This work summarises the salient features of current and planned experiments into multiquark hadrons, describing various inroads to accommodate them within a theoretical framework. At a pedagogical level, authors review the salient aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, which has been brought to the fore by high-energy physics experiments over recent decades. Compact diquarks as building blocks of a new spectroscopy are presented and confronted with alternative explanations of the XYZ resonances. Ways to distinguish among theoretical alternatives are illustrated, to be tested with the help of high luminosity LHC, electron-positron colliders, and the proposed Tera-Z colliders. Non-perturbative treatments of multiquark hadrons, such as large N expansion, lattice QCD simulations, and predictions about doubly heavy multiquarks are reviewed in considerable detail. With a broad appeal across high-energy physics, this work is pertinent to researchers focused on experiments, phenomenology or lattice QCD.

Changes and additions to the new edition of this classic textbook include a new chapter on symmetries, new problems and examples, improved explanations, more numerical problems to be worked on a computer, new applications to solid state physics, and consolidated treatment of time-dependent potentials.

This book addresses the question 'What is physics for?' Physics has provided many answers for mankind by extending his ability to see. Modern technology has enabled the power of physics to see into objects to be used in archaeology, medicine including therapy, geophysics, forensics and other spheres important to the good of society. The book looks at the fundamental physics of the various methods and how they are used by technology. These methods are magnetic resonance, ionising radiation and sound. By taking a broad view over the whole field it encourages comparisons, but also addresses questions of risk and benefit to society from a fundamental viewpoint. This textbook has developed from a course given to third year students at Oxford and is written so that it can be used coherently as a basis for shortened courses by omitting a number of chapters.

This book is designed as a self-teaching, calculus-based introduction to the concepts of physics. Numerous examples, applications, and figures provide readers with simple explanations. Standard topics include vectors, conservation of energy, Newton's Laws, momentum, motion, gravity, relativity, waves, fluid mechanics, and more. Features: Designed as a calculus-based introduction to the concepts of physics; Includes numerous examples, applications, and figures to provide readers with simple explanations.

CHOICE Recommended Title, June 2019 Brought together in one focused and exclusive treatment, this book provides an elementary introduction to the important role and use of the least action principle and the resulting Lagrange's equations in the analysis of the laws that govern the universe. It is an ideal complimentary resource to accompany undergraduate courses and textbooks on classical mechanics. Features: Uses mathematics accessible to beginners Brings together the Principle of Least Action, Lagrange's equations, and variational principles in mechanics in one cohesive text Written in a clear and easy-to-understand manner

The vital interconnections that rivers share with the land, the sky, and us Rivers are essential to civilization and even life itself, yet how many of us truly understand how they work? Why do rivers run where they do? Where do their waters actually come from? How can the same river flood one year and then dry up the next? Where the River Flows takes you on a majestic journey along the planet's waterways, providing a scientist's reflections on the vital interconnections that rivers share with the land, the sky, and us. Sean Fleming draws on examples ranging from common backyard creeks to powerful and evocative rivers like the Mississippi, Yangtze, Thames, and Congo. Each chapter looks at a particular aspect of rivers through the lens of applied physics, using abundant graphics and intuitive analogies to explore the surprising connections between watershed hydrology and the world around us. Fleming explains how river flows fluctuate like stock markets, what "digital rainbows" can tell us about climate change and its effects on water supply, how building virtual watersheds in silicon may help avoid the predicted water wars of the twenty-first century, and much more. Along the way, you will learn what some of the most exciting ideas in science--such as communications theory, fractals, and even artificial life--reveal about the life of rivers. Where the River Flows offers a new understanding of the profound interrelationships that rivers have with landscapes, ecosystems, and societies, and shows how startling new insights are possible when scientists are willing to think outside the disciplinary box.

With the development of potent x-ray sources at many synchrotron laboratories worldwide, Compton scattering has become a standard tool for studying electron densities in materials. This book provides condensed matter and materials physicists with an authoritative, up-to-date, and very accessible account of the Compton scattering method, leading to a fundamental understanding of the electrical and magnetic properties of solid materials. The spectrum of Compton scattered x-rays is particularly sensitive to this behavior and thus can be used as a direct probe and to test the predictions of theory. The current generation of synchrotron facilities allows this method to be readily exploited to study the ground state electron density in both elements and in complex compounds. It is important that those working in related fields, as well as the increasing number directly using the Compton method, have a comprehensive assessment of what is now possible and how to achieve it, in addition to a full understanding of its theoretical basis. This monograph is unique and timely, since little of what is described, was practicable a decade ago. The development of synchrotron radiation facilities has ensured that the technique described here will remain a powerful probe of electron charge and spin density for many years to come.

Most books concerned with physics and music take an approach that puts physical theory before application. Consequently, these works tend to dampen aesthetic fascination with preludes burdened by an overabundance of algebraic formulae. In Measured Tones: The Interplay of Physics and Music Third Edition, Ian Johnston a professor of astrophysics and a connoisseur of music, offers an informal historical approach that shows the evolution of both theory and application at the intersection of physics and music. Exceptionally accessible, insightful, and now updated to consider modern technology and recent advances, the new edition of this critically acclaimed and bestselling classic

• Features a greater examination of psycho-acoustics and its role in the design of MP3s
• Includes expanded information on the gamelan and other Asian percussion instruments
• Introduces detailed discussions of binary notation, digitization, and electronic manipulation of music

We believe that order exists, and we look for it. In that respect the aims of science and of music are identical the desire to find harmony. And surely, without that very human desire, science would be a cold and sterile undertaking.

With myriad illustrations and historical anecdotes, this volume will delight those student required to approach this topic from either a physics and music concentration, as well as anyone who is fascinated with concepts of harmony expressed in nature, as well as in the instruments and composition of human expression s purest form.

A complementary website provides sound files, further reading, and instructional support.

Tsunamis are long water waves generated by impulsive geophysical motions of the seafloor. They inflict significant damage and casualties both near-field and after evolving over long propagation distances and impacting distant coastlines. They can also affect geomorphologic changes along the coast. Tsunamis can be triggered by sea floor deformation, landslides, slumps, subsidence, volcanic eruptions and bolide impacts. Understanding tsunami generation is of paramount importance for protecting coastal populations at risk, coastal structures and the natural environment. generation, so that adequate discrimination of their sources from coastal inundation data is difficult. The accurate and reliable prediction of the initial waveform and the associated coastal effects of tsunamis remains one of the most vexing problems in geophysics, and - with few exceptions - has resisted routine numerical computation or off-the-shelf solutions. with contributions ranging from basic and applied science to coastal zone management. It is aimed at tsunami scientists, coastal and ocean engineers, marine geologists and geophysicists, planners and policy makers, and coastal zone managers seeking to better understand and mitigate the coastal impact of tsunamis.

Dynamics, motion, and sensation are karate's connective tissueand they are the heart of this book. As a lifelong student of martial arts, J. D. Swanson, PhD, had searched through piles of books on form and function. Stand here, they said. Step there. But where movement was concerned, not one of them went deep enough. No one discussed dynamicsthe actual feeling of the moves. Martial instruction, both in print and in person, tends to focus on stances and finishing positions. But dynamics, motion, sensation ...they are karate's connective tissueand they are the heart of this book. Karate Science: Dynamic Movement will help you understand the mechanics of the human body. Swanson describes these principles in incredible detail, drawing on examples from several styles of karate, as well as aikido, taekwondo, and judo. Whatever your martial background, applying this knowledge will make your techniques better, stronger, and faster. *Understand the major types of techniques, including their outward appearances and internal feelings.*Master the core principles behind these feelings.*Learn the biomechanics and dynamics of core movement. Karate Science: Dynamic Movementis filled with examples, anecdotes, and beautiful illustrations. Although Shotokan karate is the author's frame of reference, the principles of human mechanics translate to all martial styles. This book features *Clear and insightful explanations of dynamic movement.*Over 100 illustrations.*Profound but accessible analysis of the kihon, or fundamentals of Shotokan karate. Karate Science: Dynamic Movement is rooted in the teachings of the masters," Swanson says. This book nucleates that knowledge, clarifying and distilling the key principles behind movement dynamics. This is the next evolution of karate books."

The International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD) is the merger of the International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics (ICNMFD) and the International Symposium on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ISCFD). It is held every two years and brings together physicists, mathematicians and engineers to review and share recent advances in mathematical and computational techniques for modeling fluid dynamics. The proceedings contain a selection of refereed contributions and are meant to serve as a source of reference for all those interested in the state of the art in computational fluid dynamics.

Pulsed laser-based techniques for depositing and processing materials are an important area of modern experimental and theoretical scientific research and development, with promising, challenging opportunities in the fields of nanofabrication and nanostructuring. Understanding the interplay between deposition/processing conditions, laser parameters, as well as material properties and dimensionality is demanding for improved fundamental knowledge and novel applications. This book introduces and discusses the basic principles of pulsed laser-matter interaction, with a focus on its peculiarities and perspectives compared to other conventional techniques and state-of-the-art applications. The book starts with an overview of the growth topics, followed by a discussion of laser-matter interaction depending on laser pulse duration, background conditions, materials, and combination of materials and structures. The information outlines the foundation to introduce examples of laser nanostructuring/processing of materials, pointing out the importance of pulsed laser-based technologies in modern (nano)science. With respect to similar texts and monographs, the book offers a comprehensive review including bottom-up and top-down laser-induced processes for nanoparticles and nanomicrostructure generation. Theoretical models are discussed by correlation with advanced experimental protocols in order to account for the fundamentals and underline physical mechanisms of laser-matter interaction. Reputed, internationally recognized experts in the field have contributed to this book. In particular, this book is suitable for a reader (graduate students as well as postgraduates and more generally researchers) new to the subject of pulsed laser ablation in order to gain physical insight into and advanced knowledge of mechanisms and processes involved in any deposition/processing experiment based on pulsed laser-matter interaction. Since knowledge in the field is given step by step comprehensively, this book serves as a valid introduction to the field as well as a foundation for further specific readings.

This book provides systematic coverage of the beam-based techniques that accelerator physicists use to improve the performance of large particle accelerators, including synchrotrons and linacs. It begins by discussing the basic principles of accelerators, before exploring the various error sources in accelerators and their impact on the machine's performances. The book then demonstrates the latest developments of beam-based correction techniques that can be used to address such errors and covers the new and expanding area of beam-based optimization. This book is an ideal, accessible reference book for physicists working on accelerator design and operation, and for postgraduate studying accelerator physics. Features: Entirely self-contained, exploring the theoretic background, including algorithm descriptions, and providing application guidance Accompanied by source codes of the main algorithms and sample codes online Uses real-life accelerator problems to illustrate principles, enabling readers to apply techniques to their own problems Xiaobiao Huang is an accelerator physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, USA. He graduated from Tsinghua University with a Bachelor of Science in Physics and a Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science in 1999. He earned a PhD in Accelerator Physics from Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA, in 2005. He spent three years on thesis research work at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory from 2003-2005. He has worked at SLAC as a staff scientist since 2006. He became Accelerator Physics Group Leader of the SPEAR3 Division, Accelerator Directorate in 2015. His research work in accelerator physics ranges from beam dynamics, accelerator design, and accelerator modelling and simulation to beam based measurements, accelerator control, and accelerator optimization. He has taught several courses at US Particle Accelerator School (USPAS), including Beam Based Diagnostics, Accelerator Physics, Advanced Accelerator Physics, and Special Topics in Accelerator Physics.

This book is a very simple introduction for those who would like to learn about the particle accelerators or 'atom-smashers' used in hospitals, industry and large research institutes where physicists probe deep into the nature of matter itself. The reader with a basic knowledge of mathematics and physics will discover a wide spectrum of technologies.

'Einstein did not attempt to explain the constancy of the velocity of light: he assumed it and derived his theories accordingly. But we have explained it.' -- from Chapter 8 of Space and Counterspace Many people feel alienated by modern science and its impersonal view of our world, based on the concept of the 'detached observer'. Our human intuitions suggest that we need a broader-based science which can encompass phenomena currently excluded, such as human consciousness, qualities and values. In this groundbreaking book, Nick Thomas presents a wider view of science using the theory of 'counterspace'. Counterspace exists alongside space as we know it, and was first proposed by Rudolf Steiner, and developed by the Cambridge mathematician George Adams. Through its startling lens, key aspects of our world -- such as gravity, time, light and colour, as well as the stars, the solar system, and the classical elements -- can be viewed and understood in dynamically new ways. Thomas's work and ideas are on the cusp of a true revolution in the way modern scientific method can penetrate even deeper into the mysteries of our natural world.

This book is an account on the thermomechanical behaviour of granular and porous materials and deals with experiments, theoretical deduction of macroscale equations by means of averaging from microscale properties, embedding the macroscopic description into a continuum-thermodynamical and statistical context and analysis of solutions of macroscopic models by numerical techniques. It addresses itself to engineers (chemical, civil, mechanical) applied mathematicians and physicists at the advanced student or Ph. D. level at universities, research centres and in industry.

Presents a new physical and mathematical theory of irreversible deformations and ductile fracture of metals that acknowledges the continuous change in the structure of materials during deformation and the accumulation of deformation damage. Plastic deformation, viscous destruction, evolution of structure, creep processes, and long-term strength of metals and stress relaxation are described in the framework of a unified approach and model. The author then expands this into a mathematical model for determining the mechanical characteristics of quasi-samples of standard mechanical properties in deformed semi-finished products.

This book presents a complete and comprehensive analysis of the behaviour of granular materials including the description of experimental results, the different ways to define the global behaviour from local phenomena at the particle scale, the various modellings which can be used for a D.E.M. analysis to solve practical problems and finally the analysis of strain localisation. The concepts developed in this book are applicable to many kinds of granular materials considered in civil, mechanical or chemical engineering.

It is altogether fitting that the American Vacuum Society commemorate its 40th anniversary by paying tribute to the pioneers who laid the foundations of modern vacuum science. Through new biographies and historical reviews, and reprints of seminal papers, Vacuum Science and Technology: Pioneers of the 20th Century gives us a fresh appreciation for the groundbreaking work done in the first part of this century. This volume begins with a brief history of the AVS by former Westinghouse researcher Jack Singleton. Section 1 presents original biographies of those scientists and engineers who were at the vanguard of vacuum technology and whose contributions greatly furthered our knowledge of the production, measurement, and use of vacuum. These include such important figures as Pieter Clausing, Wolfgang Gaede, Irving Langmuir, and Martin Knudsen. Section 2 covers some of the major breakthroughs of the half-century from 1900 to 1960, including reviews of the development of diffusion pumps, molecular-drag pumps, high-vacuum turbopumps, and the quest for ultrahigh vacuum. Finally, Section 3 affords us an opportunity to revisit papers that are now regarded as milestones in vacuum science. Among them are Saul Dushman's 1915 paper, "Theory and Use of the Molecular Gauge", Pieter Clausing's 1932 classic, "The Flow of Highly Rarefied Gases through Tubes of Arbitrary Length", and L.D. Hall's 1958 piece, "Electronic Ultra-High Vacuum Pump". In putting together this work, editor Paul A. Redhead called upon some of the most highly respected names in the field today, including Daniel Alpert, H. Adam, W. Steckelmacher, P.S. Choumoff, Gunter Reich, J.M. Lafferty, and George Wise. For researchers andtechnicians involved in vacuum technology and related fields, and for those interested in the rich history of the field, this anniversary volume will prove both entertaining and informative.

This book presents a broad overview of the issues related to the flow of particles in suspensions. Chapters cover the newest research in advanced theoretical approaches and recent experimental techniques. Topics include macroscopic transport properties, the mechanics of capsules and cells, hydrodynamic diffusion and phase separation.

Contrary to monographs on non-linear optics this book concentrates on problems of self-organization in various important contexts. The reader learns how patterns in non-linear optical systems are created and what theoretical methods can be applied to describe them. Next, various aspects of pattern formation such as associative memory, information processing, spatio-temporal instability, photo refraction, and so on are treated.
The book addresses graduate students and researchers in physics and optical engineering.

Market: Scientists, engineers, and graduate students in vacuum technology. This volume presents numerous techniques developed in the early 1960s for the efficient construction of reliable vacuum seals, and provides critical insights into the design, construction, and assembly of vacuum systems. Extensively researched, this work covers a variety of sealing techniques and design concepts that remain as technologically relevant now as they were nearly three decades ago.

This second, corrected and enlarged edition teaches macroscopic modeling for the design, processing, testing, and control of mechanical components in engineering, and also includes the damage of interfaces and statistical damage analysis with microdefects. The first chapter deals with the phenomenology of damage, while the second couples damage to strains before going on to cover the three-dimensional situation. Chapter 3 is devoted to kinetic laws of damage evolution used by the author to unify many models, and the book is rounded off with several methods for predicting crack initiation. Detailed calculations and many exercises help students to apply the powerful techniques to practical problems in engineering.

Manufacturing processes have existed, in some form, since the dawn of civilization. Modelling and numerical simulation of mechanics of such processes, however, are of fairly recent vintage; made possible, mainly by improved understanding of the fundamental mechanics and physics of these processes as well as by the availability of ever more powerful computers. Our capabilities of designing manufacturing processes, however, significantly lag behind our abilities in simulating such processes. In fact, research in the area of design of manufacturing processes is barely a decade old. Analysis of manufacturing processes, and its integration into the design cycle of these processes, are the dual themes of this book. The boundary element method (BEM) is the computational method of choice. This versatile and powerful method has enjoyed extensive development during the last two decades and has been applied to virtually all areas of engieering mechanics (both linear and nonlinear) as well as in other areas. The BEM infra-structure is presented in Chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapters 2 and 3, respectively provide reviews of the fundamentals of nonlinear and thermal problems. Material and geometric nonlinearities are ubiquitous in manufacturing processes such as forming and machining while thermal issues play significant roles in casting and machining processes. Chapter 4 discusses design sensitivity analysis, and provides an avenue for utilizing insights gained from analysis toward design synthesis of manufacturing processes. Chapters 5 through 9 are devoted to detailed discussions of a broad range of manufacturing processes - forming, solidification, machining, and ceramic grinding. The unique features of this book are its emphasis on numerical simulation as well as on design of manufacturing processes, and the use of the boundary element method as the computational method of choice.

Modern Methods in Analytical Acoustics considers topics fundamental to the understanding of noise, vibration and fluid mechanisms. The series of lectures on which this material is based began by some twenty five years ago and has been developed and expanded ever since. Acknowledged experts in the field have given this course many times in Europe and the USA. Although the scope of the course has widened considerably, the primary aim of teaching analytical techniques of acoustics alongside specific areas of wave motion and unsteady fluid mechanisms remains. The distinguished authors of this volume are drawn from Departments of Acoustics, Engineering of Applied Mathematics in Berlin, Cambridge and London. Their intention is to reach a wider audience of all those concerned with acoustic analysis than has been able to attend the course.