High-pressure science has undergone a revolution in the last 15 years. The development of intense new x-ray and neutron sources, improved detectors, new instrumentation, greatly increased computation power, and advanced computational algorithms have enabled researchers to determine the behavior of matter at static pressures in excess of 400 GPa. Shock-wave techniques have allowed access to the experimental pressure-temperature range beyond 1 TPa and 10,000 K. High-Pressure Physics introduces the current state of the art in this field. Based on lectures presented by leading researchers at the 63rd Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics, the book summarizes the latest experimental and theoretical techniques. Highlighting applications in a range of physics disciplines-from novel materials synthesis to planetary interiors-this book cuts across many areas and supplies a solid grounding in high-pressure physics. Chapters cover a wide array of topics and techniques, including: High-pressure devices The design of pressure cells Electrical transport experiments The fabrication process for customizing diamond anvils Equations of state (EOS) for solids in a range of pressures and temperatures Crystallography, optical spectroscopy, and inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) techniques Magnetism in solids The internal structure of Earth and other planets Measurement and control of temperature in high-pressure experiments Solid state chemistry and materials research at high pressure Liquids and glasses The study of hydrogen at high density A resource for graduate students and young researchers, this accessible reference provides an overview of key research areas and applications in high-pressure physics.

The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Third Edition updates coverage of recent developments and rapid technological growth in crucial aspects of power systems, including protection, dynamics and stability, operation, and control. With contributions from worldwide field leaders edited by L.L. Grigsby, one of the world s most respected, accomplished authorities in power engineering this reference includes chapters on:

Content includes a simplified overview of advances in international standards, practices, and technologies, such as small-signal stability and power system oscillations, power system stability controls, and dynamic modeling of power systems. Each book in this popular series supplies a high level of detail and, more importantly, a tutorial style of writing and use of photographs and graphics to help the reader understand the material. This resource will help readers achieve safe, economical, high-quality power delivery in a dynamic and demanding environment. Volumes in the set:
K12642 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856284)
K12648 Power Systems, Third Edition (ISBN: 9781439856338)
K13917 Power System Stability and Control, Third Edition (9781439883204)
K12650 Electric Power Substations Engineering, Third Edition (9781439856383)
K12643 Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Third Edition (9781439856291)
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Safety in Petroleum Industries covers pertinent safety aspects and precautions to be taken for design, operation, maintenance, inspection and project constructions for petroleum industries, with an emphasis on petroleum refineries. Relevant practical knowledge and experience contributing to safe and sustained operation of the industry has been compiled with all necessary references. Identified areas where theoretical inputs are required have also been incorporated. Learning objectives for the petroleum industries have been identified and discussed in an organized manner based on author's more than thirty-five years of experience in petroleum and chemical industries. Aimed at practicing engineers in upstream and downstream petroleum industries, this book: Covers safety tips for operation of petroleum industries Documents design codes, tools and practices including safe operating practices of different equipment and safety procedures in a single source Includes detailed safety procedures like HAZOP, Safety Audit, management safety review, and process safety management Contains dedicated chapters on Fire Fighting, and Industrial Hygiene and Ergonomics Discusses first-hand experienced examples and burning issues in the petroleum industry

From wood and coal to predominantly oil and natural gas. Thermal Power Plants use fuels for power generation. Water is used for process, cooling, as well as for service/drinking requirement. Chemicals are used for conditioning of water, corrosion-control and sometimes for conditioning of fuel as well. Lubricants are used for machinery. These inputs generate waste products. Human related wastes (sewage etc.) are also generated along with the processed waste. These pollutants/wastes need to be treated before their disposal from the plants. The treated effluents are required to meet the limits set by Central / State Pollution Control Boards. The regulations, issued by these agencies, specify the maximum allowable limits applicable to the pollutants discharge from the Power Plants. This book is a serious effort that deals in detail with all the above issues and we are sure that scientists, academicians, researchers and professionals who are constantly facing these issues and are striving to move towards a zero emission regime, will find this monograph a very useful reference tool on the topic. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

This book aims to take the reader through all aspects of fire safety and management in residential settings, from origin and ignition, risk assessment, protection and prevention, as well as comparing effective enforcement options from across all parts of the UK. It outlines the basis of law, standards and guidance relating to fire safety and building performance, and critically evaluates the legal provisions and approaches to risk reduction with the focus on rented properties. This book: Provides wider access to fire safety knowledge previously generally used by regulators and specialists. Examines fire risk assessments in domestic premises and the competency of assessors. Explains the approaches to fire safety enforcement the impact of property licensing. Includes fire risk precautions for housing and general checklists to help landlords and tenants understand their responsibilities Explores the effect of existing legislation with references to key Property Tribunal decisions relating to fire risk management and future legal developments. This book will assist Environmental Health Officers and Environmental Health Practitioners - as well as graduating academics of the field - in their work to encourage the appropriate and effective use of legislation. Landlords, Estate managers, student accommodation managers, surveyors and tenant groups may also find this book of interest.

Engineering the physical, chemical, and energy properties of lignocellulosic biomass is important to produce high-quality consistent feedstocks with reduced variability for biofuels production. The emphasis of this book will be the beneficial impacts that mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods can have on lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes or specifications for solid and liquid biofuels and biopower production technologies. "Preprocessing" refers to treatments that can occur at a distance from conversion and result in an intermediate with added value, with improved conversion performance and efficiency. This book explores the effects of mechanical, chemical, and thermal preprocessing methods on lignocellulosic biomass physical properties and chemical composition and their suitability for biofuels production. For example, biomass mechanical preprocessing methods like size reduction (which impacts the particle size and distribution) and densification (density and size and shape) are important for feedstocks to meet the quality requirements for both biochemical and thermochemical conversion methods like enzymatic conversion, gasification, and pyrolysis process. Thermal preprocessing methods like drying, deep drying, torrefaction, steam explosion, hydrothermal carbonization, and hydrothermal liquefaction effect feedstock's proximate, ultimate and energy property, making biomass suitable for both solid and liquid fuel production. Chemical preprocessing which includes washing, leaching, acid, alkali, and ammonia fiber explosion that can enable biochemical composition, such as modification of lignin and hemicellulose, and impacts the enzymatic conversion application for liquid fuels production. This book also explores the integration of these preprocessing technologies to achieve desired lignocellulosic biomass quality attributes for biofuels production.

Faced with the climate change phenomena, humanity has had to now contend with numerous changes, including our attitude environment protection, and also with depletion of classical energy resources. These have had consequences in the power production sector, which was already struggling with negative public opinion on nuclear energy, but a favorable perception of renewable energy resources. The objective of this edited volume is to review all these changes and to present solutions for future power generation.

Innovation through specific and rational design and functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic, rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the field

The study of energetic particles in magnetic fusion plasmas is key to the development of next-generation "burning" plasma fusion experiments, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the Demonstration Power Station (DEMO). This book provides a comprehensive introduction and analysis of the experimental data on how fast ions behave in fusion-grade plasmas, featuring the latest ground-breaking results from world-leading machines such as the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST). It also details Alfvenic instabilities, driven by energetic ions, which can cause enhanced transport of energetic ions. MHD spectroscopy of plasma via observed Alfvenic waves called "Alfven spectroscopy" is introduced and several applications are presented. This book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers, and academics studying fusion plasma physics. Features: Provides a comprehensive overview of the field in one cohesive text, with the main physics phenomena explained qualitatively first. Authored by an authority in the field, who draws on his extensive experience of working with energetic particles in tokamak plasmas. Is suitable for extrapolating energetic particle phenomena in fusion to other plasma types, such as solar and space plasmas.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This new book takes a nuanced look at building a sustainable transportation infrastructure and provides an overview of the harmful effect of various modes of transportation on the environment. The environmental impact of transportation is significant. Transportation is a major user of energy, it burns most of the world's petroleum, and is the fastest-growing contributor to carbon dioxide emissions. Although environmental regulations in many countries have reduced the individual vehicle's emissions, this has been offset by an increase in vehicles on the road and airways.

The 2016 2nd International Conference on Energy Equipment Science and Engineering (ICEESE 2016) was held on November 12-14, 2016 in Guangzhou, China. ICEESE 2016 brought together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of energy equipment science and engineering to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in energy equipment science and engineering and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in energy equipment science and engineering and related areas.

1) Discusses modeling for grid connected PV system from basic to advance 2) Emphasizes on Power Electronics Converter Design 3) Provides description about advance control feature considering Grid Codes 4) Provides description about control (Conventional and Intelligent ) 5) Focuses on Mathematical Analysis

The availability of large data sets has allowed researchers to uncover complex properties such as large-scale fluctuations and heterogeneities in many networks, leading to the breakdown of standard theoretical frameworks and models. Until recently these systems were considered as haphazard sets of points and connections. Recent advances have generated a vigorous research effort in understanding the effect of complex connectivity patterns on dynamical phenomena. This book presents a comprehensive account of these effects. A vast number of systems, from the brain to ecosystems, power grids and the internet, can be represented as large complex networks. This book will interest graduate students and researchers in many disciplines, from physics and statistical mechanics to mathematical biology and information science. Its modular approach allows readers to readily access the sections of most interest to them, and complicated maths is avoided so the text can be easily followed by non-experts in the subject.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part I: Dynamics and Symmetry (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. In particular, it explains the dynamics of rotating, spinning and rolling rigid bodies from a geometric viewpoint by formulating their solutions as coadjoint motions generated by Lie groups. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, multivariable calculus and some familiarity with Euler-Lagrange variational principles and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The book uses familiar concrete examples to explain variational calculus on tangent spaces of Lie groups. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from vectors and matrices, working through the theory of quaternions to understand rotations, then transferring these skills to the computation of more abstract adjoint and coadjoint motions, Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations, momentum maps and finally dynamics with nonholonomic constraints.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. Many worked examples of adjoint and coadjoint actions of Lie groups on smooth manifolds have also been added and the enhanced coursework examples have been expanded. The second edition is ideal for classroom use, student projects and self-study.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part I: Dynamics and Symmetry (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. In particular, it explains the dynamics of rotating, spinning and rolling rigid bodies from a geometric viewpoint by formulating their solutions as coadjoint motions generated by Lie groups. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, multivariable calculus and some familiarity with Euler-Lagrange variational principles and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The book uses familiar concrete examples to explain variational calculus on tangent spaces of Lie groups. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from vectors and matrices, working through the theory of quaternions to understand rotations, then transferring these skills to the computation of more abstract adjoint and coadjoint motions, Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations, momentum maps and finally dynamics with nonholonomic constraints.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. Many worked examples of adjoint and coadjoint actions of Lie groups on smooth manifolds have also been added and the enhanced coursework examples have been expanded. The second edition is ideal for classroom use, student projects and self-study.

Designing offshore wave energy converter (WEC) devices requires a thorough understanding of many aspects of science and engineering, namely, wave hydrodynamics, wave-WEC interactions, mechanical design, analysis tools, and conducting experiments. This book provides the tools for understanding these complex systems and addresses the basic concepts of WECs through detailed analysis and design. A few devices developed and experimentally investigated are discussed in detail, some of which are considered highly novel and still in the preliminary stages of study in the existing literature. FEATURES Offers numerous detailed design methods and practical model studies Presents analysis of the dynamic response behavior of WECs based on experimental studies on scale models Covers the most recent and novel innovations in the field Includes a discussion of offshore wind farms as a green energy alternative and examines their conceptual development and design This book serves as a useful guide for both academicians and professionals in naval architecture and offshore engineering as well as in civil and structural engineering. In addition, it helps in the understanding of structural behavior in terms of risk criteria, efficiency, service life, and reliability. Readers will gain a comprehensive knowledge of the design and development of offshore wave energy devices and the preliminary design of offshore wind turbines, which are currently largely absent in the scientific literature.

This book focuses on the development and implementation of the longitudinal, angular and frequency controls of the Advanced Virgo detector, both from the simulation and experimental point of view, which contributed to Virgo reaching a sensitivity that enabled it to join the LIGO-Virgo O2 run in August 2017. This data taking was very successful, with the first direct detection of a binary black hole merger (GW170814) using the full network of three interferometers, and the first detection and localization of a binary neutron star merger (GW170817). The second generation of gravitational wave detector, Advanced Virgo, is capable of detecting differential displacements of the order of 10-21m. This means that it is highly sensitive to any disturbance, including the seismic movement of the Earth. For this reason an active control is necessary to keep the detector in place with sufficient accuracy.

This book presents both the importance of energy transition and its associated difficulties. Energy Transition, Second Edition, provides an explanation of the physical concepts of energy and power and also reviews global energy consumption and our dependence on energy. The book discusses the links between the economy and energy. It explains the drawbacks and dangers of different energy sources and tries to compare them. By reviewing future energy resources, it evaluates several transition scenarios. The book shows that the laws of physics prevent the emergence of simple, pleasant solutions, but it proposes potential solutions and encourages readers to develop better processes from energy sources to production to consumption. This book will be of interest to engineers and undergraduate and graduate students studying and working in various fields of energy; producers of fossil, gas, oil, coal, electric, renewable, and nuclear energy; and anyone interested in better understanding these fundamental problems for our future. FEATURES Discusses the current issues with energy transition Covers several energy transition scenarios and their associated difficulties Presents the links between economy and energy Highlights the importance of a global discussion of energy Encourages the development of better, improved processes in energy sources from production to consumption

While the finite element method (FEM) has become the standard technique used to solve static and dynamic problems associated with structures and machines, ANSYS software has developed into the engineer's software of choice to model and numerically solve those problems.

An invaluable tool to help engineers master and optimize analysis, The Finite Element Method for Mechanics of Solids with ANSYS Applications explains the foundations of FEM in detail, enabling engineers to use it properly to analyze stress and interpret the output of a finite element computer program such as ANSYS.

Illustrating presented theory with a wealth of practical examples, this book covers topics including:

• Essential background on solid mechanics (including small- and large-deformation elasticity, plasticity, and viscoelasticity) and mathematics
• Advanced finite element theory and associated fundamentals, with examples
• Use of ANSYS to derive solutions for problems that deal with vibration, wave propagation, fracture mechanics, plates and shells, and contact

Totally self-contained, this text presents step-by-step instructions on how to use ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) and the ANSYS Workbench to solve problems involving static/dynamic structural analysis (both linear and non-linear) and heat transfer, among other areas. It will quickly become a welcome addition to any engineering library, equally useful to students and experienced engineers alike.

The effects of very high pressures on various physical systems are of great scientific interest and experiments in this field are an increasingly important activity. Literature on high pressure methods is however scarce and largely out of date. This book is the first to present a broad and thorough coverage of methods and applications. It also provides a technological overview of high-pressure research in the Soviet Union much of which has never been presented in Western literature. This book is intended for graduate students specialising in high pressure experiments in physics, chemistry, and biology, and for scientists coming to high pressure experimentation for the first time as well as those already working in the field.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part II: Rotating, Translating and Rolling (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces the tools and language of modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. It treats the fundamental problems of dynamical systems from the viewpoint of Lie group symmetry in variational principles. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, calculus and some familiarity with Hamilton's principle and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The ideas and concepts of geometric mechanics are explained in the context of explicit examples. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from Fermat's principle, working through the theory of differential forms on manifolds and transferring these ideas to the applications of reduction by symmetry to reveal Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations and momentum maps in physical applications.The many Exercises and Worked Answers in the text enable the student to grasp the essential aspects of the subject. In addition, the modern language and application of differential forms is explained in the context of geometric mechanics, so that the importance of Lie derivatives and their flows is clear. All theorems are stated and proved explicitly.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. In particular, the role of Noether's theorem about the implications of Lie group symmetries for conservation laws of dynamical systems has been emphasised throughout, with many applications.

See also GEOMETRIC MECHANICS - Part II: Rotating, Translating and Rolling (2nd Edition) This textbook introduces the tools and language of modern geometric mechanics to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in mathematics, physics and engineering. It treats the fundamental problems of dynamical systems from the viewpoint of Lie group symmetry in variational principles. The only prerequisites are linear algebra, calculus and some familiarity with Hamilton's principle and canonical Poisson brackets in classical mechanics at the beginning undergraduate level.The ideas and concepts of geometric mechanics are explained in the context of explicit examples. Through these examples, the student develops skills in performing computational manipulations, starting from Fermat's principle, working through the theory of differential forms on manifolds and transferring these ideas to the applications of reduction by symmetry to reveal Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulations and momentum maps in physical applications.The many Exercises and Worked Answers in the text enable the student to grasp the essential aspects of the subject. In addition, the modern language and application of differential forms is explained in the context of geometric mechanics, so that the importance of Lie derivatives and their flows is clear. All theorems are stated and proved explicitly.The organisation of the first edition has been preserved in the second edition. However, the substance of the text has been rewritten throughout to improve the flow and to enrich the development of the material. In particular, the role of Noether's theorem about the implications of Lie group symmetries for conservation laws of dynamical systems has been emphasised throughout, with many applications.

This textbook - incorporated with many illuminating examples and exercises - is aimed at graduate students of physical sciences and engineering. The purpose is to provide a background of physics and underlying mathematics for the concept of rays, filling the gap between mathematics and physics textbooks for a coherent treatment of all topics. The authors' emphasis and extremely good presentation of the theory of characteristics, which defines the rays, accentuate the beauty and versatility of this theory. To this end, the rigour of the formulation - by a pure mathematician's standards - is downplayed to highlight the physical meaning and to make the subject accessible to a wider audience. The authors describe in detail the theory of characteristics for different types of differential equations, the applications to wave propagation in different types of media, and the phenomena such as caustics.

This is one of the very few books focusing on relativistic statistical mechanics, and is written by a leading expert in this special field. It started from the notion of relativistic kinetic theory, half a century ago, exploding into relativistic statistical mechanics. This will interest specialists of various fields, especially the (classical and quantum) plasma physics. However, quantum physics - to which a major part is devoted - will be of more interest since, not only it applies to quantum plasma physics, but also to nuclear matter and to strong magnetic field, cosmology, etc. Although the domain of gauge theory is not covered in this book, the topic is not completely forgotten, in particular in the domain of plasma physics. This book is particularly readable for graduate students and a fortiori to young researchers for whom it offers methods and also appropriate schemes to deal with the current problems encountered in astrophysics, in strong magnetic, in nuclear or even in high energy physics.

Electrodynamics is a basic area of physics, encompassing also classical and quantum physics, optics, relativity and field theory, and is of universal practical importance. The present text aims at a balance between basic theory and practical applications, and includes introductions to specific quantum mechanical effects. The detailed presentation allows the reader to follow every step. Each chapter is supplemented by both worked examples and unsolved exercises. This thoroughly revised second edition with new sections on networks and diffraction, and with international units stated wherever relevant, covers all the material normally required for a first degree in physics and beyond, and may serve as a step to advanced applications and research.