This book presents and applies a novel efficient meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) for various optimization problems. The first part of the book introduces the concepts and methods involved, while the second is devoted to the applications. Though optimal design of structures is the main topic, two chapters on optimal analysis and applications in constructional management are also included. This algorithm is based on one-dimensional collisions between bodies, with each agent solution being considered as an object or body with mass. After a collision of two moving bodies with specified masses and velocities, these bodies again separate, with new velocities. This collision causes the agents to move toward better positions in the search space. The main algorithm (CBO) is internally parameter independent, setting it apart from previously developed meta-heuristics. This algorithm is enhanced (ECBO) for more efficient applications in the optimal design of structures. The algorithms are implemented in standard computer programming languages (MATLAB and C++) and two main codes are provided for ease of use.

There are a large and ever-increasing number of structures and buildings worldwide that are in need of refurbishment, rehabilitation and strengthening. The retrofitting of beams and slabs for this purpose is now recognized as the most cost-effective and environmentally sustainable method of carrying out this essential renovation work.
The authors of Design of FRP and Steel Plated RC Structures are both acknowledged world experts on these techniques and their book has been designed to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the established techniques and their applications as well as thorough coverage of newly emerging methodologies and their uses. The comparison of FRP and steel is a particular focus and the authors provide practical examples of where one material might be used in preference to another. Indeed practical, worked examples of how, when, and why specific solutions have been chosen in real-world situations are used throughout the text and provide the user with invaluable insights into the decision-making process and its technical background. Just as importantly these examples make the understanding and application of these techniques easier to understand for the student and the practitioner. The book is international in appeal, as while no reference is made to specific local codes the authors' approach always follows that of the more advanced structural codes worldwide. As such it will remain an essential resource for many years to come.
Design of FRP and Steel Plated RC Structures is an important reference for a broad range of researchers, students and practitioners including civil engineers and contractors, architects, designers and builders.
-Contains detailed worked examples throughout to aid understanding and provide technical insight
- Covers all types of metal plates and all types of FRP plates
- Uses design philosophies that can be used with any mathematical model
- Provides coverage of all main international guidelines

Over the past 50 years, strain gradient material theories have been developed for the continuum modeling of size effects in materials and structures in terms of their elasticity, plasticity and fracturing. This book puts forward a unifying perspective to combine existing theories involving the higher order gradient of the strain tensor, or of plastic strain. It begins by reviewing experimental findings on the existence (or non-existence) of size effects on the mechanics of materials. In turn, the book devises first, second and higher order strain gradient theories from general principles, and presents constitutive frameworks that satisfy thermodynamic requirements. The special case of strain gradient plasticity is then developed and illustrated via computational analyses of size effects on the plasticity of metals at small scales. In closing, the book explains the origin of gradient effects in the case of lattice structures by drawing on homogenization theory.

Graph theory gained initial prominence in science and engineering through its strong links with matrix algebra and computer science. Moreover, the structure of the mathematics is well suited to that of engineering problems in analysis and design. The methods of analysis in this book employ matrix algebra, graph theory and meta-heuristic algorithms, which are ideally suited for modern computational mechanics. Efficient methods are presented that lead to highly sparse and banded structural matrices. The main features of the book include: application of graph theory for efficient analysis; extension of the force method to finite element analysis; application of meta-heuristic algorithms to ordering and decomposition (sparse matrix technology); efficient use of symmetry and regularity in the force method; and simultaneous analysis and design of structures.

This edited volume presents selected contributions from the International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures held in San Diego, California in 2017 (EVACES2017). The event brought together engineers, scientists, researchers, and practitioners, providing a forum for discussing and disseminating the latest developments and achievements in all major aspects of dynamic testing for civil engineering structures, including instrumentation, sources of excitation, data analysis, system identification, monitoring and condition assessment, in-situ and laboratory experiments, codes and standards, and vibration mitigation.

"Theory of Arched Structures: Strength, Stability, Vibration" presents detailed procedures for analytical analysis of the strength, stability, and vibration of arched structures of different types, using exact analytical methods of classical structural analysis.
The material discussed is divided into four parts. Part I covers stress and strain with a particular emphasis on analysis; Part II discusses stability and gives an in-depth analysis of elastic stability of arches and the role that matrix methods play in the stability of the arches; Part III presents a comprehensive tutorial on dynamics and free vibration of arches, and forced vibration of arches; and Part IV offers a section on special topics which contains a unique discussion of plastic analysis of arches and the optimal design of arches..

Plate and shell theories experienced a renaissance in recent years. The potentials of smart materials, the challenges of adaptive structures, the demands of thin-film technologies and more on the one hand and the availability of newly developed mathematical tools, the tremendous increase in computer facilities and the improvement of commercial software packages on the other caused a reanimation of the scientific interest. In the present book the contributions of the participants of the EUROMECH Colloquium 444 "Critical Review of the Theories of Plates and Shells and New Applications" have been collected. The aim was to discuss the common roots of different plate and shell approaches, to review the current state of the art, and to develop future lines of research. Contributions were written by scientists with civil and mechanical engineering as well as mathematical and physical background.

This book provides a general review of the literature on underground structures, combined with new specifications, engineering case studies, and numerical simulations based on the authors' research. It focuses on the basic concepts, theories, and methods of the design of underground structures. After an introduction, it covers various topics, such as elastic foundation beam theory and numerical analysis methods for underground structures, as well as the design of shallow underground structures, diaphragm wall structures, shield tunnel structures, caisson structures, immersed tube structures, and integral tunnel structures. It also includes tables for calculating elastic foundation beam. This book is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students majoring in urban underground space engineering, building engineering, highway engineering, railway engineering, bridge and tunnel engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering.

This book focuses on the optimization of a geometrically-nonlinear structure under stability constraint. It presents a deep insight into optimization-based and computer-assisted stability design of discrete structures. Coverage combines design sensitivity analysis developed in structural optimization and imperfection-sensitivity analysis developed in stability analysis.

Written for civil, structural and geotechnical engineers, this book presents the latest research and practical experience in the design of high-arch dams in seismically active regions, from an author team that is highly active and experienced in the design, development and construction of 300m high arch dams. The book covers the entire subject of dam design for seismic regions, including seismic input mechanisms and modeling, non-linear analysis techniques for dam structure and foundations, concrete material properties, and simulation techniques for dam design. Of particular value are the real-world experimental data and design case studies that enhance the book and ensure that readers can apply the theoretical content to their own projects.

This book provides an introduction to the theory and numerical developments of the homogenization method. It's main features are: a comprehensive presentation of homogenization theory; an introduction to the theory of two-phase composite materials; a detailed treatment of structural optimization by using homogenization; a complete discussion of the resulting numerical algorithms with many documented test problems. It will be of interest to researchers, engineers, and advanced graduate students in applied mathematics, mechanical engineering, and structural optimization.

This highly informative and carefully presented book discusses the synthesis, processing, characterization and applications of different types of materials. It provides an overview of recent advances in the areas of materials research and engineering and highlights a wide range of significant recent results in energetic materials, bio-based materials, ceramics, nanomaterials, among others, and their use for emerging applications. The contents of this book are relevant to researchers in academia and industry professionals working on the development of advanced materials and their applications.

The mechanics of structures with initial stresses is a traditional part of structural mechanics. It is closely related to the important problem of stability of structures. The basic concepts of elastic stability of structures go back to works by Euler (1759) and Bryan (1889). Later, it was found that the problem of deformation of solids with initial stresses is related to variational principles and nonlinear problems in elasticity; see Trefftz (1933), Marguerre (1938), Prager (1947), Hill (1958), Washuzu (1982). Historical detail up to the 1940s can be found in the book by Timoshenko (1953). Observing the basic concepts of the traditional mechanics of stressed structures, we agree that these are suitable for uniform structural elements (plates, beams, and so on) made of homogeneous materials, but not for complex structures (such as a network plate or a lattice mast) or structures made of composite materials (such as fiber reinforced or textile materials). Many concepts of the classical theory, such as a cross section or neutral plane (axis), correspond to no mechanical objects if we consider an inhomogeneous structure. As a result, we come to the conclusion that it would be useful to have a theory of thin inhomogeneous structures developed on the basis of 3-D elasticity theory with no simplifying assumptions (with no a priori hypothesis).

Irregular engineering structures are subjected to complicated additional loads which are often beyond conventional design models developed for traditional, simplified plane models. This book covers detailed research and recent progress in seismic engineering dealing with seismic behaviour of irregular and set-back engineering structures. Experimental results as well as special topics of modern design are discussed in detail. In addition, recent progress in seismology, wave propagation and seismic engineering, which provides novel, modern modelling of complex seismic loads, is reported. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly developed rotational, seismic ground-motion effects. This book is a continuation of an earlier monograph which appeared in the same Springer series in 2013 (http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789400753761).

This book compiles and critically discusses modern engineering system degradation models and their impact on engineering decisions. In particular, the authors focus on modeling the uncertain nature of degradation considering both conceptual discussions and formal mathematical formulations. It also describes the basics concepts and the various modeling aspects of life-cycle analysis (LCA). It highlights the role of degradation in LCA and defines optimum design and operation parameters. Given the relationship between operational decisions and the performance of the system's condition over time, maintenance models are also discussed. The concepts and models presented have applications in a large variety of engineering fields such as Civil, Environmental, Industrial, Electrical and Mechanical engineering. However, special emphasis is given to problems related to large infrastructure systems. The book is intended to be used both as a reference resource for researchers and practitioners and as an academic text for courses related to risk and reliability, infrastructure performance modeling and life-cycle assessment.

Strong ground motion measuring and recording instruments play a major role in mitigation of seismic risk. The strong ground motion near the source of an earthquake describes the effects that endanger our built environment, and is also the most detailed clue concerning the source mechanism of the earthquake. The range of complexity that engulfs our understanding of the source parameters of a major earthquake (extent of the source mechanism, stress drop, wave propagation patterns) and how buildings and other works of construction respond to ground-transmitted dynamic effects may be overpowered by improved direct observations. Strong motion seismographs provide the information that enables scientists and engineers to resolve the many issues that are intertwined with practical problems of building safe communities worldwide. They may be installed as arrays close to major fault zones, consisting of many instruments arranged in some geometrical pattern, or in the vicinity and mounted on buildings.

This book, which contains papers by invited authorities, represents a unique interaction between seismologists and earthquake engineers who examine issues of mutual concern in an overlapping area of major interest. The papers have been grouped around three major areas.
-Seismic Hazard and Extreme Motions
-Engineering Uses of Strong Motion Seismograms
-Arrays and Observations.

This advanced and graduate-level text and self-tutorial teaches readers to understand and to apply analytical design principles across the breadth of the engineering sciences.

Emphasizing fundamentals, the book addresses the stability of key engineering elements such as rigid-body assemblage, beam-column, beam, rigid frame, thin plate, arch, ring, and shell.

Each chapter contains numerous worked-out problems that clarify practical application and aid comprehension of the basics of stability theory, plus end-of-chapter review exercises.

Others key features are the citing and comparison of different national building standards, use of non-dimensional parameters, and many tables with much practical data and simplified formula, that enable readers to use them in the design of structural components.

First six chapters most suitable for undergraduate-level study and remaining chapters for graduate-level courses.

This monograph deals with buckling and postbuckling behavior of thin plates and thin-walled structures with flat wall subjected to static and dynamic load. The investigations are carried out in elastic range. The basic assumption here is the thin plate theory. This method is used to determination the buckling load and postbuckling analysis of thin-walled structures subjected to static and dynamic load. The book introduces two methods for static and dynamic buckling investigation which allow for a wider understanding of the phenomenon. Two different methods also can allow uncoupling of the phenomena occurring at the same time and attempt to estimate their impact on the final result. A general mathematical model, adopted in proposed analytical-numerical method, enables the consideration of all types of stability loss i.e.local, global and interactive forms of buckling. The applied numerical-numerical method includes adjacent of walls, shear-lag phenomenon and a deplanation of cross-sections.

This book concentrates on the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of structures and structural components that are widely used in everyday engineering applications. It presents unique methods for nonlinear problems which permits the correct usage of powerful linear methods. Every topic is thoroughly explained and includes numerical examples. The new concepts, theories and methods introduced simplify the solution of the complex nonlinear problems.

The construction of tunnels involves the resolution of various complex technical problems depending on the geological and geological-environmental context in which the work fits. Only a careful analysis of all the geological and geological-environmental issues and a correct reconstruction of the conceptual model can lead to optimal design solutions from all points of view (including financial) and ensure the safety of workers during the construction and users in the operation phase. It was therefore felt that there was a need to collect in one volume the state of current knowledge about: all the geological and environmental issues related to the construction of underground works the different methodologies used for the reconstruction of the conceptual model the different risk typologies that it is possible to encounter or that can arise from tunnel construction, and the most important risk assessment, management and mitigation methodologies that are used in tunneling studies.

Structural Optimization is intended to supplement the engineer s box of analysis and design tools making optimization as commonplace as the finite element method in the engineering workplace. It begins with an introduction to structural optimization and the methods of nonlinear programming such as Lagrange multipliers, Kuhn-Tucker conditions, and calculus of variations. It then discusses solution methods for optimization problems such as the classic method of linear programming which leads to the method of sequential linear programming. It then proposes using sequential linear programming together with the incremental equations of structures as a general method for structural optimization. It is furthermore intended to give the engineer an overview of the field of structural optimization."

In this book Egyptian Archeology and Mathematics meet. The author is an expert in theories and applications in Solid Mechanics and Inverse Problems, a former professor at Ecole Polytechnique and now works with Electricite de France on maintenance operations on nuclear power plants. In the Autumn of 1986, after the end of the operation on the King's chamber conducted under the Technological and Scientific Sponsorship of EDF, to locate a cavity, he was called to solve a mathematical inverse problem, to find the unknown tomb of the King and the density structure of the whole pyramid based on measurements of microgravity made inside and outside of the pyramid. This book recounts the various search operations on the pyramid of Cheops made at the request of the Egyptian and French authorities in 1986-1987. After the premature end of the Cheops operation in the Autumn of 1986, following the fiasco of unsuccessful drillings in the area suspected by both architects G. Dormion and J.P. Goidin and microgravity auscultation, EDF and CPGF (a geophysical company) teams continued their researches with measurements already made, trying this time an inversion of the Newton gravity equation for the entire pyramid and using another theoretical team led by the author. The inverse problem solution confirmed the results of auscultations, but found no cavity. However, the image of the average density at the surface of the entire pyramid forms a sort of square "spiral" probably related to the construction method. In 2000, Jean-Pierre Houdin considered the author's results of 1988 as a confirmation of his theory of the internal ramp tunnel. Since then the author has done additional research and found that classical theories of the construction based on degrees and the particular mode of stones filling can also report the same densitogram. The book is richly illustrated with color figures. It is dotted with information concerning Physics, Mechanics and the History of Egyptian Antiquities. The book ends with the greatest mystery of the pyramid about the unknown tomb of the King and a dream to see the tomb at an unexpected place.

254 7. 2 AEROSPACE 261 7. 3 MARINE 265 7. 4 GROUND TRANSPORTATION 268 7. 5 CNIL 270 References 285 Index Preface Most structures consist of an assembly of a number of individual components that must be connected to form an integral load transmission path. These connections are often referred to as joints and can be achieved in a variety of forms, e. g. by bolting, riveting, or other forms of mechanical fastening, or by welding or brazing for connecting metallic elements, or by adhesive bonding. No matter what forms of connections are used in the structure, these joints are potentially the weakest points in the structure and the locations where a weight penalty may apply. Thus structural joints must be designed adequately to meet the specific design requirements. Adhesive bonding represents one of the most important enabling technologies for developing innovative design concepts and structural configurations as well as exploiting new materials. The evolution of adhesive bonding technology, and its current knowledge base, was made possibly by the explosive growth in the adhesive applications in a great variety of industries over the past few decades. While it is easy for everyone to identify examples of adhesive bonding in the world around us, analysis and design of structural bonded joints represent one of the most challenging jobs in structural design and manufacturing. Compared to other joining methods, particularly mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding can offer substantial performance and economic advantages.