Why do elephants have sturdier thigh bones than humans? Why can't ostriches fly? How do bacteria swim through fluids? With each chapter structured around relevant biological case studies and examples, this engaging, full-colour book introduces fundamental physical concepts essential in the study of biological phenomena. Optics is introduced within the context of butterfly wing colouration, electricity is explained through the propagation of nerve signals, and accelerated motion is conveniently illustrated using the example of the jumping armadillo. Other key physical concepts covered include waves, mechanical forces, thermodynamics and magnetism, and important biological techniques are also discussed within this context, such as gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy. A detailed appendix provides further discussion of the mathematical concepts utilised within the book, and numerous exercises and quizzes allow readers to test their understanding of key concepts. This book is invaluable to students aiming to improve their quantitative and analytical skills and understand the deeper nature of biological phenomena.

This book provides an introduction to quantum cascade lasers, including the basic underlying models used to describe the device. It aims at giving a synthetic view of the topic including the aspects of the physics, the technology, and the use of the device. It should also provide a guide for the application engineer to use this device in systems. The book is based on lecture notes of a class given for Masters and beginning PhD students. The idea is to provide an introduction to the new and exciting developments that intersubband transitions have brought to the use of the mid-infrared and terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The book provides an introductory part to each topic so that it can be used in a self-contained way, while references to the literature will allow deeper studies for further research.

This textbook is a follow-up to the volume Principles of Engineering Physics 1 and aims for an introductory course in engineering physics. It provides a balance between theoretical concepts and their applications. Fundamental concepts of crystal structure including lattice directions and planes, atomic packing factor, diffraction by crystal, reciprocal lattics and intensity of diffracted beam are extensively discussed in the book. The book also covers topics related to superconductivity, optoelectronic devices, dielectric materials, semiconductors, electron theory of solids and energy bands in solids. The text is written in a logical and coherent manner for easy understanding by students. Emphasis has been given to an understanding of the basic concepts and their applications to a number of engineering problems. Each topic is discussed in detail both conceptually and mathematically, so that students will not face comprehension difficulties. Derivations and solved problems are provided in a step-by-step approach.

Covers the basic principles and theories of engineering physics and offers a balance between theoretical concepts and their applications. It is designed as a textbook for an introductory course in engineering physics. Beginning with a comprehensive discussion on oscillations and waves with applications in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering, it goes on to explain the basic concepts such as Huygen's principle, Fresnel's biprism, Fraunhofer diffraction and polarization. Emphasis has been given to an understanding of the basic concepts and their applications to a number of engineering problems. Each topic has been discussed in detail, both conceptually and mathematically. Pedagogical features including solved problems, unsolved exercised and multiple choice questions are interspersed throughout the book. This will help undergraduate students of engineering acquire skills for solving difficult problems in quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, nanoscience, energy systems and other engineering disciplines.

This book addresses the question 'What is physics for?' Physics has provided many answers for mankind by extending his ability to see. Modern technology has enabled the power of physics to see into objects to be used in archaeology, medicine including therapy, geophysics, forensics and other< br> spheres important to the good of society. The book looks at the fundamental physics of the various methods and how they are used by technology. These methods are magnetic resonance, ionising radiation and sound. By taking a broad view over the whole field it encourages comparisons, but also< br> addresses questions of risk and benefit to society from a fundamental viewpoint. This textbook has developed from a course given to third year students at Oxford and is written so that it can be used coherently as a basis for shortened courses by omitting a number of chapters.

This book gives an introduction to computational plasticity and includes the kinematics of large deformations, together with relevant continuum mechanics. Central to the book is its focus on computational plasticity, and we cover an introduction to the finite element method which includes both quasi-static and dynamic problems. We then go on to describe explicit and implicit implementations of plasticity models in to finite element software. Throughout the book, we describe the general, multiaxial form of the theory but uniquely, wherever possible, reduce the equations to their simplest, uniaxial form to develop understanding of the general theory and we hope physical insight. We provide several examples of implicit and explicit implementations of von Mises time-independent and visco-plasticity in to the commercial code ABAQUS (including the fortran coding), which should prove invaluable to research students and practicing engineers developing ABAQUS 'UMATs'. The book bridges the gap between undergraduate material on plasticity and existing advanced texts on nonlinear computational mechanics, which makes it ideal for students and practicing engineers alike. It introduces a range of engineering applications, including superplasticity, porous plasticity, cyclic plasticity and thermo-mechanical fatigue, to emphasize the subject's relevance and importance.

This book, divided in two volumes, originates from Techno-Societal 2020: the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications, Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations. The focus of this volume is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as sensor and ICT based technologies for the betterment of people, Technologies for agriculture and healthcare, micro and nano technological applications. This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This offers a multidisciplinary platform for researchers from a broad range of disciplines of Science, Engineering and Technology for reporting innovations at different levels.

This essential provides an overview of the changes in our climate, their causes and their consequences. Today, humanity's energy needs are largely met in ways that are harmful to the climate. The alternative to this, solar energy, would satisfy our needs thousands of times over. But this option is far too little used for mainly economic reasons. This essential then discusses the energy converters that can be used to make solar energy available. Some other modern energy sources, such as nuclear power, are either inadequate, still utopian, or otherwise environmentally harmful. An outlook shows that our energy problem could easily be solved with economic reason by global use of solar energy. The climate could thus still be stabilized in time. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Unser Klima und das Energieproblem by Klaus Stierstadt, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

This book presents peer-reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Trends in Modern Physics (TiMP 2021) held at Assam Don Bosco University in Guwahati, India, between February 26 and 27, 2021. This conference was the 3rd in a series of annual conferences of the Department of Physics, ADBU, with the 1st and 2nd being national conferences. The conference was jointly organized by the Department of Physics, ADBU, and the Indian Association of Physics Teachers (IAPT) to promote greater synergy between thematic areas of astrophysics and cosmology, plasma physics, material and nanophysics, nuclear physics, and particle physics

This book presents state-of-the-art millimetre wave antennas for next generation 5G communications. The propagation losses associated with the millimetre waves and the signal blockage due to the objects present between transmitter and receiver require novel antenna topologies to address these issues. Various aspects of antenna design related to millimetre wave 5G communication including 28-GHz channel characteristics, mmWave antenna requirements, antenna design strategies for 28 GHz, MIMO/multibeam antennas, and mmWave lens antennas are highlighted. Apart from the general antenna requirements and study related to the 28 GHz frequency band, various new metamaterial-based antennas employing uniaxial or biaxial anisotropic media that enhance the antenna radiation performance are covered in detail. In addition, various new antenna systems such as wide-scan antenna arrays, dual-polarized antennas, and dual-beam/multibeam antennas are covered in this book. The book concludes with the glimpses of the millimetre wave lens antennas and the design of very thin planar metamaterial lens for 5G massive MIMO applications.

Principles of Metal Refining and Recycling provides a self-contained introduction to the field of purification and recycling of metals. The scientific principles in the treatment of the various metals are the same. The importance of using a clean and properly alloyed metal is described in detail. The text covers thermodynamics, physical and transport properties, mixing, mass transfer and numerical models. It describes methods for removal of dissolved impurity elements, particles, and inclusions. It considers important aspects of the solidification process, remelting and adding of alloys. Recycling, future challenges and specific processes for each metal are discussed in detail. The book is a greatly extended update of the 1992 book Principles of Metal Refining by T. Abel Engh. It includes in particular the subjects of metal recycling, ferrous and non-ferrous metal refining, and metalloids like silicon.

Not so if the book has been translated into Arabic. Now the reader can discern no meaning in the letters. The text conveys almost no information to the reader, yet the linguistic informa tion contained by the book is virtually the same as in the English original. The reader, familiar with books will still recognise two things, however: First, that the book is a book. Second, that the squiggles on the page represent a pattern of abstractions which probably makes sense to someone who understands the mean ing of those squiggles. Therefore, the book as such, will still have some meaning for the English reader, even if the content of the text has none. Let us go to a more extreme case. Not a book, but a stone, or a rock with engravings in an ancient language no longer under stood by anyone alive. Does such a stone not contain human information even if it is not decipherable? Suppose at some point in the future, basic knowledge about linguistics and clever computer aids allow us to decipher it? Or suppose someone discovers the equivalent of a Rosetta stone which allows us to translate it into a known language, and then into English? Can one really say that the stone contained no information prior to translation? It is possible to argue that the stone, prior to deciphering contained only latent information."

This book provides readers with a 360-degree perspective on the Internet of Things (IoT) design and M2M communication process. It is intended to be used as a design guide for the development of IoT solutions, covering architecture, design, and development methods. This book examines applications such as industry automation for Industry 4.0, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), and Internet of Services (IoS) as it is unfolding. Discussions on engineering fundamentals are limited to what is required for the realization of IoT solutions. Internet of Things and M2M Communication Technologies: Architecture and Practical Design Approach to IoT in Industry 4.0 is written by an industry veteran with more than 30 years of hands-on experience. It is an invaluable guide for electrical, electronic, computer science, and information science engineers who aspire to be IoT designers and an authoritative reference for practicing designers working on IoT device development. Provides complete design approach to develop IoT solutions; Includes reference designs and guidance on relevant standards compliance; Addresses design for manufacturability and business models.

This second edition presents the advances made in finance market analysis since 2005. The book provides a careful introduction to stochastic methods along with approximate ensembles for a single, historic time series. The new edition explains the history leading up to the biggest economic disaster of the 21st century. Empirical evidence for finance market instability under deregulation is given, together with a history of the explosion of the US Dollar worldwide. A model shows how bounds set by a central bank stabilized FX in the gold standard era, illustrating the effect of regulations. The book presents economic and finance theory thoroughly and critically, including rational expectations, cointegration and arch/garch methods, and replaces several of those misconceptions by empirically based ideas. This book will be of interest to finance theorists, traders, economists, physicists and engineers, and leads the reader to the frontier of research in time series analysis.

This book, divided in two volumes, originates from Techno-Societal 2020: the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications, Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations. The focus of this volume is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as advanced and sustainable technologies for manufacturing processes, environment, livelihood, rural employment, agriculture, energy, transport, sanitation, water, education. This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This offers a multidisciplinary platform for researchers from a broad range of disciplines of Science, Engineering and Technology for reporting innovations at different levels.

This is a self-contained, highly readable introduction to a new field of applied physics that makes use of non-linear optics in the design of new all-optical circuits. The book primarily considers third-order non-linear optical phenomena in layered structures, guiding interfaces, and channel waveguides, particularly focusing on the concepts of energy dependent periodicity, gyrotropy, reflection, mode conversion, and non-reciprocity. Non-Linear Pulses in Integrated and Waveguide Optics is an indispensable text for those requiring a structured explanation of the phenomena as well as information about the latest advances in a new generation of devices. Researchers, designers, users, and students of non-linear integrated optics will welcome this book.

Eminent physicist and economist, Robert Ayres, examines the history of technology as a change agent in society, focusing on societal roots rather than technology as an autonomous, self-perpetuating phenomenon. With rare exceptions, technology is developed in response to societal needs that have evolutionary roots and causes. In our genus Homo, language evolved in response to a need for our ancestors to communicate, both in the moment, and to posterity. A band of hunters had no chance in competition with predators that were larger and faster without this type of organization, which eventually gave birth to writing and music. The steam engine did not leap fully formed from the brain of James Watt. It evolved from a need to pump water out of coal mines, driven by a need to burn coal instead of firewood, in turn due to deforestation. Later, the steam engine made machines and mechanization possible. Even quite simple machines increased human productivity by a factor of hundreds, if not thousands. That was the Industrial Revolution. If we count electricity and the automobile as a second industrial revolution, and the digital computer as the beginning of a third, the world is now on the cusp of a fourth revolution led by microbiology. These industrial revolutions have benefited many in the short term, but devastated the Earth's ecosystems. Can technology save the human race from the catastrophic consequences of its past success? That is the question this book will try to answer.

This book highlights leading-edge research in multi-disciplinary areas in Physics, Engineering, Medicine, and Health care, from the 6th IRC Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (IRC-SET 2020) held in July 2020 at Singapore. The papers were shortlisted after extensive rounds of reviews by a panel of esteemed individuals who are pioneers in their domains. The book also contains excerpts of the speeches by eminent personalities who graced the occasion, thereby providing written documentation of the event.

This book highlights the innovative applications of electromagnetics, optics, thermodynamics theories in creating methods for physical-layer collision prevention- "physical anti-collision" in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. Using engineering mathematical methods as the core of detection and control algorithm design, it proposes semi-physical verification and detection techniques to the dynamic performance testing in RFID systems. The book also introduces the methods to build semi-physical hardware platforms using photoelectric sensing technology. The book provides valuable ideas to the applications of Internet of Things (IOT) systems in smart logistics, car networking, food traceability, anti-counterfeiting and other livelihood fields. It is worth reading for all researchers in IOT and optoelectronic engineering related industries.

This book presents the latest knowledge of the newly discovered Earth-like exoplanets and reviews improvements in both radio and optical SETI. A key aim is to stimulate fresh discussion on algorithms that will be of high value in this extremely complicated search. Exoplanets resembling Earth could well be able to sustain life and support the evolution of technological civilizations, but to date, all searches for such life forms have proved fruitless. The failings of SETI observations are well recognized, and a new search approach is necessary. In this book, different detection algorithms that exploit state-of-the-art, low-cost, and extremely fast multiprocessors are examined and compared. Novel methods such as the agnostic entropy and high-sensitivity blind signal extraction algorithms should represent a quantum leap forward in SETI. The book is of interest to all researchers in the field and hopefully stimulates significant progress in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

This book is a primer on the interplay between plasma and materials in a fusion reactor, so-called plasma-materials interactions (PMIs), highlighting materials and their influence on plasma through PMI. It aims to demonstrate that a plasma-facing surface (PFS) responds actively to fusion plasma and that the clarifying nature of PFS is indispensable to understanding the influence of PFS on plasma. It describes the modern insight into PMI, namely, relevant feedback to plasma performance from plasma-facing material (PFM) on changes in a material surface by plasma power load by radiation and particles, contrary to a conventional view that unilateral influence from plasma on PFM is dominant in PMI. There are many books and reviews on PMI in the context of plasma physics, that is, how plasma or plasma confinement works in PMI. By contrast, this book features a materials aspect in PMI focusing on changes caused by heat and particle load from plasma: how PFMs are changed by plasma exposure and then, accordingly, how the changed PFM interacts with plasma.

This book is about the strategic relevance of quantum technologies. It debates the military-specific aspects of this technology. Various chapters of this book cohere around two specific themes. The first theme discusses the global pattern of ongoing civilian and military research on quantum computers, quantum cryptography, quantum communications and quantum internet. The second theme explicitly identifies the relevance of these technologies in the military domain and the possible nature of quantum technology-based weapons. This thread further debates on quantum (arms) race at a global level in general, and in the context of the USA and China, in particular. The book argues that the defence utility of these technologies is increasingly becoming obvious and is likely to change the nature of warfare in the future.

This book, divided in two volumes, originates from Techno-Societal 2020: the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications, Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations. The focus of this volume is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as sensor and ICT based technologies for the betterment of people, Technologies for agriculture and healthcare, micro and nano technological applications. This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This offers a multidisciplinary platform for researchers from a broad range of disciplines of Science, Engineering and Technology for reporting innovations at different levels.

'Einstein did not attempt to explain the constancy of the velocity of light: he assumed it and derived his theories accordingly. But we have explained it.' -- from Chapter 8 of Space and Counterspace Many people feel alienated by modern science and its impersonal view of our world, based on the concept of the 'detached observer'. Our human intuitions suggest that we need a broader-based science which can encompass phenomena currently excluded, such as human consciousness, qualities and values. In this groundbreaking book, Nick Thomas presents a wider view of science using the theory of 'counterspace'. Counterspace exists alongside space as we know it, and was first proposed by Rudolf Steiner, and developed by the Cambridge mathematician George Adams. Through its startling lens, key aspects of our world -- such as gravity, time, light and colour, as well as the stars, the solar system, and the classical elements -- can be viewed and understood in dynamically new ways. Thomas's work and ideas are on the cusp of a true revolution in the way modern scientific method can penetrate even deeper into the mysteries of our natural world.

Plasmonics is a highly dynamic field, and a number of researchers and scientists from other disciplines have become involved in it. This book presents the most widely employed approaches to plasmonics and the numerous applications associated with it. There are several underlying elements in plasmonics research. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have made possible the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures, deposition of thin films, and development of highly sensitive optical characterization techniques. The different approaches to nanostructuring metals have led to a wealth of interesting optical properties and functionality via manipulation of the plasmon modes that such structures support. The sensitivity of plasmonic structures to the changes in their local dielectric environment has led to the development of new sensing strategies and systems for chemical analysis and identification. The book discusses all of these aspects.