This book, originally published in 1995 is a study of crisis management in the electricity supply industry during the 20th century. The full implications of the vulnerability of the industry are examined, with special reference to past industrial action. The authors were well placed to know how close the industry came on more than one occasion to disaster. In the wake of privatisation challenging and controversial questions are asked, which are of fundamental importance to the economy, quality of life and political stability of the country. An account is also given of the past structure, technology and industrial relations of the industry. This volume is an excellent case-study for students of post war politics, public sector management and industrial relations.

This volume, originally published in 1984, analyzes the impact of the 1973-74 oil price increases on the Appalachian coal industry in the USA, which would otherwise have suffered large output reductions as a result of sulfur emission restrictions. Although focussed on a particular geographical region and timeframe, this book has enduring relevance as it analyzes and discusses many of the issues which are still facing the ailing coal mining industries both in the USA and globally: the advent of new energy forms, increased competition from cheaper sources, strict pollution legislation and the impact that all of these issues have on productivity and employment.

This book discusses the extent to whcih differences exist in the approach to energy management by different types of firms: large multidivisional firms at corporate headquarters level and division level and independent firms, energy intensive and non-energy intensive firms and growth and non-growth firms. Although originally published in 1984, the significance of the study is reflected by the continued timeliness and urgency of many of the issues covered such as the need for a national energy policy and the potential for improvement in industrial energy efficiency and conservation.

This book, originally published in 1978 concentrates on the structure and growth of the North Sea oil industry in Scotland. Drawing on relevant areas of economic theory, it examines the structure of the offshore Scottish oil industry, the employment generated by the industry, technological change created by oil and its impact on rural areas of the Highlands. For each subject discussed future developments are discussed which remain as pertinent today as when the book was first published, particularly given the issues surrounding Scotland's economic in relation to possible Scottish independence.

Originally published in 1985, this volume examines the determinants of transport energy consumption and discusses policies which could modify rising transport energy consumption while still providing the transport services necessary for economic development. The first part of the volume contains an overview of trends in energy consumption followed by an investigation of the relationships expressing basic determinants of transport energy. Although the focus is on developing countries there are other inudstrial and centrally planned economies which are included for reference purposes and to extend the range of policy variables studied. There are detailed case studies from India and Ecuador and the greater detail of these case studies permits the consideration of additional policy variables in the analysis of transport fuel consumption.

Originally published in 1968, this book was one of the first full-scale published studies of the principles of investment planning and of the structure of marginal costs in a public enterprise. The concepts involved were more developed and applied in the world's electricity industries than elsewhere, and this book will be of interest to both engineers and administrators who are concerned with electricity supply, by setting out the characteristics of investment planning in this sector and the implications for cost analysis.

Based on the Body of Knowledge, this book is designed to serve as a practical guide for energy professionals preparing to take AEE's Certified Energy Manager (R) (CEM (R)) examination. The reference presents an overview of the specific areas of expertise referenced in the current Body of Knowledge in a guided preparatory format, including detailed, specifically targeted reference materials. The full scope of energy calculations and problem solving strategies which must be mastered are presented, covering relevant codes and standards, energy accounting and economics, electrical, lighting and HVAC systems, motors and drives, industrial systems, building envelope, building automation and control systems, renewable energy, boiler and steam systems, thermal storage, maintenance, commissioning, alternative financing, and much more. Green Building, LEED and Energy Star programs are also addressed. The appendix provides a broad range of useful reference tables, as well as mathematical formulas specific to each specific area of energy management addressed. While aimed at those taking the ANSI-certified CEM exam, this text is also an excellent reference to be used throughout an energy manager's professional career.

This book, originally published in 1984 by a group of leading international commentators on the oil market and major corporate figures int eh market, investigates the underlying forces determining the oil market in the 1970s and 80s. It also discusses the important indicators which point to how the energy market was likely to develop with separate chapters on oil, coal and nuclear power.

Flow batteries have received attention in large-scale energy storage due to their flexible design, high safety, high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, they have been rapidly developed and tested in a variety of scales that prove their feasibility and advantages of use. As energy becomes a global focus, it is important to consider flow battery systems. This book offers a detailed introduction to the function of different kinds of redox flow batteries, including vanadium flow batteries, as well as the electrochemical processes for their development, materials and components, applications, and near future prospects. Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications will give readers a full understanding of flow batteries from fundamentals to commercial applications.

This handy pocket reference contains a wealth of information on a range of topics including the principles of passive solar building and passive house, a ten-step design and build strategy, calculating solar irradiance, factors affecting the choice of building materials, passive heating and cooling principles and techniques in different climates, the Passivhaus Standard and natural and augmented lighting and notes on technology and building occupation. The book also includes conversion factors, standards, resources and is peppered throughout with helpful illustrations, equations, explanations, and links to further online resources. Ideal for practitioners, architects, designers, consultants, planners, home builders, students and academics, and those working in development contexts, the book is intended to act as an aide memoir, a reference supplement, a resource and an overview of the field. Rich in background detail, the book also includes at-a-glance tables and diagrams, equations and key definitions.

Although effective fire sprinkler systems are crucial to public safety, for years, the designers of those systems had few published resources to reference and guide them through their design processes. The first edition of this book changed all that, and now The Design and Layout of Fire Sprinkler Systems Second Edition suits their needs even better. Written and thoroughly updated by a fire prevention engineer with more than 20 years of experience, this book provides a complete, systematic introduction to automatic fire sprinkler design and layout, from design basics, code requirements, and pipe hanging to hydraulic calculations, retrofits, and details on fire pumps. The author carefully outlines all of a designer's responsibilities and includes an entire chapter dedicated to preparing for the NICET exam. More than 150 sample diagrams, checklists, sample forms, spec sheets, photographs, and a glossary complement the text, and the larger page size of this edition permits clear presentation of diagrams and schematics. The Design and Layout of Fire Sprinkler Systems not only builds the foundation and skills of newcomers to the field, but also provides an outstanding reference for fire safety professionals, building inspectors, insurance underwriters, and municipal officials.

The development of Nigeria's oil industry is examined comprehensively in this book, originally published in 1984. It charts the changing course of her economy and examines the dramatic effect oil has had on Nigeria's domestic and international policies. Oil has enabled her to command a powerful position in African affairs and within OPEC itself, but at the same time, has held back other forms of economic development. Nigeria's future in the oil industry, as well as in related fields such as gas, is assessed both in the light of her former policies and in the changing world economy. This book will be of interest to all concerned in the oil industry, international finance or world power politics.

As global demands for energy and lower carbon emissions rise, developing systems of energy conversion and storage becomes necessary. This book explores how Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion (EESC) devices are promising advanced power systems that can directly convert chemical energy in fuel into power, and thereby aid in proposing a solution to the global energy crisis. The book focuses on high-temperature electrochemical devices that have a wide variety of existing and potential applications, including the creation of fuel cells for power generation, production of high-purity hydrogen by electrolysis, high-purity oxygen by membrane separation, and various high-temperature batteries. High-Temperature Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive view of the new technologies in high-temperature electrochemistry. Written in a clear and detailed manner, it is suitable for developers, researchers, or students of any level.

Fuel cells are clean and efficient energy conversion devices expected to be the next generation power source. During more than 17 decades of research and development, various types of fuel cells have been developed with a view to meet the different energy demands and application requirements. Scientists have devoted a great deal of time and effort to the development and commercialization of fuel cells important for our daily lives. However, abundant issues, ranging from mechanistic study to system integration, still need to be figured out before massive applications can be used. Miniaturization is one of the main bottlenecks for the advancement and further development of fuel cells. Thus, research on miniaturization of fuel cells as well as understanding the micro and nano structural effect on fuel cell performance are necessary and of great interest to solve the challenges ahead. In this book, internationally acclaimed experts illustrate how micro & nano engineering technology can be applied as a way of removing the restrictions presently faced by fuel cells both technically and theoretically. Through the twelve well designed chapters, major issues related to the miniaturization of different types of fuel cells are addressed. Theory focusing on micro and nano scale mechanics are outlined to better optimize the performance of fuel cells from laboratory scale to industrial scale. This book will be a good reference to those scientists and researchers interested in developing fuel cells through micro and nano scale engineering.

A guide to renewable energy specifically aimed at vocational and professional construction courses A Practical Guide to Renewable Energy provides the perfect introduction to one of the construction industry's leading growth areas, containing an overview of all types of renewable energy sources, as well as information relating to the installation and inspection of renewable energy systems. The practical focus in this book will give you the confidence to pass micro-generation exams, discuss the subject with clients and work on all new and emerging renewable energy systems. Designed to make learning easier, this book contains: step-by-step instructions in how to fit and test renewable energy systems clear diagrams, photos and flow charts that demonstrate core principles associated online questions and answers that enable you to test your knowledge and further your understanding of the subject. As a student or professional this textbook will provide the information needed to pass your course and is also an ideal onsite reference. Readers will be able to access a free companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/kitcher where they will find related videos, questions and answers and links to further information upon renewable energy.

Many oil production processes present a significant challenge to the oil and gas field processing facilities and equipment design. The optimization of the sequential operations of handling the oil gas mixture can be a major factor in increasing oil and gas production rates and reducing operating costs. Petroleum and Gas Field Processing provides an all-inclusive guide to surface petroleum operations and solves these and other problems encountered in the field processing of oil and gas. Fully revised and updated to reflect major changes over the past decade or so, this second edition builds on the success attained in the first edition. It delivers an expanded and updated treatment that covers the principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products. With five new chapters, this second edition covers additional subjects, in particular natural gas, economics and profitability, oil field chemicals, and piping and pumps. The book also contains worked-out examples and case studies from a variety of oil field operations.

Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes covers PEMs from fundamentals to applications, describing their structure, properties, characterization, synthesis, and use in electrochemical energy storage and solar energy conversion technologies. Featuring chapters authored by leading experts from academia and industry, this authoritative text: Discusses cutting-edge methodologies in PEM material selection and fabrication Points out important challenges in developing PEMs and recommends mitigation strategies to improve PEM performance Analyzes the current integration of PEMs with primary power devices and explores research trends for the next generation of PEMs Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes provides a systematic overview of the state of the art of PEM development, making the book a beneficial resource for researchers, students, industrial professionals, and manufacturers.

Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, Second Edition, explains the theories of biological processes, biomass materials and logistics, and conversion technologies for bioenergy products such as biogas, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and synthetic gases. The book discusses anaerobic digestion of waste materials for biogas and hydrogen production, bioethanol and biobutanol production from starch and cellulose, and biodiesel production from plant oils. It addresses thermal processes, including gasification and pyrolysis of agricultural residues and woody biomass. The text also covers pretreatment technologies, enzymatic reactions, fermentation, and microbiological metabolisms and pathways.

Biofuels such as ethanol, butanol, and biodiesel have more desirable physico-chemical properties than base petroleum fuels (diesel and gasoline), making them more suitable for use in internal combustion engines. The book begins with a comprehensive review of biofuels and their utilization processes and culminates in an analysis of biofuel quality and impact on engine performance and emissions characteristics, while discussing relevant engine types, combustion aspects and effect on greenhouse gases. It will facilitate scattered information on biofuels and its utilization has to be integrated as a single information source. The information provided in this book would help readers to update their basic knowledge in the area of "biofuels and its utilization in internal combustion engines and its impact Environment and Ecology". It will serve as a reference source for UG/PG/Ph.D. Doctoral Scholars for their projects / research works and can provide valuable information to Researchers from Academic Universities and Industries. Key Features: * Compiles exhaustive information of biofuels and their utilization in internal combustion engines. * Explains engine performance of biofuels * Studies impact of biofuels on greenhouse gases and ecology highlighting integrated bio-energy system. * Discusses fuel quality of different biofuels and their suitability for internal combustion engines. * Details effects of biofuels on combustion and emissions characteristics.

Business Models for Renewable Energy in the Built Environment provides insight to policy makers and market actors as to the ways that new and innovative business models (and/or policy measures) can stimulate the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RET) and energy efficiency (EE) measures in this field. This project was initiated and funded by the IEA Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA-RETD). It analyses ten business models in three categories, covering different types of energy service companies (ESCO's). Included: developing properties certified with agreen building label building owners profiting from rent increases after EE measures property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing on-bill financing leasing of RET equipment. Coverage extends to the organisational and financial structure of the models and the existing market and policy context, plus analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). The book concludes with recommendations for policy makers and other market actors on how to encourage and accelerate built environment renewable energy technologies.

This report arises out of the Working Group set up by The Watt Committee on Energy to examine the issues relating to domestic use and affordable warmth. With contributions from both academia and industry, and also calling on the expertise of others deeply involved in the subject, this book provides the reader with an authoritative coverage of providing affordable warmth to those living on low means or in inadequate premises.

Algae presents a viable biofuel alternative because the production of algae for fuel, unlike other agro-based biofuels, does not compete with food production. This book covers algae-based biofuel options and discusses the design and economic viability of algal bioenergy co-production concepts.

Authored by leading experts from around the world, the three-volume Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings gives scientific researchers and product engineers a resource as dynamic and flexible as the field itself. The first two volumes cover the latest research and application of the mechanical and functional properties of thin films and coatings, while the third volume explores the cutting-edge organic nanostructured devices used to produce clean energy. This third volume, Organic Nanostructured Thin Film Devices and Coatings for Clean Energy, addresses various aspects of the processing and properties of organic thin films, devices, and coatings for clean energy applications. Topics covered include: Thin-film solar cells based on the use of polycrystalline thin-film materials Anodized titania nanotube array and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells Progress and challenges associated with photovoltaic applications of silicon nanocrystalline materials Semiconductive nanocomposite films for clean environment Thin-coating technologies and applications in high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells Nanoscale organic molecular thin films for information memory applications A complete resource, this handbook provides the detailed explanations that newcomers need, as well as the latest cutting-edge research and data for experts. Covering a wide range of mechanical and functional technologies, including those used in clean energy, these books also feature figures, tables, and images that will aid research and help professionals acquire and maintain a solid grasp of this burgeoning field. The Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings is composed of this volume and two others: Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings, Functional Properties Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings, Mechanical Properties

Solar energy is available all over the world in different intensities. Theoretically, the solar energy available on the surface of the earth is enough to support the energy requirements of the entire planet. However, in reality, progress and development of solar science and technology depends to a large extent on human desires and needs. This is due to the various barriers to overcome and to deal with the economics of practical utilization of solar energy. This book introduces the rapid development and progress in the field of solar energy applications for science and technology: the advancement in the field of biological processes & chemical processes; electricity production; and mechanical operations & building operations enhanced by solar energy. The volume covers bio-hydrogen production and other biological processes related to solar energy; chemical processes for the production of hydrogen from water and other endothermic processes using solar energy; the development of thermo-electric production through solar energy; the development of solar ponds for electric energy production; and the mechanical operation with solar energy; the building operation with solar energy optimization and urban planning. This book is an invaluable resource for scientists who need the scientific and technological knowledge of the wide coverage of solar energy sciences and engineering applications. This will further encourage researchers, scientists, engineers and students to stimulate the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source.