This book includes an introduction to some important reliability concepts and a review of terminology. The work is divided into three sections: modelling, evaluation and assurance.

This book provides systematic coverage of the beam-based techniques that accelerator physicists use to improve the performance of large particle accelerators, including synchrotrons and linacs. It begins by discussing the basic principles of accelerators, before exploring the various error sources in accelerators and their impact on the machine's performances. The book then demonstrates the latest developments of beam-based correction techniques that can be used to address such errors and covers the new and expanding area of beam-based optimization. This book is an ideal, accessible reference book for physicists working on accelerator design and operation, and for postgraduate studying accelerator physics. Features: Entirely self-contained, exploring the theoretic background, including algorithm descriptions, and providing application guidance Accompanied by source codes of the main algorithms and sample codes online Uses real-life accelerator problems to illustrate principles, enabling readers to apply techniques to their own problems Xiaobiao Huang is an accelerator physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, USA. He graduated from Tsinghua University with a Bachelor of Science in Physics and a Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science in 1999. He earned a PhD in Accelerator Physics from Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, in 2005. He spent three years on thesis research work at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory from 2003-2005. He has worked at SLAC as a staff scientist since 2006. He became Accelerator Physics Group Leader of the SPEAR3 Division, Accelerator Directorate in 2015. His research work in accelerator physics ranges from beam dynamics, accelerator design, and accelerator modelling and simulation to beam based measurements, accelerator control, and accelerator optimization. He has taught several courses at US Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), including Beam Based Diagnostics, Accelerator Physics, Advanced Accelerator Physics, and Special Topics in Accelerator Physics.

Tsunamis are long water waves generated by impulsive geophysical motions of the seafloor. They inflict significant damage and casualties both near-field and after evolving over long propagation distances and impacting distant coastlines. They can also affect geomorphologic changes along the coast. Tsunamis can be triggered by sea floor deformation, landslides, slumps, subsidence, volcanic eruptions and bolide impacts. Understanding tsunami generation is of paramount importance for protecting coastal populations at risk, coastal structures and the natural environment. generation, so that adequate discrimination of their sources from coastal inundation data is difficult. The accurate and reliable prediction of the initial waveform and the associated coastal effects of tsunamis remains one of the most vexing problems in geophysics, and - with few exceptions - has resisted routine numerical computation or off-the-shelf solutions. with contributions ranging from basic and applied science to coastal zone management. It is aimed at tsunami scientists, coastal and ocean engineers, marine geologists and geophysicists, planners and policy makers, and coastal zone managers seeking to better understand and mitigate the coastal impact of tsunamis.

Dynamics, motion, and sensation are karate's connective tissueand they are the heart of this book. As a lifelong student of martial arts, J. D. Swanson, PhD, had searched through piles of books on form and function. Stand here, they said. Step there. But where movement was concerned, not one of them went deep enough. No one discussed dynamicsthe actual feeling of the moves. Martial instruction, both in print and in person, tends to focus on stances and finishing positions. But dynamics, motion, sensation ...they are karate's connective tissueand they are the heart of this book. Karate Science: Dynamic Movement will help you understand the mechanics of the human body. Swanson describes these principles in incredible detail, drawing on examples from several styles of karate, as well as aikido, taekwondo, and judo. Whatever your martial background, applying this knowledge will make your techniques better, stronger, and faster. *Understand the major types of techniques, including their outward appearances and internal feelings.*Master the core principles behind these feelings.*Learn the biomechanics and dynamics of core movement. Karate Science: Dynamic Movementis filled with examples, anecdotes, and beautiful illustrations. Although Shotokan karate is the author's frame of reference, the principles of human mechanics translate to all martial styles. This book features *Clear and insightful explanations of dynamic movement.*Over 100 illustrations.*Profound but accessible analysis of the kihon, or fundamentals of Shotokan karate. Karate Science: Dynamic Movement is rooted in the teachings of the masters," Swanson says. This book nucleates that knowledge, clarifying and distilling the key principles behind movement dynamics. This is the next evolution of karate books."

The International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD) is the merger of the International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics (ICNMFD) and the International Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ISCFD). It is held every two years and brings together physicists, mathematicians and engineers to review and share recent advances in mathematical and computational techniques for modeling fluid dynamics. The proceedings contain a selection of refereed contributions and are meant to serve as a source of reference for all those interested in the state of the art in computational fluid dynamics.

This book is a very simple introduction for those who would like to learn about the particle accelerators or 'atom-smashers' used in hospitals, industry and large research institutes where physicists probe deep into the nature of matter itself. The reader with a basic knowledge of mathematics and physics will discover a wide spectrum of technologies.

Presents a new physical and mathematical theory of irreversible deformations and ductile fracture of metals that acknowledges the continuous change in the structure of materials during deformation and the accumulation of deformation damage. Plastic deformation, viscous destruction, evolution of structure, creep processes, and long-term strength of metals and stress relaxation are described in the framework of a unified approach and model. The author then expands this into a mathematical model for determining the mechanical characteristics of quasi-samples of standard mechanical properties in deformed semi-finished products.

This book is an account on the thermomechanical behaviour of granular and porous materials and deals with experiments, theoretical deduction of macroscale equations by means of averaging from microscale properties, embedding the macroscopic description into a continuum-thermodynamical and statistical context and analysis of solutions of macroscopic models by numerical techniques. It addresses itself to engineers (chemical, civil, mechanical) applied mathematicians and physicists at the advanced student or Ph. D. level at universities, research centres and in industry.

This book presents a complete and comprehensive analysis of the behaviour of granular materials including the description of experimental results, the different ways to define the global behaviour from local phenomena at the particle scale, the various modellings which can be used for a D.E.M. analysis to solve practical problems and finally the analysis of strain localisation. The concepts developed in this book are applicable to many kinds of granular materials considered in civil, mechanical or chemical engineering.

It is altogether fitting that the American Vacuum Society commemorate its 40th anniversary by paying tribute to the pioneers who laid the foundations of modern vacuum science. Through new biographies and historical reviews, and reprints of seminal papers, Vacuum Science and Technology: Pioneers of the 20th Century gives us a fresh appreciation for the groundbreaking work done in the first part of this century. This volume begins with a brief history of the AVS by former Westinghouse researcher Jack Singleton. Section 1 presents original biographies of those scientists and engineers who were at the vanguard of vacuum technology and whose contributions greatly furthered our knowledge of the production, measurement, and use of vacuum. These include such important figures as Pieter Clausing, Wolfgang Gaede, Irving Langmuir, and Martin Knudsen. Section 2 covers some of the major breakthroughs of the half-century from 1900 to 1960, including reviews of the development of diffusion pumps, molecular-drag pumps, high-vacuum turbopumps, and the quest for ultrahigh vacuum. Finally, Section 3 affords us an opportunity to revisit papers that are now regarded as milestones in vacuum science. Among them are Saul Dushman's 1915 paper, "Theory and Use of the Molecular Gauge", Pieter Clausing's 1932 classic, "The Flow of Highly Rarefied Gases through Tubes of Arbitrary Length", and L.D. Hall's 1958 piece, "Electronic Ultra-High Vacuum Pump". In putting together this work, editor Paul A. Redhead called upon some of the most highly respected names in the field today, including Daniel Alpert, H. Adam, W. Steckelmacher, P.S. Choumoff, Gunter Reich, J.M. Lafferty, and George Wise. For researchers andtechnicians involved in vacuum technology and related fields, and for those interested in the rich history of the field, this anniversary volume will prove both entertaining and informative.

This book presents a broad overview of the issues related to the flow of particles in suspensions. Chapters cover the newest research in advanced theoretical approaches and recent experimental techniques. Topics include macroscopic transport properties, the mechanics of capsules and cells, hydrodynamic diffusion and phase separation.

Contrary to monographs on non-linear optics this book concentrates on problems of self-organization in various important contexts. The reader learns how patterns in non-linear optical systems are created and what theoretical methods can be applied to describe them. Next, various aspects of pattern formation such as associative memory, information processing, spatio-temporal instability, photo refraction, and so on are treated.
The book addresses graduate students and researchers in physics and optical engineering.

Market: Scientists, engineers, and graduate students in vacuum technology. This volume presents numerous techniques developed in the early 1960s for the efficient construction of reliable vacuum seals, and provides critical insights into the design, construction, and assembly of vacuum systems. Extensively researched, this work covers a variety of sealing techniques and design concepts that remain as technologically relevant now as they were nearly three decades ago.

This second, corrected and enlarged edition teaches macroscopic modeling for the design, processing, testing, and control of mechanical components in engineering, and also includes the damage of interfaces and statistical damage analysis with microdefects. The first chapter deals with the phenomenology of damage, while the second couples damage to strains before going on to cover the three-dimensional situation. Chapter 3 is devoted to kinetic laws of damage evolution used by the author to unify many models, and the book is rounded off with several methods for predicting crack initiation. Detailed calculations and many exercises help students to apply the powerful techniques to practical problems in engineering.

Manufacturing processes have existed, in some form, since the dawn of civilization. Modelling and numerical simulation of mechanics of such processes, however, are of fairly recent vintage; made possible, mainly by improved understanding of the fundamental mechanics and physics of these processes as well as by the availability of ever more powerful computers. Our capabilities of designing manufacturing processes, however, significantly lag behind our abilities in simulating such processes. In fact, research in the area of design of manufacturing processes is barely a decade old. Analysis of manufacturing processes, and its integration into the design cycle of these processes, are the dual themes of this book. The boundary element method (BEM) is the computational method of choice. This versatile and powerful method has enjoyed extensive development during the last two decades and has been applied to virtually all areas of engieering mechanics (both linear and nonlinear) as well as in other areas. The BEM infra-structure is presented in Chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapters 2 and 3, respectively provide reviews of the fundamentals of nonlinear and thermal problems. Material and geometric nonlinearities are ubiquitous in manufacturing processes such as forming and machining while thermal issues play significant roles in casting and machining processes. Chapter 4 discusses design sensitivity analysis, and provides an avenue for utilizing insights gained from analysis toward design synthesis of manufacturing processes. Chapters 5 through 9 are devoted to detailed discussions of a broad range of manufacturing processes - forming, solidification, machining, and ceramic grinding. The unique features of this book are its emphasis on numerical simulation as well as on design of manufacturing processes, and the use of the boundary element method as the computational method of choice.

Modern Methods in Analytical Acoustics considers topics fundamental to the understanding of noise, vibration and fluid mechanisms. The series of lectures on which this material is based began by some twenty five years ago and has been developed and expanded ever since. Acknowledged experts in the field have given this course many times in Europe and the USA. Although the scope of the course has widened considerably, the primary aim of teaching analytical techniques of acoustics alongside specific areas of wave motion and unsteady fluid mechanisms remains. The distinguished authors of this volume are drawn from Departments of Acoustics, Engineering of Applied Mathematics in Berlin, Cambridge and London. Their intention is to reach a wider audience of all those concerned with acoustic analysis than has been able to attend the course.

In spite of the current excitement and novelty of magnetic, i.e., diskette, tape and solid state imaging techniques, photographic film still provides the highest resolution and most beautiful images of any imaging medium. This book systematically describes the theory and mechanisms of photographic sensitivity, with topics stressing the understanding of the characteristics of silver halide photography. This book will be suitable for a wide audience, from chemists and physicists who work with silver halide imaging techniques, to those working in solid-state imaging, who need to compare their work with that of silver halide experts.

This book covers the life and 60-year career of Prof. Benjamin Lax (1915-2015), a preeminent physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who played major roles in the development and applications of solid state and plasma physics. In an extensive series of autobiographical interviews, Lax describes the challenges he overcame, the opportunities he embraced, and the many outstanding research physicists he recruited, mentored, and interacted with. He includes both personal and professional reminiscences. Lax begins with his earliest memories of his childhood in Hungary. He recalls the immigration of his family to America and his education in New York City. He describes his Army service as a Radar Officer at the MIT Radiation Laboratory during World War II. He covers his graduate education in physics at MIT, and his building up the semiconductor and ferrite research groups at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in the 1950s. He describes the origins and accomplishments of the MIT Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, of which he was the founding Director, and recalls his tenure as professor in the MIT physics department. Features: Provides a valuable insight into a 60-year career in physics at one of the world's major research universities, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Explores the organization, funding, and conduct of solid state physics research in the second half of the twentieth century Includes a complete bibliography of Lax's publications in an online supplement

Eminent physicist and economist, Robert Ayres, examines the history of technology as a change agent in society, focusing on societal roots rather than technology as an autonomous, self-perpetuating phenomenon. With rare exceptions, technology is developed in response to societal needs that have evolutionary roots and causes. In our genus Homo, language evolved in response to a need for our ancestors to communicate, both in the moment, and to posterity. A band of hunters had no chance in competition with predators that were larger and faster without this type of organization, which eventually gave birth to writing and music. The steam engine did not leap fully formed from the brain of James Watt. It evolved from a need to pump water out of coal mines, driven by a need to burn coal instead of firewood, in turn due to deforestation. Later, the steam engine made machines and mechanization possible. Even quite simple machines increased human productivity by a factor of hundreds, if not thousands. That was the Industrial Revolution. If we count electricity and the automobile as a second industrial revolution, and the digital computer as the beginning of a third, the world is now on the cusp of a fourth revolution led by microbiology. These industrial revolutions have benefited many in the short term, but devastated the Earth's ecosystems. Can technology save the human race from the catastrophic consequences of its past success? That is the question this book will try to answer.

This book covers the life and 60-year career of Prof. Benjamin Lax (1915-2015), a preeminent physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who played major roles in the development and applications of solid state and plasma physics. In an extensive series of autobiographical interviews, Lax describes the challenges he overcame, the opportunities he embraced, and the many outstanding research physicists he recruited, mentored, and interacted with. He includes both personal and professional reminiscences. Lax begins with his earliest memories of his childhood in Hungary. He recalls the immigration of his family to America and his education in New York City. He describes his Army service as a Radar Officer at the MIT Radiation Laboratory during World War II. He covers his graduate education in physics at MIT, and his building up the semiconductor and ferrite research groups at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in the 1950s. He describes the origins and accomplishments of the MIT Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, of which he was the founding Director, and recalls his tenure as professor in the MIT physics department. Features: Provides a valuable insight into a 60-year career in physics at one of the world's major research universities, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Explores the organization, funding, and conduct of solid state physics research in the second half of the twentieth century Includes a complete bibliography of Lax's publications in an online supplement

This book describes the stage-by-stage creation, from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, of one of the greatest human artifacts--the world communication, broadcasting, and information technology systems which are essential to modern life and which will transform the ways in which people live and work in the future. The significance of each innovative step is shown in terms of its impact--in scale and relevance on today's communication world. A final chapter looks to the future and considers the ability of information technology and information superhighways to improve rural, urban, and national economies. The author presents his account of the dramatic advances in telecommunications and broadcasting as essentially a human story.Bray takes a compelling look at the brilliant minds and personalities who helped launch the electronic revolution. He provides remarkable accounts of the early scientists and mathematicians such as Ampere, Faraday, Maxwell, Hertz, and Planck--exploring their backgrounds and motivations. In giving us this perspective, John Bray has a unique advantage. As a world-renowned scientist and pioneer in British telecommunication technology, he himself was a principal player in the subject of his narrative. It would be hard to find any person more qualified to undertake a task as monumental in scale and importance.

This volume grew out of a workshop designed to bring together researchers from different fields and includes contributions from workers in Bayesian analysis, machine learning, neural nets, PAC and VC theory, classical sampling theory statistics and the statistical physics of learning. The contributions present a bird's-eye view of the subject.

For over half a century, an increasing number of satellites have fragmented in orbit, creating a large amount of hazardous orbital debris which threaten the safety of useful functioning satellites and space missions. This book discusses the theory behind these fragmentations followed by studies of actual cases.The book begins with a survey of satellite fragmentations in orbit and the consequent formation of orbital debris in chronological order. Next, the fundamental physical processes underlying satellite fragmentations are outlined and the methods of analyzing satellite fragmentations presented. The rest of the book presents analyses of the major satellite fragmentation events including accidental and intentional breakups, those due to explosions and collisions, as well as those belonging to the unknown category.

Explaining the chromatic methodology for the intelligent monitoring of complex systems, Chromatic Monitoring of Complex Conditions demonstrates that chromatic processing is analogous to human vision yet also extends into a wide range of nonoptical domains. Taking a practical approach that utilizes many examples and graphs, the book presents the origin and methodology of chromaticity, before delving into the various applications of chromatic methods. It first describes characteristics of chromatic systems and chromatic processing algorithms, such as H, S, V transformation and basic x, y, z algorithms. The book then discusses the areas in which chromatic monitoring can be deployed, including electrical plasmas, industrial liquids, broadband interferometry and polarimetry, biological tissues and fluids, the environment, and acoustical and vibration signals. With contributions from international authorities in the field, this volume shows how chromatic analysis is useful for investigating diverse complex systems and for processing large amounts of information about system behavior, from direct physical parameters to holistic system overviews. By covering the broad capabilities of the methodology, it provides the basis for adapting chromatic techniques in future work.