Jayme Tiomno (1920-2011) was one of the most influential Brazilian physicists of the 20th century, interacting with many of the renowned physicists of his time, including John Wheeler and Richard Feynman, Eugene Wigner, Chen Ning Yang, David Bohm, Murray Gell-Mann, Remo Ruffini, Abdus Salam, and many others. This biography tells the sometimes romantic, often discouraging but finally optimistic story of a dedicated scientist and educator from a developing country who made important contributions to particle physics, gravitation, cosmology and field theory, and to the advancement of science and of scientific education, in many institutions in Brazil and elsewhere. Drawing on unpublished documents from archives in Brazil and the US as well as private sources, the book traces Tiomno's long life, following his role in the establishment of various research facilities and his tribulations during the Brazilian military dictatorship. It presents a story of progress and setbacks in advancing science in Brazil and beyond, and of the persistence and dedication of a talented physicist who spent his life in search of scientific truth.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part II: Rotating, Translating and Rolling (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces the tools and language of modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. It treats the fundamental problems of dynamical systems from the viewpoint of Lie group symmetry in variational principles. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, calculus and some familiarity with Hamilton's principle and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The ideas and concepts of geometric mechanics are explained in the context of explicit examples. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from Fermat's principle, working through the theory of differential forms on manifolds and transferring these ideas to the applications of reduction by symmetry to reveal Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations and momentum maps in physical applications.The many Exercises and Worked Answers in the text enable the student to grasp the essential aspects of the subject. In addition, the modern language and application of differential forms is explained in the context of geometric mechanics, so that the importance of Lie derivatives and their flows is clear. All theorems are stated and proved explicitly.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. In particular, the role of Noether's theorem about the implications of Lie group symmetries for conservation laws of dynamical systems has been emphasised throughout, with many applications.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part II: Rotating, Translating and Rolling (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces the tools and language of modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. It treats the fundamental problems of dynamical systems from the viewpoint of Lie group symmetry in variational principles. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, calculus and some familiarity with Hamilton's principle and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The ideas and concepts of geometric mechanics are explained in the context of explicit examples. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from Fermat's principle, working through the theory of differential forms on manifolds and transferring these ideas to the applications of reduction by symmetry to reveal Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations and momentum maps in physical applications.The many Exercises and Worked Answers in the text enable the student to grasp the essential aspects of the subject. In addition, the modern language and application of differential forms is explained in the context of geometric mechanics, so that the importance of Lie derivatives and their flows is clear. All theorems are stated and proved explicitly.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. In particular, the role of Noether's theorem about the implications of Lie group symmetries for conservation laws of dynamical systems has been emphasised throughout, with many applications.

In the last decade, the number of complex problems facing engineers has increased, and the technical knowledge required to address and mitigate them continues to evolve rapidly. These problems include not only the design of engineering systems with numerous components and subsystems, but also the design, redesign, and interaction of social, political, managerial, commercial, biological, medical, and other systems. These systems are likely to be dynamic and adaptive in nature. Finding creative solutions to such large-scale, unstructured problems requires activities that cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries.

Engineering Mechanics and Design Applications: Transdisciplinary Engineering Fundamentals presents basic engineering mechanics concepts in the context of the engineering design process. It provides non-mechanical engineers with the knowledge needed to understand the mechanical aspects of a project, making it easier to collaborate in transdisciplinary teams.

Combining statics, dynamics, vibrations, and strength of materials in one volume, the book offers a practical reference for engineering design. It begins with an overview of Prevention through Design (PtD), providing a broad understanding of occupational safety and health needs in the design process. It then presents condensed introductions to engineering statics, engineering dynamics, and solid mechanics as well as failure theories and dynamic loadings. Examples of real-life design analysis and applications demonstrate how transdisciplinary engineering knowledge can be applied in practice.

A concise introduction to mechanics and design, the book is suitable for nonengineering students who need to understand the fundamentals of engineering mechanics, as well as for engineering students preparing for the Fundamentals of Engineering exam. Professional engineers, researchers, and scientists in non-mechanical engineering disciplines, particularly those collaboratively working on large-scale engineering projects, will also find this a valuable resource.

Innovation through specific and rational design and functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic, rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field

* Offers a rigorous mathematical treatment of mechanics as a text or reference

* Revisits beautiful classical material, including gyroscopes, precessions, spinning tops, effects of rotation of the Earth on gravity motions, and variational principles

* Employs mathematics not only as a "unifying" language, but also to exemplify its role as a catalyst behind new concepts and discoveries

This textbook - incorporated with many illuminating examples and exercises - is aimed at graduate students of physical sciences and engineering. The purpose is to provide a background of physics and underlying mathematics for the concept of rays, filling the gap between mathematics and physics textbooks for a coherent treatment of all topics. The authors' emphasis and extremely good presentation of the theory of characteristics, which defines the rays, accentuate the beauty and versatility of this theory. To this end, the rigour of the formulation - by a pure mathematician's standards - is downplayed to highlight the physical meaning and to make the subject accessible to a wider audience. The authors describe in detail the theory of characteristics for different types of differential equations, the applications to wave propagation in different types of media, and the phenomena such as caustics.

This is one of the very few books focusing on relativistic statistical mechanics, and is written by a leading expert in this special field. It started from the notion of relativistic kinetic theory, half a century ago, exploding into relativistic statistical mechanics. This will interest specialists of various fields, especially the (classical and quantum) plasma physics. However, quantum physics - to which a major part is devoted - will be of more interest since, not only it applies to quantum plasma physics, but also to nuclear matter and to strong magnetic field, cosmology, etc. Although the domain of gauge theory is not covered in this book, the topic is not completely forgotten, in particular in the domain of plasma physics. This book is particularly readable for graduate students and a fortiori to young researchers for whom it offers methods and also appropriate schemes to deal with the current problems encountered in astrophysics, in strong magnetic, in nuclear or even in high energy physics.

Electrodynamics is a basic area of physics, encompassing also classical and quantum physics, optics, relativity and field theory, and is of universal practical importance. The present text aims at a balance between basic theory and practical applications, and includes introductions to specific quantum mechanical effects. The detailed presentation allows the reader to follow every step. Each chapter is supplemented by both worked examples and unsolved exercises. This thoroughly revised second edition with new sections on networks and diffraction, and with international units stated wherever relevant, covers all the material normally required for a first degree in physics and beyond, and may serve as a step to advanced applications and research.

Electrodynamics is a basic area of physics, encompassing also classical and quantum physics, optics, relativity and field theory, and is of universal practical importance. The present text aims at a balance between basic theory and practical applications, and includes introductions to specific quantum mechanical effects. The detailed presentation allows the reader to follow every step. Each chapter is supplemented by both worked examples and unsolved exercises. This thoroughly revised second edition with new sections on networks and diffraction, and with international units stated wherever relevant, covers all the material normally required for a first degree in physics and beyond, and may serve as a step to advanced applications and research.

This book is a compilation of the lectures for a one-semester course on gravitation at the University of Rochester. Starting from a simple description of geometry, the topics are systematically developed to the big bang theory with a simple derivation of the cosmic background temperature. Several informative examples are worked out in detail as well.

This book is a compilation of the lectures for a one-semester course on gravitation at the University of Rochester. Starting from a simple description of geometry, the topics are systematically developed to the big bang theory with a simple derivation of the cosmic background temperature. Several informative examples are worked out in detail as well.

Safety in Petroleum Industries covers pertinent safety aspects and precautions to be taken for design, operation, maintenance, inspection and project constructions for petroleum industries, with an emphasis on petroleum refineries. Relevant practical knowledge and experience contributing to safe and sustained operation of the industry has been compiled with all necessary references. Identified areas where theoretical inputs are required have also been incorporated. Learning objectives for the petroleum industries have been identified and discussed in an organized manner based on author's more than thirty-five years of experience in petroleum and chemical industries. Aimed at practicing engineers in upstream and downstream petroleum industries, this book: Covers safety tips for operation of petroleum industries Documents design codes, tools and practices including safe operating practices of different equipment and safety procedures in a single source Includes detailed safety procedures like HAZOP, Safety Audit, management safety review, and process safety management Contains dedicated chapters on Fire Fighting, and Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics Discusses first-hand experienced examples and burning issues in the petroleum industry

In this book the author gives a comprehensive picture of the physical laws that appear to regulate the functioning of the Universe from the atomic to the cosmic world. The book offers a description of the main fields of physics - classical physics, relativity, quantum mechanics and particle physics - as they are applied to the atomic world and the cosmos to describe how the whole Universe has evolved to the present state. The description concentrates on the essentials, describing our present knowledge of those physical laws and outlining our limitations in understanding the whole picture. This is done essentially without equations, except for a few important ones. The text includes a short Annex for mathematically inclined readers who wish to see how the physical principles and laws expressed in words can be visualized in the language of mathematics, but the book can be read without referring to that Annex. Also, The Universe explains in depth those laws and outlines their limitations. The author, however, does this in an accessible language that should be understandable to non-specialists. In particular, he occasionally uses two young characters placed in various situations to explain the physics involved in those situations by means of their observations. The author uses also numerous clear pictures and graphics that make the text more easily comprehensible.

In this book the author gives a comprehensive picture of the physical laws that appear to regulate the functioning of the Universe from the atomic to the cosmic world. The book offers a description of the main fields of physics - classical physics, relativity, quantum mechanics and particle physics - as they are applied to the atomic world and the cosmos to describe how the whole Universe has evolved to the present state. The description concentrates on the essentials, describing our present knowledge of those physical laws and outlining our limitations in understanding the whole picture. This is done essentially without equations, except for a few important ones. The text includes a short Annex for mathematically inclined readers who wish to see how the physical principles and laws expressed in words can be visualized in the language of mathematics, but the book can be read without referring to that Annex. Also, The Universe explains in depth those laws and outlines their limitations. The author, however, does this in an accessible language that should be understandable to non-specialists. In particular, he occasionally uses two young characters placed in various situations to explain the physics involved in those situations by means of their observations. The author uses also numerous clear pictures and graphics that make the text more easily comprehensible.

Pendulum is the simplest nonlinear system, which, however, provides the means for the description of different phenomena in Nature that occur in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, communications, economics and sociology. The chaotic behavior of pendulum is usually associated with the random force acting on a pendulum (Brownian motion). Another type of chaotic motion (deterministic chaos) occurs in nonlinear systems with only few degrees of freedom. This book presents a comprehensive description of these phenomena going on in underdamped and overdamped pendula subject to additive and multiplicative periodic and random forces. No preliminary knowledge, such as complex mathematical or numerical methods, is required from a reader other than undergraduate courses in mathematical physics. A wide group of researchers, along with students and teachers will, thus, benefit from this definitive book on nonlinear dynamics.

• How can we predict the trajectory of a baseball from bat to outfield?
• How do the dimples in a golf ball influence its flight from tee to pin?
• What forces determine the path of a soccer ball steered over a defensive wall by an elite player?

An understanding of the physical processes involved in throwing, hitting, firing and releasing sporting projectiles is essential for a full understanding of the science that underpins sport. This is the first book to comprehensively examine those processes and to explain the factors governing the trajectories of sporting projectiles once they are set in motion.

From a serve in tennis to the flight of a ?human projectile? over a high jump bar, this book explains the universal physical and mathematical principles governing movement in sport, and then shows how those principles are applied in specific sporting contexts. Divided into two sections, addressing theory and application respectively, the book explores key concepts such as:

• friction, spin, drag, impact and bounce
• computer and mathematical modelling
• variable sensitivity
• the design of sports equipment
• materials science.

Richly illustrated throughout, and containing a wealth of research data as well as worked equations and examples, this book is essential reading for all serious students of sports biomechanics, sports engineering, sports technology, sports equipment design and sports performance analysis.

In many fields of modern physics, classical mechanics plays a key role. However, the teaching of mechanics at the undergraduate level often confines the applications to old-fashioned devices such as combinations of springs and masses, pendulums, or rolling cylinders.This book provides an illustration of classical mechanics in the form of problems (at undergraduate level) inspired - for the most part - by contemporary research in physics, and resulting from the teaching and research experience of the authors. A noticeable feature of this book is that it emphasizes the experimental aspects of a large majority of problems. All problems are accompanied by detailed solutions: the calculations are clarified and their physical significance commented on in-depth. Within the solutions, the basic concepts from undergraduate lectures in classical mechanics, necessary to solve the problems, are recalled when needed. The authors systematically mention recent bibliographical references (most of them freely accessible via the Internet) allowing the reader to deepen their understanding of the subject, and thus contributing to the building of a general culture in physics.

Of the known greenhouse gases, political attention to date has primarily focused on carbon dioxide (CO2), whereby it is assumed that underground storages of crude oil and natural gas through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology could contribute significantly to global climate protection. Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy covers many aspects of CO2 sequestration and its usage, as well as of underground storage of fossil and renewable energy sources, and is divided into 8 parts: * Environmental and Energy Policy & Law for Underground Storage * Geological Storage and Monitoring * Enhanced Gas and Oil Recovery Using CO2 (CO2 -EGR/EOR) * Rock Mechanical Behavior in Consideration of Dilatancy and Damage * Underground Storage of Natural Gas and Oil * Underground Storage of Wind Energy * State-of-the-Art & New Developments in Gas Supply in Germany and China * EOR & New Drilling Technology Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy will be invaluable to academics, professionals and engineers, and to industries and governmental bodies active in the field of underground storage of fossil and renewable energy sources.

Over recent years, many new technologies have been introduced to drive the digital transformation in the building maintenance industry. The current trend in digital evolution involves data-driven decision making which opens new opportunities for an energy centered maintenance model. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are helping the maintenance team to get to the next level of maintenance intelligence to provide real-time early warning of abnormal equipment performance. This edition follows the same methodology as the First. It provides detailed descriptions of the latest technologies associated with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning which enable data-driven decision-making processes about the equipment's operation and maintenance. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Different Maintenance Types and The Need for Energy Centered Maintenance The Centered Maintenance Model Energy Centered Maintenance Process Measures of Equipment and Maintenance Efficiency and Effectiveness Data-Driven Energy Centered Maintenance Model: Digitally Enabled Energy Centered Maintenance Tasks Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Energy Centered Maintenance Model Capabilities and Analytics Rules Building Management System Schematics The book contains a detailed description of the digital transformation process of most of the maintenance inspection tasks as they move away from being manually triggered. The book is aimed at building operators as well as those building automation companies who are working continuously to digitalize building operation and maintenance procedures. The benefits are reductions in the equipment failure rate, improvements in equipment reliability, increases in equipment efficiency and extended equipment lifespan.

In many fields of modern physics, classical mechanics plays a key role. However, the teaching of mechanics at the undergraduate level often confines the applications to old-fashioned devices such as combinations of springs and masses, pendulums, or rolling cylinders.This book provides an illustration of classical mechanics in the form of problems (at undergraduate level) inspired - for the most part - by contemporary research in physics, and resulting from the teaching and research experience of the authors. A noticeable feature of this book is that it emphasizes the experimental aspects of a large majority of problems. All problems are accompanied by detailed solutions: the calculations are clarified and their physical significance commented on in-depth. Within the solutions, the basic concepts from undergraduate lectures in classical mechanics, necessary to solve the problems, are recalled when needed. The authors systematically mention recent bibliographical references (most of them freely accessible via the Internet) allowing the reader to deepen their understanding of the subject, and thus contributing to the building of a general culture in physics.

Predicting Motion presents the core ideas of Newtonian mechanics, starting from Newton's laws and the idea that changes in motion are predictable given the forces that cause them. Richly illustrated with questions and answers for self-assessment, it carefully introduces concepts, such as kinetics and potential energy, linear momentum, torque (the rotational analogue of force), and angular momentum, and explains their role in predicting motion. Although no prior knowledge of this topic is required, the book focuses on the significance of differential equations in making such predictions. It also provides an up-to-date treatment of mechanics with accounts of relativistic collisions and the implications of chaos theory for the future of the solar system and for galaxies that contain black holes.

This book describes, by using elementary techniques, how some geometrical structures widely used today in many areas of physics, like symplectic, Poisson, Lagrangian, Hermitian, etc., emerge from dynamics. It is assumed that what can be accessed in actual experiences when studying a given system is just its dynamical behavior that is described by using a family of variables ("observables" of the system). The book departs from the principle that ''dynamics is first'' and then tries to answer in what sense the sole dynamics determines the geometrical structures that have proved so useful to describe the dynamics in so many important instances. In this vein it is shown that most of the geometrical structures that are used in the standard presentations of classical dynamics (Jacobi, Poisson, symplectic, Hamiltonian, Lagrangian) are determined, though in general not uniquely, by the dynamics alone. The same program is accomplished for the geometrical structures relevant to describe quantum dynamics. Finally, it is shown that further properties that allow the explicit description of the dynamics of certain dynamical systems, like integrability and super integrability, are deeply related to the previous development and will be covered in the last part of the book. The mathematical framework used to present the previous program is kept to an elementary level throughout the text, indicating where more advanced notions will be needed to proceed further. A family of relevant examples is discussed at length and the necessary ideas from geometry are elaborated along the text. However no effort is made to present an ''all-inclusive'' introduction to differential geometry as many other books already exist on the market doing exactly that. However, the development of the previous program, considered as the posing and solution of a generalized inverse problem for geometry, leads to new ways of thinking and relating some of the most conspicuous geometrical structures appearing in Mathematical and Theoretical Physics.