This book is summarizing the results of the workshop "Uniform Distribution and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods" of the RICAM Special Semester on "Applications of Algebra and Number Theory" in October 2013. The survey articles in this book focus on number theoretic point constructions, uniform distribution theory, and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. As deterministic versions of the Monte Carlo method, quasi-Monte Carlo rules enjoy increasing popularity, with many fruitful applications in mathematical practice, as for example in finance, computer graphics, and biology. The goal of this book is to give an overview of recent developments in uniform distribution theory, quasi-Monte Carlo methods, and their applications, presented by leading experts in these vivid fields of research.

Algebra, geometry and topology cover a variety of different, but intimately related research fields in modern mathematics. This book focuses on specific aspects of this interaction. The present volume contains refereed papers which were presented at the International Conference "Experimental and Theoretical Methods in Algebra, Geometry and Topology", held in Eforie Nord (near Constanta), Romania, during 20-25 June 2013. The conference was devoted to the 60th anniversary of the distinguished Romanian mathematicians Alexandru Dimca and Stefan Papadima. The selected papers consist of original research work and a survey paper. They are intended for a large audience, including researchers and graduate students interested in algebraic geometry, combinatorics, topology, hyperplane arrangements and commutative algebra. The papers are written by well-known experts from different fields of mathematics, affiliated to universities from all over the word, they cover a broad range of topics and explore the research frontiers of a wide variety of contemporary problems of modern mathematics.

Algebra and number theory have always been counted among the most beautiful and fundamental mathematical areas with deep proofs and elegant results. However, for a long time they were not considered of any substantial importance for real-life applications. This has dramatically changed with the appearance of new topics such as modern cryptography, coding theory, and wireless communication. Nowadays we find applications of algebra and number theory frequently in our daily life. We mention security and error detection for internet banking, check digit systems and the bar code, GPS and radar systems, pricing options at a stock market, and noise suppression on mobile phones as most common examples. This book collects the results of the workshops "Applications of algebraic curves" and "Applications of finite fields" of the RICAM Special Semester 2013. These workshops brought together the most prominent researchers in the area of finite fields and their applications around the world. They address old and new problems on curves and other aspects of finite fields, with emphasis on their diverse applications to many areas of pure and applied mathematics.

Hardbound. This book deals with numerical methods for solving large sparse linear systems of equations, particularly those arising from the discretization of partial differential equations. It covers both direct and iterative methods. Direct methods which are considered are variants of Gaussian elimination and fast solvers for separable partial differential equations in rectangular domains. The book reviews the classical iterative methods like Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and alternating directions algorithms. A particular emphasis is put on the conjugate gradient as well as conjugate gradient -like methods for non symmetric problems. Most efficient preconditioners used to speed up convergence are studied. A chapter is devoted to the multigrid method and the book ends with domain decomposition algorithms that are well suited for solving linear systems on parallel computers.

This work is dedicated to Wassiliy Leontief's concepts of Input-Output Analysis and to the algebraic properties of Piero Sraffa's seminal models described consequently by matrix algebra and the Perron-Frobenius Theorem. Detailed examples and visualizing graphs are presented for applications of various mathematical methods.

This monograph provides a self-contained and easy-to-read introduction to non-commutative multiple-valued logic algebras; a subject which has attracted much interest in the past few years because of its impact on information science, artificial intelligence and other subjects.
A study of the newest results in the field, the monograph includes treatment of pseudo-BCK algebras, pseudo-hoops, residuated lattices, bounded divisible residuated lattices, pseudo-MTL algebras, pseudo-BL algebras and pseudo-MV algebras. It provides a fresh perspective on new trends in logic and algebrasin thatalgebraic structures can be developed into fuzzy logics which connect quantum mechanics, mathematical logic, probability theory, algebra and soft computing.
Written in a clear, concise and direct manner, "Non-Commutative Multiple-Valued Logic Algebras" will be of interest to masters and PhD students, as well as researchers in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science."

An increasing complexity of models used to predict real-world systems leads to the need for algorithms to replace complex models with far simpler ones, while preserving the accuracy of the predictions. This two-volume handbook covers methods as well as applications. This second volume focuses on applications in engineering, biomedical engineering, computational physics and computer science.

This book presents a method for solving linear ordinary differential equations based on the factorization of the differential operator. The approach for the case of constant coefficients is elementary, and only requires a basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra. In particular, the book avoids the use of distribution theory, as well as the other more advanced approaches: Laplace transform, linear systems, the general theory of linear equations with variable coefficients and variation of parameters. The case of variable coefficients is addressed using Mammana's result for the factorization of a real linear ordinary differential operator into a product of first-order (complex) factors, as well as a recent generalization of this result to the case of complex-valued coefficients.

This is the first book devoted to lattice methods, a recently developed way of calculating multiple integrals in many variables. Multiple integrals of this kind arise in fields such as quantum physics and chemistry, statistical mechanics, Bayesian statistics and many others. Lattice methods are an effective tool when the number of integrals are large. The book begins with a review of existing methods before presenting lattice theory in a thorough, self-contained manner, with numerous illustrations and examples. Group and number theory are included, but the treatment is such that no prior knowledge is needed. Not only the theory but the practical implementation of lattice methods is covered. An algorithm is presented alongside tables not available elsewhere, which together allow the practical evaluation of multiple integrals in many variables. Most importantly, the algorithm produces an error estimate in a very efficient manner. The book also provides a fast track for readers wanting to move rapidly to using lattice methods in practical calculations. It concludes with extensive numerical tests which compare lattice methods with other methods, such as the Monte Carlo.

This volume contains the proceedings of the workshop Crossing the Walls in Enumerative Geometry, held in May 2018 at Snowbird, Utah. It features a collection of both expository and research articles about mirror symmetry, quantized singularity theory (FJRW theory), and the gauged linear sigma model. Most of the expository works are based on introductory lecture series given at the workshop and provide an approachable introduction for graduate students to some fundamental topics in mirror symmetry and singularity theory, including quasimaps, localization, the gauged linear sigma model (GLSM), virtual classes, cosection localization, $p$-fields, and Saito's primitive forms. These articles help readers bridge the gap from the standard graduate curriculum in algebraic geometry to exciting cutting-edge research in the field. The volume also contains several research articles by leading researchers, showcasing new developments in the field.

Nonlinear matrix equations arise frequently in applied science and engineering. This is the first book to provide a unified treatment of structure-preserving doubling algorithms, which have been recently studied and proven effective for notoriously challenging problems, such as fluid queue theory and vibration analysis for high-speed trains. The authors present recent developments and results for the theory of doubling algorithms for nonlinear matrix equations associated with regular matrix pencils, and highlight the use of these algorithms in achieving robust solutions for notoriously challenging problems that other methods cannot. Structure-Preserving Doubling Algorithms for Nonlinear Matrix Equations is intended for researchers and computational scientists. Graduate students may also find it of interest.

This book contains a collection of papers presented at the 2nd Tbilisi Salerno Workshop on Mathematical Modeling in March 2015. The focus is on applications of mathematics in physics, electromagnetics, biochemistry and botany, and covers such topics as multimodal logic, fractional calculus, special functions, Fourier-like solutions for PDE's, Rvachev-functions and linear dynamical systems. Special chapters focus on recent uniform analytic descriptions of natural and abstract shapes using the Gielis Formula. The book is intended for a wide audience with interest in application of mathematics to modeling in the natural sciences.

This book features survey and research papers from The Abel Symposium 2011: Algebras, quivers and representations, held in Balestrand, Norway 2011. It examines a very active research area that has had a growing influence and profound impact in many other areas of mathematics like, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, algebraic groups and combinatorics. This volume illustrates and extends such connections with algebraic geometry, cluster algebra theory, commutative algebra, dynamical systems and triangulated categories. In addition, it includes contributions on further developments in representation theory of quivers and algebras.

"Algebras, Quivers and Representations" is targeted at researchers and graduate students in algebra, representation theory and triangulate categories. "

Mathematical inequalities are essential tools in mathematics, natural science and engineering. This book gives an overview on recent advances. Some generalizations and improvements for the classical and well-known inequalities are described. They will be applied and further developed in many fields. Applications of the inequalities to entropy theory and quantum physics are also included.

This set of three volumes aims to describe the recent progress in nonlinear differential equations and nonlinear dynamical systems (both continuous and discrete). Written by experts, each chapter is self-contained and aims to clearly illustrate some of the mathematical theories of nonlinear systems. These volumes should be suitable for graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering sciences, as well as for researchers (both pure and applied) interested in nonlinear systems. The common theme throughout all the volumes is on solvable and integrable nonlinear systems of equations and methods/theories that can be applied to analyze those systems. Some applications are also discussed. Features Clearly illustrates the mathematical theories of nonlinear systems and their progress to both the non-expert and active researchers in this area. Suitable for graduate students in mathematics, applied mathematics and some of the engineering sciences. Written in a careful pedagogical manner by those experts who have been involved in the research themselves, with each contribution being reasonably self-contained.

This book provides a systematic, rigorous and self-contained treatment of positive dynamical systems. A dynamical system is positive when all relevant variables of a system are nonnegative in a natural way. This is in biology, demography or economics, where the levels of populations or prices of goods are positive. The principle also finds application in electrical engineering, physics and computer sciences. "The author has greatly expanded the field of positive systems in surprising ways." - Prof. Dr. David G. Luenberger, Stanford University(USA)

This volume presents five surveys with extensive bibliographies and six original contributions on set optimization and its applications in mathematical finance and game theory. The topics range from more conventional approaches that look for minimal/maximal elements with respect to vector orders or set relations, to the new complete-lattice approach that comprises a coherent solution concept for set optimization problems, along with existence results, duality theorems, optimality conditions, variational inequalities and theoretical foundations for algorithms. Modern approaches to scalarization methods can be found as well as a fundamental contribution to conditional analysis. The theory is tailor-made for financial applications, in particular risk evaluation and [super-]hedging for market models with transaction costs, but it also provides a refreshing new perspective on vector optimization. There is no comparable volume on the market, making the book an invaluable resource for researchers working in vector optimization and multi-criteria decision-making, mathematical finance and economics as well as [set-valued] variational analysis.

Recent years have seen a significant rise of interest in max-linear theory and techniques. Specialised international conferences and seminars or special sessions devoted to max-algebra have been organised. This book aims to provide a first detailed and self-contained account of linear-algebraic aspects of max-algebra for general (that is both irreducible and reducible) matrices.

Among the main features of the book is the presentation of the fundamental max-algebraic theory (Chapters 1-4), often scattered in research articles, reports and theses, in one place in a comprehensive and unified form. This presentation is made with all proofs and in full generality (that is for both irreducible and reducible matrices). Another feature is the presence of advanced material (Chapters 5-10), most of which has not appeared in a book before and in many cases has not been published at all.

Intended for a wide-ranging readership, this book will be useful for anyone with basic mathematical knowledge (including undergraduate students) who wish to learn fundamental max-algebraic ideas and techniques. It will also be useful for researchers working in tropical geometry or idempotent analysis.

This work deals with the matrix methods of continuous signal and image processing according to which strip-transformation is used. The authors suggest ways to solve a problem of evaluating potential noise immunity and synthesis of an optimal filter for the case of pulse noises, of applying the two-dimensional strip-transformation for storage and noise immune transmission of images. The strip-transformation of images is illustrated by examples and classes of images invariant relative to symmetrical orthogonal transformations. The monograph is intended for scientists and specialists whose activities are connected with computer signals and images processing, instrumentation and metrology. It can also be used by undergraduates, as well as by post-graduates for studying computer methods of signal and image processing.

Exact Finite-Difference Schemes is a first overview of the topic also describing the state-of-the-art in this field of numerical analysis. Construction of exact difference schemes for various parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations are discussed, including vibrations and transport problems. After this, applications are discussed, such as the discretisation of ODEs and PDEs and numerical methods for stochastic differential equations. Contents: Basic notation Preliminary results Hyperbolic equations Parabolic equations Use of exact difference schemes to construct NSFD discretizations of differential equations Exact and truncated difference schemes for boundary-value problem Exact difference schemes for stochastic differential equations Numerical blow-up time Bibliography

This work concerns the computational modelling of the dynamics of partially ionized gases, with emphasis on electrodischarge processes. Understanding gas discharges is fundamental for many processes in mechanics, manufacturing, materials science, and aerospace engineering. This second edition has been expanded to include the latest developments in the field, especially regarding the drift-diffusion model and rarefied hypersonic flow.