Cosmology has become a very active research field in the last decades thanks to the impressing improvement of our observational techniques which have led to landmark discoveries such as the accelerated expansion of the universe, and have put physicists in front of new mysteries to unveil, such as the quest after the nature of dark matter and dark energy. These notes offer an approach to cosmology, covering fundamental topics in the field: the expansion of the universe, the thermal history, the evolution of small cosmological perturbations and the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation. Some extra topics are presented in the penultimate chapter and some standard results of physics and mathematics are available in the last chapter in order to provide a self-contained treatment. These notes offer an in-depth account of the above-mentioned topics and are aimed to graduate students who want to build an expertise in cosmology.

"This book covers some of the main aspects of nonlinear analysis. It concentrates on stressing the fundamental ideas instead of elaborating on the intricacies of the more esoteric ones...it encompass es] many methods of dynamical systems in quite simple and original settings. I recommend this book to anyone interested in the main and essential concepts of nonlinear analysis as well as the relevant methodologies and applications." --MATHEMATICAL REVIEWS

The past three decades have witnessed the great success of lithium-ion batteries, especially in the areas of 3C products, electrical vehicles, and smart grid applications. However, further optimization of the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency, cycle life, charge speed, and environmental adaptability are still needed. To address these issues, a thorough understanding of the reaction inside a battery or dynamic evolution of each component is required. Microscopy and Microanalysis for Lithium-Ion Batteries discusses advanced analytical techniques that offer the capability of resolving the structure and chemistry at an atomic resolution to further drive lithium-ion battery research and development. * Provides comprehensive techniques that probe the fundamentals of Li-ion batteries. * Covers the basic principles of the techniques involved as well as its application in battery research. * Describes details of experimental set-ups and procedure for successful experiments. This reference is aimed at researchers, engineers, and scientists studying lithium-ion batteries including chemical, materials, and electrical engineers, as well as chemists and physicists.

This book explores the myriad issues that play out in the upstream petroleum industry of Ghana from a legal perspective. Focusing on Ghana as an emerging petroleum country, Thomas Kojo Stephens begins by examining whether the existing constitutional framework will be effective in governing the expanding oil and gas sector. Drawing on various approaches proffered by other experts in the field, Stephens looks at possible institutional structures that could be put in place and juxtaposes these ideas with the experience of Ghana to test the efficacy of these proposals. He also explores the types of contractual frameworks currently implemented in Ghana for comparison with other emerging petroleum economies, examining the barriers to effectiveness, novel provisions that must be incorporated and lessons learned from other regions. Finally, the book highlights how vital it is for the Ghanaian State to monitor the use of petroleum revenue and make ethical investment decisions that prioritise the interests of Ghanaian citizens. Upstream Oil and Gas in Ghana will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy law and policy, oil and gas management and African Studies more broadly, as well as those working in the upstream petroleum industry.

This book introduces field theory as required in solid and fluid mechanics as well as in electromagnetism. It includes the necessary applied mathematical framework of tensor algebra and tensor calculus, using an inductive approach particularly suited to beginners. It is geared toward undergraduate classes in continuum theory for engineers in general, and more specifically to courses in continuum mechanics. Students will gain a sound basic understanding of the subject as well as the ability to solve engineering problems by applying the general laws of nature in terms of the balances for mass, momentum, and energy in combination with material-specific relations in terms of constitutive equations, thus learning how to use the theory in practice for themselves. This is facilitated by numerous examples and problems provided throughout the text.

This book serves as a textbook for senior undergraduate students who are learning the subject of general relativity and gravitational waves for the first time. Both authors have been teaching the course in various forms for a few decades and have designed the book as a one stop book at basic level including derivations and exercises. A spectacular prediction of general relativity is gravitational waves. Gravitational waves were first detected by the LIGO detectors in 2015, hundred years after their prediction. Both authors are part of the LIGO Science Collaboration and were authors on the discovery paper. Therefore, a strong motivation for this book is to provide the essential concepts of general relativity theory and gravitational waves with their modern applications to students and to researchers who are new to the multi-disciplinary field of gravitational wave astronomy. One of the advanced topics covered in this book is the fundamentals of gravitational wave data analysis, filling a gap in textbooks on general relativity. The topic blends smoothly with other chapters in the book not only because of the common area of research, but it uses similar differential geometric and algebraic tools that are used in general relativity.

In this short book, renowned theoretical physicist and author Carlo Rovelli gives a straightforward introduction to Einstein's General Relativity, our current theory of gravitation. Focusing on conceptual clarity, he derives all the basic results in the simplest way, taking care to explain the physical, philosophical and mathematical ideas at the heart of "the most beautiful of all scientific theories". Some of the main applications of General Relativity are also explored, for example, black holes, gravitational waves and cosmology, and the book concludes with a brief introduction to quantum gravity. Written by an author well known for the clarity of his presentation of scientific ideas, this concise book will appeal to university students looking to improve their understanding of the principal concepts, as well as science-literate readers who are curious about the real theory of General Relativity, at a level beyond a popular science treatment.

Covers climate change fundamentals and its impact on different ecosystems and natural disasters Describes non-renewable energy aspects like fossil fuel, coal, oil, natural gas and so forth Explores sustainable development in terms of environment, social and economic aspects Includes species diversity and loss, agriculture productivity, water resources scarcity, health and environmental, rise in sea level and coastal area submergence Illustrates scientific hybridization of traditional ecological knowledge for enhancing climate change adaptation

Collective behavior in systems with many components, blow-ups with emergence of microstructures are proofs of the double, continuum and atomistic, nature of macroscopic systems, an issue which has always intrigued scientists and philosophers. Modern technologies have made the question more actual and concrete with recent, remarkable progresses also from a mathematical point of view. The book focuses on the links connecting statistical and continuum mechanics and, starting from elementary introductions to both theories, it leads to actual research themes. Mathematical techniques and methods from probability, calculus of variations and PDE are discussed at length.

This book results from the XVIII Spanish-French School 'Jacques Louis Lions' on Numerical Simulation in Physics and Engineering, that took place in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria from 25th to 29th June 2018. These conferences are held biennially since 1984 and sponsored by the Spanish Society of Applied Mathematics (SEMA). They also have the sponsorship of the Societe de Mathematiques Appliquees et Industrielles (SMAI) of France since 2008. Each edition is organized around several main courses and talks delivered by renowned French/Spanish scientists. This volume is highly recommended to graduate students in Engineering or Science who want to focus on numerical simulation, either as a research topic or in the field of industrial applications. It can also benefit senior researchers and technicians working in industry who are interested in the use of state-of-the-art numerical techniques. Moreover, the book can be used as a textbook for master courses in Mathematics, Physics, or Engineering.

Explores the history and significance of interplanetary space missions. Features detailed explanations and mathematical methods for trajectory optimization. Includes detailed explanations and mathematical methods for mission analysis for interplanetary missions. Covers the introduction, mathematical methods, and applications of the N-body problem (N>2). Discusses navigation and targeting for interplanetary mission.

Covers potential energy storage (rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors) and energy conversion (solar cells and fuel cells) materials. Develops theoretical predictions and experimental observations under a unified quasi-particle framework. Illustrate up-to-date calculation results and experimental measurements. Describes successful synthesis, fabrication, and measurements, as well as potential applications and near future challenges.

Based on the subjects from the Clay Mathematics Institute/Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Workshop titled 'Recent Progress in Dynamics' in September and October 2004, this volume contains surveys and research articles by leading experts in several areas of dynamical systems that have experienced substantial progress. One of the major surveys is on symplectic geometry, which is closely related to classical mechanics and an exciting addition to modern geometry. The survey on local rigidity of group actions gives a broad and up-to-date account of another flourishing subject. Other papers cover hyperbolic, parabolic, and symbolic dynamics as well as ergodic theory. Students and researchers in dynamical systems, geometry, and related areas will find this book fascinating. The book also includes a fifty-page commented problem list that takes the reader beyond the areas covered by the surveys, to inspire and guide further research.

Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (1886-1975) was a physicist, mathematician and expert on fluid dynamics and wave theory. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest physical scientists of the twentieth century. Across these four volumes, published between the years 1958 and 1971, Batchelor has collected together almost 200 of Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor's papers. The papers of the first three volumes are grouped approximately by subject, with Volume IV collating a number of miscellaneous papers on the mechanics of fluids. Together, these volumes allow a thorough exploration of the breadth and diversity of Sir Taylor's interests within the field of fluid dynamics. At the end of Volume IV, Batchelor provides the reader with both a chronological list of the papers presented across all four volumes, and a list of Sir Geoffrey Taylor's other published articles, completing this truly invaluable research and reference work.

Provides background material needed to understand digital twin technology Presents computational facet of digital twin Includes physics based and surrogate model representations Addresses the problem of uncertainty in measurements and modeling Discusses practical case studies of implementation of digital twins addressing additive manufacturing, server farms, predictive maintenance, and smart cities

1. This book gives the reader a comprehensive and in-depth introduction to the variable gain control and details a series of related innovative technologies. Instead of reading various relevant books, this book enables readers to establish an overall understanding of variable gain control methods for different systems. 2. The goal of this book is to interpret complex control knowledge in simple terms. It is easy to understand and needs little background knowledge. 3. It highlights the practical applications of variable gain control in energy conversation. The designed variable gain control has a simple form and is convenient for engineering applications. 4. Discussion remarks are provided in each chapter with new contributions to emphasize the novelty of the presented design and analysis methods. Moreover, a number of interesting remaining problems in the related topics, which are worthy of further investigation, are discussed in this book. 5. Simulation results are given in each chapter, sometimes in a comparative manner, to show the effectiveness of these methods.

This book takes a unique interdisciplinary look at the latest developments, advances, and trends in the interrelated areas of sustainable engineering, energy, and the environment, focusing on environmental engineering for renewable and green energy. It looks at new research and studies on a variety of topics in green nanotechnology, green processing and solar energy, sustainable energy policies, biofuels, fuel cells, and much more. The first section of Sustainable Engineering, Energy, and the Environment: Challenges and Opportunities looks at myriad issues in sustainable energy, such as sustainable urbanism through space planning and residential building design, a method to convert vibrations from mechanical work into power, energy grid maintenance, mathematical modeling and time analysis of various mechanical activities, and more. Topics on sustainable energy include voltage systems for stand-alone nanogrids, new sources for biodiesel production, solar energy conversion, protection equipment for windmill towers, etc. The section on sustainable environment explores issues such as industrial water recycling, regeneration of spent-activated carbon in pharmaceutical production, smell mitigation and recovery of fuel from waste, the water footprint of agriculture, etc. Key features Presents advances and developments in the areas of engineering, energy, and environment under sustainable development Examines potential issues of understanding of green buildings and their energy efficiency Presents case studies on sustainable urbanization Presents novel clean technology applications for attaining environmental sustainability Assesses green auditing and natural capital accounting Describes relevant experimental techniques This book features important contributions from scientists, academicians, and professionals on the latest developments and advances in the interrelated fields of sustainable engineering, energy, and environment.

Key Features: Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Details reactor types and bed types. Explores the process options and parameters involved. Assesses coke formation and additives. Considers next generation processes and developments.

This special anniversary book celebrates the success of this Springer book series highlighting materials modeling as the key to developing new engineering products and applications. In this 100th volume of "Advanced Structured Materials", international experts showcase the current state of the art and future trends in materials modeling, which is essential in order to fulfill the demanding requirements of next-generation engineering tasks.

This new book, Carbon Nanotubes for Energy and Environmental Applications, covers the timely issue of green applications of carbon nanotubes. It covers the diverse usages of carbon nanotubes for the sensing of environmentally hazardous chemicals, for water purification, for the protection of the environment, and for new energy applications. The development of highly sensitive CNT-based gas sensors for air pollution monitoring, for green synthesis of carbon nanotubes, and for green energy applications are discussed in this volume. The diverse topics in the volume include nanodiamonds for energy storage, new lubricant additives that enhance energy efficiency, how carbon nanotubes can be applied in the food and agricultural sectors, the use of CNTs in water purification and desalination, carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensors for environmentally hazardous chemicals, and much more. This timely book addresses a need of the hour and will provide valuable for environmentally conscious industry professionals, faculty and students, and researchers in materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry with interest in nanomaterials.

Explains different power electronics types of converters with different types of renewable energy sources Provides review of the major power conversion topologies in one book Focuses on experimental analysis rather than simulation work Recommends usage of MATLAB, PSCAD, and PSIM simulation software for detailed analysis Includes DC-DC converters reasonable with peculiar power rating

Offering a comprehensive overview of biofuels and bioenergy systems, Biofuels: Technologies, Policies, and Opportunities describes advances in technologies and global policies around biofuels as a renewable energy source. It discusses the basics of biofuel and bioenergy systems and current status and potential challenges in developed and developing countries. The book also highlights the questions that should be asked, available options, and processes (conventional and advanced) to enhance biofuel production. Details how technological interventions can influence the operation of an effective bioenergy system. Presents information regarding Renewable Energy Directives and global policies related to energy chains, energy models, market status, and appropriateness of technology selection for different generations of biofuel generation. Covers socio-economic aspects and techno-economic feasibility as well as a detailed Life cycle simulations (LCS)approach, revealing the real constraints being faced in the biofuels sector. Helps bioenergy professionals to prepare a roadmap for day-to-day operations. Describes recent advances such as biohythane, advanced oxidation process, and nanocatalyzed pretreatment for biofuel generation from wastewater. Addresses the most commonly discussed issues in the biofuel sector and the rationales underpinning them. Written for professionals, academic researchers, decision makers, and policymakers in the biofuel sector, this book provides readers with a wide-ranging review of current research and developments in the respective field.

Thermal Radiation: An Introduction is a complete textbook for a one-semester introductory graduate course on radiative energy transfer. It bridges the gap between a basic introduction and comprehensive coverage of thermal radiation, focusing on insight into radiative transfer as practiced by engineers. Covering radiative transfer among surfaces, with an introduction to the effects of participating media between surfaces, the book includes surface and medium property characteristics and solutions to the radiative transfer equation in simple geometries. * Tailored and organized specifically to suit a one-semester graduate course in radiative heat transfer. * Emphasis is placed on insight into radiative transfer as practiced by engineers. * Discusses how radiation is incorporated into finite element analysis (FEA) codes. The textbook is intended for instructors and graduate students in a first-year course on radiative heat transfer or advanced heat transfer. Supplementary resources for students and instructors are available online.

This twelfth volume in the Poincare Seminar Series presents a complete and interdisciplinary perspective on the concept of Chaos, both in classical mechanics in its deterministic version, and in quantum mechanics. This book expounds some of the most wide ranging questions in science, from uncovering the fingerprints of classical chaotic dynamics in quantum systems, to predicting the fate of our own planetary system. Its seven articles are also highly pedagogical, as befits their origin in lectures to a broad scientific audience. Highlights include a complete description by the mathematician E. Ghys of the paradigmatic Lorenz attractor, and of the famed Lorenz butterfly effect as it is understood today, illuminating the fundamental mathematical issues at play with deterministic chaos; a detailed account by the experimentalist S. Fauve of the masterpiece experiment, the von Karman Sodium or VKS experiment, which established in 2007 the spontaneous generation of a magnetic field in a strongly turbulent flow, including its reversal, a model of Earth's magnetic field; a simple toy model by the theorist U. Smilansky - the discrete Laplacian on finite d-regular expander graphs - which allows one to grasp the essential ingredients of quantum chaos, including its fundamental link to random matrix theory; a review by the mathematical physicists P. Bourgade and J.P. Keating, which illuminates the fascinating connection between the distribution of zeros of the Riemann -function and the statistics of eigenvalues of random unitary matrices, which could ultimately provide a spectral interpretation for the zeros of the -function, thus a proof of the celebrated Riemann Hypothesis itself; an article by a pioneer of experimental quantum chaos, H-J. Stoeckmann, who shows in detail how experiments on the propagation of microwaves in 2D or 3D chaotic cavities beautifully verify theoretical predictions; a thorough presentation by the mathematical physicist S. Nonnenmacher of the "anatomy" of the eigenmodes of quantized chaotic systems, namely of their macroscopic localization properties, as ruled by the Quantum Ergodic theorem, and of the deep mathematical challenge posed by their fluctuations at the microscopic scale; a review, both historical and scientific, by the astronomer J. Laskar on the stability, hence the fate, of the chaotic Solar planetary system we live in, a subject where he made groundbreaking contributions, including the probabilistic estimate of possible planetary collisions. This book should be of broad general interest to both physicists and mathematicians.