Big questions and issues arise about the role of the scientific life in our society and in our world. These have to do with trusting science at all, or with the wider roles of the scientist. The Whens and Wheres of a Scientific Life serves as an epilogue to author John R. Helliwell's scientific life trilogy of books on the Hows (i.e. skills), the Whys and the Whats of a scientific life. When and where questions play a big role in major science facility decisions. When and where also play a big role in controlling a pandemic like the coronavirus COVID-19. The consequences of such work and the role science plays in society are discussed in this book. Key Features: Discusses when and where we can make new and better things happen and make new discoveries. Explains whens and wheres as examples in basic science and explaining these to the public User friendly and concise, this text provides a wide range of examples of science and discovery The author has diverse experience in career development, teaching and research The importance of open data to the reproducibility of science are described

The era of Sustainable and Energy Efficient Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems has come. The research and development on Scalable and 3D integrated Diversified functions together with new computing architectures is in full swing. Besides data processing, data storage, new sensing modes and communication capabilities need the revision of process architecture to enable the Heterogeneous co integration of add-on devices with CMOS: the new defined functions and paradigms open the way to Augmented Nanosystems. The choices for future breakthroughs will request the study of new devices, circuits and computing architectures and to take new unexplored paths including as well new materials and integration schmes. This book reviews in two sections, including seven chapters, essential modules to build Diversified Nanosystems based on Nanoelectronics and finally how they pave the way to the definition of Nanofunctions for Augmented Nanosystems.

This book gives a detailed and up-to-date overview of the linearized augmented cylindrical wave (LACW) technique for nanotubes and nanowires. The author presents the mathematical foundations together with numerous applications. Method for calculating the electronic structure of point impurities, which is based on a combination of the LACW and Green's functions techniques, is presented. The book clearly demonstrates how the relativistic effects can be incorporated into LACW approach and how the spin-orbit coupling effects change the tubules band structure. Extensive illustrations of application to the inorganic nanotubes and nanowires make the book essential reading in this field above all.

New Targeting in The Reversal of Resistant Glioblastomas discusses alternative treatment strategies that not only target tumor cells but also target the tumor microenvironment, metabolic pathways and interaction of cytokines in tumor cells. The current treatment for primary and recurrent glioblastomas is failing because clinicians are not considering the effect of bone marrow derived cells to the development of resistance to clinically practiced therapies. This book helps readers rethink treatment strategies to successfully fight glioblastomas. It is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, clinicians, graduate students and other members of the biomedical field.

Genome Editing: A Practical Guide to Research and Clinical Applications is geared towards investigators interested in learning how to use CRISPR-Cas9-based technologies, with a focus on cardiovascular research and clinical applications. Covering a range of topics from the basics of genome editing to design considerations, to assessments and applications, this reference allows readers to get started and establish a full workflow from the beginning of the project to its full completion. With worked examples drawn from real-life experiments, as well as troubleshooting and pitfalls to avoid, the book serves as an essential reference for researchers and investigators in both cardiovascular and biomedical research.

This book covers the new Omics area, Metallomics. As Metallomics is intrinsically a transdisciplinary area, this book is authored by experts in the field on such diverse topics as Environmental, Nuclear, and Human Metallomics. Within these topics metals play important role, as being part of biomolecules, controlling different biochemical process, being signaling agents, being catalyst of biochemical reactions, among others. This volume demonstrates the importance of more investigation about metals and their interactions with biomolecules. As the knowledge in this field is growing and growing daily, then new challenges concerning studies involving Metallomics is appearing, such as comparative metallomics, speciation metallomics, real-time metallomics, new predictions of metals in biomolecules, metalloprotein databank expansion, interactions between metalloprotein-metalloprotein, among others.

In recent years, optical properties of the unique atomic and molecular structures of materials have drawn great scientific interest. Linear optical properties of materials such as metals, metal oxides, magnetic oxides, and organic materials are based on energy transfer and find applications in wastewater treatment, forensic science, biomedical science, photovoltaics, nuclear technology, and LED displays. Nonlinear optical properties of materials are based on the nonlinear medium and find more advanced applications in frequency mixing generations and optical parametric oscillations. This book presents the underlying principles, implementation, and applications of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials and has been divided into two parts emphasizing these properties. The first part of the book, Linear Optics, discusses bimetallic nanoparticles in dielectric media and their integration to dye molecules to detect trace amounts of heavy metals at the nanometer level, as well as to enhance luminescence and image contrasts in forensic inspection and biomedical diagnosis. It shows how the integration of bimetallic nanoparticles into a ZnO matrix promotes broadening of the absorption spectrum from the ultraviolet to the visible wavelength. It explains the role of surface adsorption and photocatalytic degradation in dye-removal kinetics by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles under pulsed white light. It also discusses the double-layer shielding tank design to safely store radioactive waste and photon propagation through the multilayer structures of a human tissue model. The second part of the book, Nonlinear Optics, presents general concepts such as electromagnetic theory, nonlinear medium, and wave propagation, as well as more advanced concepts such as second harmonic generation, phase matching, optical parametric interactions, different frequency generation, sum frequency generation, tunable laser, and optical resonant oscillator.

Cereal Genomics published in 2004 served the purpose of collecting all information on cereal genomics at one place and was well received by the cereal workers through-out the world. The last eight years have witnessed significant advancement in the field of cereal genomics. For instance, high-density genetic maps, physical maps, QTL maps and even draft genome sequence have become available for several cereal species. Furthermore, the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized genomics research, so that it is possible now to sequence genomes of hundreds or thousands of accessions of an individual cereal crop. Significant amounts of data generated using these NGS technologies created a demand for computational tools to analyse this massive data. In view of these developments, the Editors realised that there was a need to have an updated volume on the present status and future prospects of cereal genomics. These developments related to technology and the tools have been documented in this volume, thus supplementing our earlier edited volume Cereal Genomics . Cereal Genomics II discusses advances in cereal genomics research made during the last eight years, and presents state-of-art cereal genomics and its utilization involving both basic research such as comparative genomics and functional genomics, and applied research like QTL mapping and molecular breeding.

The series Advances in Stem Cell Biology is a timely and expansive collection of comprehensive information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology. Recent Advances in iPSC-derived Cell Types, Volume 4 addresses how different cell types can be derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into Induced pluripotent stem cells by the expression of specific transcription factors. These cells are transforming biomedical research in the last 15 years. The volume teaches readers about current advances in the field. This book describes the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to form different cell types which can be used in cell therapy as well as to model several diseases in vitro, enabling us to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in different pathologies. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the obtention of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into several cellular populations, tissues and organs using state-of-art techniques. This volume will cover what we know so far about the use of iPSCs to derive different cell types, such as: erythroid cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, megakaryocytes, cerebral cortical neurons, inner ear cell types, airway epithelial cells, male germ cells, trophoblasts, cardiomyocytes, sspancreatic cells, and more. The volume is written for researchers and scientists interested in stem cell therapy, cell biology, regenerative medicine, and organ transplantation; and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field.

Composite Materials: Properties, Characterisation, and Applications provides an in-depth description of the synthesis, properties, and various characterisation techniques used for the study of composite materials. Covers applications and simulation tests of these advanced materials Presents real-world examples for demonstration Discusses surface, thermal, and electrical characterisation techniques Covers composites for use as sensors Aimed at industry professionals and researchers, this book offers readers thorough knowledge of the fundamentals as well as advanced level techniques involved in composite material characterisation, development, and applications.

With contributions from experts from both academia and industry, this book provides up-to-date reviews and promising approaches for corrosion control of metals and alloys via sustainable biopolymers and carbon nanomaterials coatings, focusing on the wonder material "graphene" which is more solid than steel. This book delivers essential information for improving the environmental and economic viability of current coating technologies. It is also a valuable reference for those who are interested in corrosion science and corrosion protection including professionals from the industry as well as academia.

Published in 1974: The CRC Handbook of Materials Science provides a current and readily accessible guide to the physical properties of solid state and structural materials.

First Published in 1984, this set offers a comprehensive insight into thermolumiscence. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for radiobiologists and physicists and other practitioners in their respective fields.

This book provides an extensive overview of the principles and methods of sample size calculation and recalculation in clinical trials. Appropriate calculation of the required sample size is crucial for the success of clinical trials. At the same time, a sample size that is too small or too large is problematic due to ethical, scientific, and economic reasons. Therefore, state-of-the art methods are required when planning clinical trials. Part I describes a general framework for deriving sample size calculation procedures. This enables an understanding of the common principles underlying the numerous methods presented in the following chapters. Part II addresses the fixed sample size design, where the required sample size is determined in the planning stage and is not changed afterwards. It covers sample size calculation methods for superiority, non-inferiority, and equivalence trials, as well as comparisons between two and more than two groups. A wide range of further topics is discussed, including sample size calculation for multiple comparisons, safety assessment, and multi-regional trials. There is often some uncertainty about the assumptions to be made when calculating the sample size upfront. Part III presents methods that allow to modify the initially specified sample size based on new information that becomes available during the ongoing trial. Blinded sample size recalculation procedures for internal pilot study designs are considered, as well as methods for sample size reassessment in adaptive designs that use unblinded data from interim analyses. The application is illustrated using numerous clinical trial examples, and software code implementing the methods is provided. The book offers theoretical background and practical advice for biostatisticians and clinicians from the pharmaceutical industry and academia who are involved in clinical trials. Covering basic as well as more advanced and recently developed methods, it is suitable for beginners, experienced applied statisticians, and practitioners. To gain maximum benefit, readers should be familiar with introductory statistics. The content of this book has been successfully used for courses on the topic.

The series Advances in Stem Cell Biology is a timely and expansive collection of comprehensive information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology. Recent Advances in iPSCs for Therapy, Volume 3 addresses the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for therapy of several disorders. The volume teaches the reader about the biology of induced pluripotent stem cells and their possible use as cell therapy. Remarkable progress has been made in the obtention of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into several cell types, tissues and organs using state-of-art techniques. This volume will cover what we know so far about the use of iPSCs for therapy of multiple diseases, such as: hair loss disorders, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Glaucoma, Optic Neuropathy, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Type 1 Diabetes, Heart Failure, liver diseases, infertility, Autoimmune Diseases, and more. The volume is written for researchers and scientists interested in cell therapy, stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and organ transplantation and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field.

Chiral Organic Pollutants introduces readers to the growing challenges of chirality in synthetic chemicals. In this volume, contributors brilliantly summarize the characteristics of chiral pollutants to provide tools and techniques for effectively assessing their environmental and human health risks. Chapters cover recent research on the physicochemical properties, sources, exposure pathways, environmental fate, toxicity, and enantioselective analysis of chiral organic pollutants. Chiral Organic Pollutants also provides comprehensive discussions on the current trends in the synthesis and legislation of chiral chemicals. Key Features: Includes sampling and analytical methods for the enantioselective analysis of a wide array of chiral organic pollutants in food and the environment Summarizes recent research on the sources, fate, transport, and toxicity of chiral organic pollutants in the environment Critically examines the sources and pathways of chiral organic pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and flame retardants in food Includes a comprehensive discussion on current trends in the enantioselective synthesis and chiral switching of pesticides and pharmaceuticals Provides analysis of current national and international regulations of chiral synthetic chemicals The use of chiral synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and halogenated flame retardants has significantly grown in the past 60 years. Hence, understanding the human and environmental health effects of chiral organic pollutants is crucial in the industry, academia, and policymaking. Chiral Organic Pollutants is an excellent textbook and reference for students, scientists, engineers, and policymakers interested in food quality, environmental pollution, chemical analysis, organic synthesis, and toxicology. Also available in the Food Analysis and Properties Series: Analysis of Nanoplastics and Microplastics in Food, edited by Leo. M.L. Nollet and Khwaja Salahuddin Siddiqi (ISBN: 9781138600188) Proteomics for Food Authentication, edited by Leo M.L. Nollet, and Semih OEtles (ISBN: 9780367205058) Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis, edited by Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 9781138370692) For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at: www.crcpress.com/Food-Analysis--Properties/book-series/CRCFOODANPRO

This textbook provides a comprehensive, yet accessible, introduction to statistical mechanics. Crafted and class-tested over many years of teaching, it carefully guides advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are encountering statistical mechanics for the first time through this - sometimes - intimidating subject. The book provides a strong foundation in thermodynamics and the ensemble formalism of statistical mechanics. An introductory chapter on probability theory is included. Applications include degenerate Fermi systems, Bose-Einstein condensation, cavity radiation, phase transitions, and critical phenomena. The book concludes with a treatment of scaling theories and the renormalization group. In addition, it provides clear descriptions of how to understand the foundational mathematics and physics involved and includes exciting case studies of modern applications of the subject in physics and wider interdisciplinary areas. Key Features: Presents the subject in a clear and entertaining style which enables the author to take a sophisticated approach whilst remaining accessible Contains contents that have been carefully reviewed with a substantial panel to ensure that coverage is appropriate for a wide range of courses, worldwide Accompanied by volumes on thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, which can be used in conjunction with this book, on courses which cover both thermodynamics and statistical mechanics

This book presents a comprehensive review of research on applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene to electronic devices. As nanocarbons in general, and CNTs and graphene in particular, are becoming increasingly recognized as the most promising materials for future generations of electronic devices, including transistors, sensors, and interconnects, a knowledge gap still exists between the basic science of nanocarbons and their feasibility for cost-effective product manufacturing. The book highlights some of the issues surrounding this missing link by providing a detailed review of the nanostructure and electronic properties, materials, and device fabrication and of the structure-property-application relationships.

Pullulan is a polysaccharide produced by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and possesses some distinct properties such as excellent transparent film-forming ability, moisture absorptivity, water solubility, non-toxicity, and adhesivity. These properties allow pullulan to find potential applications in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and health care. This book presents the chemistry and properties of pullulan, along with the method of its production at the laboratory level. It discusses the structural engineering, processing methods, and versatile applications of pullulan, as well as highlights the challenges that still have to be overcome for its large-scale production. This unique book comprehensively summarizes many of the recent research findings on pullulan, contributed by leading experts in this research domain. It is a useful reference book for scientists, academicians, researchers, chemists, technologists, graduate and postgraduate students, and general readers who are interested in pullulan.

Professionals recognize entropy-enthalpy compensation as an important factor in molecular recognition, lead design, water networks, and protein engineering. It can be experimentally studied by proper combinations of diverse spectroscopic approaches with isothermal titration calorimetry and is clearly related to molecular dynamics. So, how should we treat entropy-enthalpy compensation? Is it a stubborn hindrance that solely complicates the predictability of phenomena otherwise laid on the line by Mother Nature? How should we then deal with it? This book dwells on these posers. It combines two chapters written by globally recognized specialists. Chapter 1 deals with general issues and suggests a definite approach to how we may answer the posers. Chapter 2 shows how the approach outlined might be successfully applied in a rational design of enzymes. This might provide other interesting strategic perspectives in the general theoretical physical chemistry field.

Endothelial Signaling in Vascular Dysfunction and Disease: From Bench to Bedside provides a detailed understanding of the endothelium, its activation and their link to some common clinical disorders. In addition, the book covers earlier discoveries, including those from the last and 19th centuries. It is split into five sections that cover the vascular tree as an integrative structure, the endothelium in inflammation, endothelial signaling, activation and toxicity with chemotherapy, radiation induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease, and therapies in combating vascular diseases. Each section is discussed with a translational approach in order to make the content truly applicable. This book is a valuable source for basic researchers, clinicians in the fields of Oncology, Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology, and members of the biomedical field who are conducting studies related to the endothelium and vascular disease.

This book provides an interdisciplinary guide to quasicrystals, the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winning topic, by presenting an up-to-date and detailed introduction to the many fundamental aspects and applications of quasicrystals science. It reviews the most characteristic features of the peculiar geometric order underlying their structure and their reported intrinsic physical properties, along with their potential for specific applications. The role of quasiperiodic order in science and technology is also examined by focusing on the new design capabilities provided by this novel ordering of matter. This book is specifically devoted to promoting the very notion of quasiperiodic order, and to spur its physical implications and technological capabilities. It, therefore, explores the fundamental aspects of intermetallic, photonic, and phononic quasicrystals, as well as soft-matter quasicrystals, including their intrinsic physical and structural properties. In addition, it thoroughly discusses experimental data and related theoretical approaches to explain them, extending the standard treatment given in most current solid state physics literature. It also explores exciting applications in new technological devices of quasiperiodically ordered systems, including multilayered quasiperiodic systems, along with 2D and 3D designs, whilst outlining new frontiers in quasicrystals research. This book can be used as a reader-friendly introductory text for graduate students, in addition to senior scientists and researchers coming from the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering. Key features: * Provides an updated and detailed introduction to the interdisciplinary field of quasicrystals in a tutorial style, considering both fundamental aspects and additional freedom degrees provided by designs based on quasiperiodically ordered materials. * Includes 50 fully worked out exercises with detailed solutions, motivating, and illustrating the different concepts and notions to provide readers with further learning opportunities. * Presents a complete compendium of the current state of the art knowledge of quasicrystalline matter, and outlines future next generation materials based on quasiperiodically ordered designs for their potential use in useful technological devices. Dr. Enrique Macia-Barber is Professor of condensed matter physics at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. His research interests include the thermoelectric properties of quasicrystals and DNA biophysics. In 2010 he received the RSEF- BBVA Foundation Excellence Physics Teaching Award. His book Aperiodic Structures in Condensed Matter: Fundamentals and Applications (CRC Press, Boca-Raton, 2009) is one of the Top Selling Physics Books according to YBP Library Services.

This volume first considers the categories of zinc metalloenzymes, together with models of the enzymic metal-ion binding sites. It covers the nutritional aspects of zinc: its absorption and excretion, its influence on the activity of enzymes and hormones, and the zinc deficiency syndrome.

There is an important overlap between science and design. The most significant technological developments cannot be produced without designers to conceptualize them. By the same token, designers cannot do their job properly without a good understanding of the scientific or technical principles that are being developed within the product. Science in Design: Solidifying Design with Science and Technology reveals the significance of the essential yet understudied intersection of design and scientific academic research and encompasses technological development, scientific principles, and the point of overlap between science and design. Encourages readers to comprehend the role of science in all facets of design Discusses the fundamental involvement of science required for engineering and design irrespective of whether the design is from an individual, business, or social perspective Covers the ontology, characteristics, and application of science in major fields of design education and design research, with an introduction of emerging practices transforming sustainable growth through applied behavioral models Depicts the art and science of material selection using new design techniques and technology advances like augmented reality, AI, and decision-support toolkits This unique book will benefit scientists, technologists, and engineers, as well as designers and professionals, across a variety of industries dealing with scientific analysis of design research methodology, design lifecycle, and problem solving.

There is an important overlap between science and design. The most significant technological developments cannot be produced without designers to conceptualize them. By the same token, designers cannot do their job properly without a good understanding of the scientific or technical principles that are being developed within the product. Science in Design: Solidifying Design with Science and Technology reveals the significance of the essential yet understudied intersection of design and scientific academic research and encompasses technological development, scientific principles, and the point of overlap between science and design. Encourages readers to comprehend the role of science in all facets of design Discusses the fundamental involvement of science required for engineering and design irrespective of whether the design is from an individual, business, or social perspective Covers the ontology, characteristics, and application of science in major fields of design education and design research, with an introduction of emerging practices transforming sustainable growth through applied behavioral models Depicts the art and science of material selection using new design techniques and technology advances like augmented reality, AI, and decision-support toolkits This unique book will benefit scientists, technologists, and engineers, as well as designers and professionals, across a variety of industries dealing with scientific analysis of design research methodology, design lifecycle, and problem solving.