with a steady stream of encoded information. On the basis of this information, efferent autonomic neural activity is modulated finely, and the neurohumoral milieu of the heart and blood vessels is adjusted on a second-to-second basis. The arterial baroreflex may be the most important of the cardiovascular control mechanisms, because the baroreflex, above all other reflex mechanisms is the one whose speed is most adequate to respond rapidly to the abrupt transients of arterial pressure that occur in daily life. This book will help to fix a place for human studies in the understanding of baroreflex physiology and pathophysiology. It is intended as a celebration of the advances that have been made and, by describing clearly the existing deficiencies in the understanding of baroreflex mechanisms, it points a way for future research in this exciting and important area of medical science.

This is the second in a sesries of books dealing with the enormous clinical problem of spinal cord dysfunction. Volume I discussed assessment; this book focuses on intervention. There are three main approaches to the restoration of function after damage to the spinal cord: the prevention of seconday pathological events; the identification of impaired or absent functions in nerve cells and processes that survive the initial injury; and restoration of severed neuronal connections. This book addresses the first two of these approaches. It contains a discussion of the arguments about early decompression of the spinal cord following injury, therapy of acute spinal injury, and the effects of early treatment and local cooling on spinal cord blood flow. The management of specific problems associated with spinal cord dysfunction is addressed; these problems include cardiovascular abnormalities due to autonomic dysfunction, bladder control, pain, and sexual function. Current procedures of rehabilitation (particularly the management of chronic problems and the treatment of complications) are summarized, and ideas on motor control and learning are discussed.

Discover all there is to know about human anatomy in DK's latest concise visual guide to the human body. Fully updated to reflect the latest medical information, The Concise Human Body Book is illustrated throughout with colourful and comprehensive diagrams, photographs, scans, and 3D artworks, which take you right into the cells and fibres that are responsible for keeping your body ticking. The Concise Human Body Book provides full coverage of the body, function by function, system by system. In the opening chapter, colourful medical scans, illustrations, and easy-to-understand diagrams show you how the different parts of the body work together to produce a living whole. Eleven main body systems - including the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system - are then covered in intricate detail in the following chapters, with each section ending on common diseases and disorders that can affect that system. From bones and muscles to systems and processes, this in-depth, pocket-sized guide to the body's physical structure, chemical workings, and potential problems is the must-have reference manual for trainee medical professionals, students, or anyone interested in finding out more about how the human body works.

A great deal is now known about the cellular changes which take place in neural circuits and, over the past twenty years, the chick has proved to be an invaluable model for work on memory formation. The prior experience of the chick is controllable in a way that is impossible to match in any other vertebrate, and the pharmacology and phases of memory formation are better established. In addition, the anatomy of the chick brain is now well established, allowing valuable comparisons with animal models. This book reviews all the main aspects of work on learning and plasticity in behaviour and neural mechanisms in the chick, together with related topics such as the development of behaviour and lateralization of function. It is an authoritative reference for researchers who wish to use the chick or to draw on the relevant literature. The aim is to introduce a wider audience to the chick as an experimental model and to describe the way in which it has been used in the investigation of learning and plasticity at every level, from the behavioural to the molecular. The authors are all experts in their field, from laboratories throughout the world. The book will be useful to all researchers in the field and of interest to psychologists, neurophysiologists, and those studying animal behaviour.

In this book, experts in the field provide comprehensive descriptions of the neuroanatomy of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems. The book begins with an extensive discussion on the structural components of the neuroendocrine systems. The reader will be introduced to the anatomy and biology of the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The human hypothalamus is presented in particular detail using state-of-the-art imaging techniques. In the next section, the neuroanatomy of traditional hypothalamo-hypophyseal systems is highlighted, with chapters describing magnocellular neuroendocrine cells and discussing the respective types of hypothalamic neurons that regulate various pituitary hormones. Following this detailed structural and anatomical description of the neuroendocrine system, the book's final section focuses on the hypothalamic control of neuroendocrine functions. This includes the control of circadian rhythm, metabolism and appetite via specific peptidergic circuits. This book provides essential information on the neuroanatomy and control of neuroendocrine systems, addresses cutting-edge research questions posed by recent advances in the development of potent neuroanatomical tools, and highlights the latest technologies used in neuroendocrinology research, making it a valuable reference guide for students, trainees and established researchers alike. This is the twelfth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and to encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.

Lysosomes are key subcellular organelles that regulate the cell function. Many of the essential activities of the cell are dependent on lysosomes. Dysfunction is linked to multiple diseases - storage disorders, neurodegeneration, immunological diseases and cancer. This book discusses concepts and methods used to study lysosome ion and small molecule transport. The contents will not only attract accomplished investigators in need of a broad review and synthesis of this important subject but will also appeal to young investigators and trainees needing to acquire comprehensive knowledge and technical skills working with lysosomal ion channels and small molecule transporters. Key selling features: Summarizes the endocellular role that lysosomes play with respect to cellular waste disposal Reviews essential cellular functions of lysosomes Explores how lysosome dysfunction is the cause of many metabolic disorders Examines how lysomes are involved in storage diseases Describes various technologies and methods used in lysosome research

Tried and true - build A&P confidence every step of the way! Here's the approach that makes A&P easier to master. A student-friendly writing style, superb art program, and learning opportunities in every chapter build a firm foundation in this must-know subject to ensure success. See what students are saying online… Great book! "This is THE best Anatomy & Physiology book I've ever used. Clear and easy to understand. Some of the areas of physiology I've had problems with in the past were made clear this term with this book! I had to have it for class of course, but I'd also read it for fun. (I plan to keep the book instead of sell it)" - A. Francis Good. "This was a great text for my Anatomy and Physiology class. It was easy to understand and I got a great grade." - Alisa M. Also Available: Student Workbook for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition

This book brings together current advances in high-technology visualisation and the age-old but science-adapted practice of drawing for improved observation in medical education and surgical planning and practice. We begin this book with a chapter reviewing the history of confusion around visualisation, observation and theory, outlining the implications for medical imaging. The authors consider the shifting influence of various schools of philosophy, and the changing agency of technology over time. We then follow with chapters on the practical application of visualisation and observation, including emerging imaging techniques in anatomy for teaching, research and clinical practice - innovation in the mapping of orthopaedic fractures for optimal orthopaedic surgical guidance - placental morphology and morphometry as a prerequisite for future pathological investigations - visualising the dural venous sinuses using volume tracing. Two chapters explore the use and benefit of drawing in medical education and surgical planning. It is worth noting that experienced surgeons and artists employ a common set of techniques as part of their work which involves both close observation and the development of fine motor skills and sensitive tool use. An in-depth look at police identikit construction from memory by eyewitnesses to crimes, outlines how an individual's memory of a suspect's facial features are rendered visible as a composite image. This book offers anatomy educators and clinicians an overview of the history and philosophy of medical observation and imaging, as well as an overview of contemporary imaging technologies for anatomy education and clinical practice. In addition, we offer anatomy educators and clinicians a detailed overview of drawing practices for the improvement of anatomical observation and surgical planning. Forensic psychologists and law enforcement personnel will not only benefit from a chapter dedicated to the construction of facial composites, but also from chapters on drawing and observation.

This book forms part of the set, Comparative Anatomy and Posture of Animal and Human, and focuses on the skulls of Quaternary mammals and of Man since the acquisition of upright posture. Although the vast majority of the quadruped fossil species have a balanced postural adaptation, with no asymmetries or maxillo-mandibular dysmorphoses, the Hominine species that has acquired this readjustment of the body as well as a bipedal adaptation to the ground, will experience a series of postural imbalances starting with malocclusion in the genus Homo. In order to arrive at this conclusion, the cranio-facial architectural biodynamics of several species of fossil and current mammals have been analyzed over three decades. In addition, hundreds of skulls of anatomically modern Hominids have been examined, highlighting their occlusal offsets, variations, anomalies and pathologies.

Jubilee edition of the classic text first published in 1963 Anaesthetists require a particularly specialized knowledge of anatomy The anaesthetist must know intimately the respiratory passages, the major veins and the peripheral nerves to deliver safe and effective pain control. As one of the great teachers of anatomy, Professor Harold Ellis is eminently qualified to elegantly provide the anatomical detail required of anaesthetists. Modern approaches to practice, including the use of imaging to guide anaesthetic practice, add further depth to the fine full-colour anatomical illustrations. Designed for anaesthetists, Anatomy for Anaesthetists covers: The Respiratory Pathway, Lungs, Thoracic Wall and Diaphragm The Heart and Great Veins of the Neck The Peripheral Nerves The Autonomic Nervous System The Cranial Nerves The Anatomy of Pain Clinical Notes throughout provide the clinical context for the anatomical detail. Designed for trainees, but of continuing relevance to practicing anaesthetists, and now in its Golden Jubilee edition, Anatomy for Anaesthetists provides a central pillar of anaesthetic knowledge.

Offering a targeted, concise approach to clinical anatomy, Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 5th Edition, is a portable, easy-to-read text that bridges normal anatomy to common clinical conditions. It features nearly 600 superb illustrations by Drs. Frank H. Netter and Carlos Machado that provide essential descriptions of anatomy, embryology, and pathology to help you understand their clinical relevance. Authored by John Hansen, PhD, an Honored Member of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists, this visually stunning text covers and reviews the sizable area of human anatomy and pathology in a quick, easy-to-grasp format. Nearly 600 Netter and Machado illustrations provide essential depictions of anatomy, embryology, and pathology to help you quickly learn and understand through visuals. Every clinical correlation is illustrated-more than 200 in all. Clinical Focus boxes present hundreds of illustrated clinical correlations that bridge anatomy to pathophysiology, and Features and Characteristics boxes explain the relation between structure and function. Muscle/Ligament/Joint tables summarize attachment points, actions, and other key information related to each structure. Uses updated terminology based on the second edition of the international anatomic standard, Terminologia Anatomica, and content is aligned with Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, 8th Edition. Both USMLE-style review questions and short answer questions online help you gauge your mastery of the material and assess areas in need of further study. Other study tools include bonus clinical focus boxes, and 3D models. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Evolve Instructor site with an image bank of clinical correlates is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.

This is by far the most exhaustive biography on Niels Stensen, anatomist, geologist and bishop, better known as "Nicolaus Steno". We learn about the scientist's family and background in Lutheran Denmark, of his teachers at home and abroad, of his studies and travels in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Bohemia and Germany, of his many pioneering achievements in anatomy and geology, of his encounters with Swammerdam, Malpighi and with members of the newly established Royal Society of London and the Accademia del Cimento in Florence, and with the philosopher Spinoza. It further treats Stensen's religious conversion. The book includes the full set of Steno's anatomical and geological scientific papers in original language. The editors thoroughly translated the original Latin text to English, and included numerous footnotes on the background of this bibliographic and scientific treasure from the 17th century.

First published in 1992, AY's Neuroanatomy of C. elegans for Computation provides the neural circuitry database of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, both in printed form and in ASCII files on 5.25-inch diskettes (for use on IBM (R) and compatible personal computers, Macintosh (R) computers, and higher level machines). Tables of connections among neuron classes, synapses among individual neurons, gap junctions among neurons, worm cells and their embryonic origin, and synthetically derived neuromuscular connections are presented together with the references from which the data were compiled and edited. Sample data files and source codes of FORTRAN and BASIC programs are provided to illustrate the use of mathematical tools for any researcher or student interested in examining a natural neural network and discovering what makes it tick.

Spiral Bound explores the potential for yoga as a healing modality by examining the body's anatomical structure as it has evolved embryonically. With a light touch approach, Karen weaves together threads of development to see how our morphological constraints arise in the earliest moments of life and how this rotation lays the spiral groundwork for rotational kinematics that encompass all tissue. This book sets out to link theory with practice, all at a conversational level richly illustrated with full-color photographs and drawings that bring the biomotion to life for practitioners and teachers of yoga. This book for anyone seeking to simplify the parts-list pedagogy of classical anatomy with contemporary research in fascia literature for an integrated approach especially suitable to postural yoga.

Using Art Effectively with the Most Visual Approach to A&P Visual Anatomy & Physiology combines a one-of-a-kind visual approach with a modular organisation that uniquely meets the needs of today's students-without sacrificing the comprehensive coverage of A&P topics required for careers in nursing and other allied health professions. The 3rd Edition presents key new features based on recent research about how students use and digest visual information. New modules in the first chapter emphasise how to use art effectively when studying; new Integrated Figure Questions increases the likelihood that students will spend time viewing the art and prompts them to consider what they have just learned; and new SmartArt Videos, accessible via QR code in the book, help students navigate key, complex pieces of art on some of the toughest topics. Samples Download the detailed table of contents Preview sample pages from Visual Anatomy & Physiology, Global Edition

This workbook aims to help students build their confidence and consolidate their studies in anatomy and physiology. Fully updated in its sixth edition, the workbook provides full-page colouring exercises for every system of the body, designed to help the reader to test their memory and reinforce their knowledge. Students can label diagrams, answer multiple choice questions and complete a range of exercises that will leave them with a more in-depth understanding of core anatomy and physiology concepts. This is a perfect revision tool for students of nursing and allied health, paramedical science, operating department practice, complementary therapy and massage therapy, as well as trainee healthcare assistants. It is a valuable companion to the 14th edition of Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness but can also be used in conjunction with any other anatomy and physiology text. Appealing, interactive and engaging way to learn anatomy and physiology Straightforward language and user-friendly approach to help students of all levels master difficult concepts with ease Wide range of exercises suit different learning styles Bespoke website with a unique online colouring and self-test software program - The Body Spectrum (c) and other interactive activities including case studies to support and reinforce learning New layout and additional space for students to make their own notes and construct a personalised revision summary

Aimed at the medical and dental student this manual presents a regional approach to anatomy which is in contrast to the systematic approach preferred by the health care sciences such as nursing, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy. The authors attempt to comply with the specific clinical needs of the medical and dental undergraduate student by concentrating on applicable clinical anatomy. The curriculum is presented on such a level that postgraduate students, who need to maintain a thorough overview in regions other than that of their specific speciality, will also benefit.

This atlas provides all the basic and advanced information required by surgeons in order to understand fully the skull base anatomy. It is organized according to anatomo-surgical pathways to the hidden areas of the skull base. These pathways are described in step-by-step fashion with the aid of a wealth of color images and illustrations. The emphasis is on endoscopic anatomy, but in order to provide a holistic perspective, informative three-dimensional reconstructions are presented alongside the endoscopic images and radiologic images are included when appropriate. In effect, windows are opened on the anatomy so that the reader is guided on a journey throughout the skull base region. This anatomically oriented atlas will serve as an ideal learning tool for novice surgeons and will also prove an invaluable reference for the more experienced surgeon

The aim of Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System is to present the mechanical and electrical properties of human soft tissues and the mathematical models related to the evaluation of these properties in time, as well as their biomedical applications. This book also provides an overview of the bioelectric signals of soft tissues from various parts of the human body. In addition, this book presents the basic dielectric and viscoelastic characteristics of soft tissues, an introduction to the measurement and characteristics of bioelectric signals and their relationship with the mechanical activity, electromyography and the correlation of electromyograms with the muscle activity in normal and certain clinical conditions. The authors also present a case study on the effect of lymphatic filariasis on the mechanical and electrical activity of the muscle. Features: Explains the basics of electrical and mechanical properties of soft tissues in time and frequency domain along with the mathematical models of soft tissue mechanics Explores the correlation of electrical properties with the mechanical properties of biological soft tissues using computational techniques Provides a detailed introduction to electrophysiological signals along with the types, applications, properties, problems and associated mathematical models Explains the electromechanics of muscles using electromyography recordings from various muscles of the human physiological system Presents a case study on the effect of lymphatic filariasis on the mechanical and electrical activity of the muscle Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System is intended for biomedical engineers, researchers and medical scientists as well graduate and undergraduate students working on the mechanical properties of soft tissues.

The Physiological Measurement Handbook presents an extensive range of topics that encompass the subject of measurement in all departments of medicine. The handbook describes the use of instruments and techniques for practical measurements required in medicine. It covers sensors, techniques, hardware, and software as well as information on processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, and their incorporation for diagnosis. Suitable for both instrumentation designers and users, the handbook enables biomedical engineers, scientists, researchers, students, health care personnel, and those in the medical device industry to explore the different methods available for measuring a particular physiological variable. It helps readers select the most suitable method by comparing alternative methods and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the book provides equations for readers focused on discovering applications and solving diagnostic problems arising in medical fields not necessarily in their specialty. It also includes specialized information needed by readers who want to learn advanced applications of the subject, evaluative opinions, and possible areas for future study.