This book was developed while I was teaching graduate courses on analysis, design and optimization of structures, in the United States, Europe and Israel. Structural analysis is a main part of any design problem, and the analysis often must be repeated many times during the design process. Much work has been done on design-oriented analysis of structures recently and many studies have been published. The purpose of the book is to collect together selected topics of this literature and to present them in a unified approach. It meets the need for a general text covering the basic concepts and methods as well as recent developments in this area. This should prove useful to students, researchers, consultants and practicing engineers involved in analysis and design of structures. Previous books on structural analysis do not cover most of the material presented in the book. The book deals with the problem of multiple repeated analyses (reanalysis) of structures that is common to numerous analysis and design tasks. Reanalysis is needed in many areas such as structural optimization, analysis of damaged structures, nonlinear analysis, probabilistic analysis, controlled structures, smart structures and adaptive structures. It is related to a wide range of applications in such fields as Aerospace Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture.

This book will appeal to specialist engineers with enquiring minds and, in a broader sense, to all who live in buildings, especially those in a seismically active region. While the continual development of building codes permits the design of new construction to resist earthquake loads more effectively, a major problem is that buildings which may once have conformed to past seismic codes become structurally unacceptable according to today's codes and need upgrading or retrofitting'. Poor construction methods also result in buildings that do not conform to any codes. Existing vulnerable' buildings that require strengthening in earthquake-prone countries immensely outnumber all recent construction.
The health' of buildings thus requires assessment and rehabilitation. Seismic assessment ranges from the cataloguing of danger symptoms' in individual buildings to structural analyses involving finite element procedures and refined statistical analyses incorporating expert systems, stochastic processes and predictions from available databases. Structures have to be rendered fit for earthquakes, and this book goes a long way towards showing why and how, offering the results of cutting-edge research in the area and presenting innovative methods that enable system improvement while the structure remains in use.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Linear Statics

Volume 1: The Basis and Solids

Eugenio Onate

The two volumes of this book cover most of the theoretical and computational aspects of the linear static analysis of structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The content of the book is based on the lecture notes of a basic course on Structural Analysis with the FEM taught by the author at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain for the last 30 years.

Volume1 presents the basis of the FEM for structural analysis and a detailed description of the finite element formulation for axially loaded bars, plane elasticity problems, axisymmetric solids and general three dimensional solids. Each chapter describes the background theory for each structural model considered, details of the finite element formulation and guidelines for the application to structural engineering problems. The book includes a chapter on miscellaneous topics such as treatment of inclined supports, elastic foundations, stress smoothing, error estimation and adaptive mesh refinement techniques, among others. The text concludes with a chapter on the mesh generation and visualization of FEM results.

The book will be useful for students approaching the finite element analysis of structures for the first time, as well as for practising engineers interested in the details of the formulation and performance of the different finite elements for practical structural analysis.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITH THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Linear Statics

Volume 2: Beams, Plates and Shells

Eugenio Onate

The two volumes of this book cover most of the theoretical and computational aspects of the linear static analysis of structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM).The content of the book is based on the lecture notes of a basic course on Structural Analysis with the FEM taught by the author at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain for the last 30 years.

Volume 2 presents a detailed description of the finite element formulation for analysis of slender and thick beams, thin and thick plates, folded plate structures, axisymmetric shells, general curved shells, prismatic structures and three dimensional beams. Each chapter describes the background theory for each structural model considered, details of the finite element formulation and guidelines for the application to structural engineering problems Emphasis is put on the treatment of structures with layered composite materials.

The book will be useful for students approaching the finite element analysis of beam, plate and shell structures for the first time, as well as for practising engineers interested in the details of the formulation and performance of the different finite elements for practical structural analysis.

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This second edition of Reese and Van Impe's book has been extensively revised to be compatible in the classroom setting. New features include homework problems with solution aides presented by the student version of the software as well as new case studies and updated existing case studies that agree with modern methods of characterizing soil properties. The thrust of the book is a detailed presentation of methods of analysis for single piles and groups of piles under lateral loading. The method makes use of load-transfer functions that are based heavily on testing results of full-scale, heavily instrumented piles under carefully controlled lateral loading, coupled with the use of soil-structured interaction mechanics. This method is validated by comparing the results from the method of analysis with experimental results from case studies of un-instrumented piles. The book specifically addresses the analysis of piles of varying stiffness installed into soils with a variety of characteristics, accounting for the axial load at the top of the pile and for the rotational restraint of the pile head, possibly nonlinear, offered by the connection to the superstructure. The text provides example designs as well as the design of pile foundations that support an offshore platform. The book also includes references to a rich body of technical material, including citations of hundreds of relevant publications. The user may find the material on pile groups under lateral loading to be particularly helpful. The method begins with the loading at the foundation origin and makes use of nonlinear pile-head functions for the lateral load, the axial load, and the moment, taking pile-soil-pile interaction into account. For two-dimensional cases, the rotation and displacement of the foundation origin is computed to achieve equilibrium, and the resulting pile-head loading may be computed. Results for different loadings can also be readily calculated to seek t

This volume contains 28 papers by renowned international experts on the latest advances in structural reliability methods and applications, engineering risk analysis and decision making, new optimization techniques and various applications in civil engineering. Moreover, several contributions focus on the assessment and optimization of existing structural systems. All contributions were presented at the 15th Working Conference of the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 7.5 on Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems, held at the Oskar von Miller Forum in Munich, Germany, April 2010. Working Group 7.5's purposes are to promote modern structural system reliability and optimization theory and its applications, to stimulate research, development and application of structural system reliability and optimization theory, to assist and advance research and development in these fields, to further the dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural systems, and to encourage education in structural system reliability and optimization theory. This volume is intended for structural and mechanical engineers working and researching in structural optimization and risk/reliability analysis, applied to structural and infrastructural systems.

Thisbookisacollectionof31paperspresentedattheInternationalWorkshop on Modern Trends in Geomechanics, held on 27-29 June 2005 in Vienna. This workshop was run under the motto to bring together di?erent schools of thought in geomechanics research. The workshop was attended by about 50 participants from 15 countries. Besides the presentations, the workshop also o?ered welcoming occasions for stimulating discussions. The contributions in this book cover a wide range of topics from applied mathematics to geoengineering applications, re?ecting the breadth and depth of geomechanics research. The articles are peer reviewed and arranged in six parts: general aspects, constitutive modelling, micromechanics, analytical and numerical methods, granular materials and engineering applications. Wewouldliketothankallcontributorsfortheirdiligencetoprovidetimely their contributions. The generous support received from the following orga- zations is gratefully acknowledged: - Alpine Mayreder Construction Ltd - Bank Austria - Credit Institute - Austrian Geomechanics Society Our thanks also go to the managing editors at Springer, in particular Ms. Heather King and Dr. Thomas Ditzinger, who have enabled the qu- ity publication of this book at reasonable price. Last but not least, we would like to express our thanks to our co-workers in Vienna and Nottingham for theirhelpduringtheworkshop.Inparticular, oursecretaries, AnkePriewasser (Vienna) and Caroline Dolby (Nottingham), deserve our heartfelt thanks for their e?ort in organising the workshop and compiling this boo

This book compiles the second part of contributions to the China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering held 13.-16. August 2018 in Vienna, Austria. About 400 papers from 35 countries cover virtually all areas of geotechnical engineering and make this conference a truly international event. The contributions are grouped into thirteen special sessions and provide an overview of the geoengineering research and practice in China, Europe and the world: * Constitutive model * Micro-macro relationship * Numerical simulation * Laboratory testing * Geotechnical monitoring, instrumentation and field test * Foundation engineering * Underground construction * Environmental geotechnics * New geomaterials and ground improvement * Cold regions geotechnical engineering * Geohazards - risk assessment, mitigation and prevention * Unsaturated soils and energy geotechnics * Geotechnics in transportation, structural and hydraulic Engineering

Presents a comprehensive overview of the developments in the field of seismic resistant steel structures. This book is suitable for civil, earthquake and structural engineers.

Extensive numerical methods for computing design sensitivity are included in the text for practical application and software development. The numerical method allows integration of CAD-FEA-DSA software tools, so that design optimization can be carried out using CAD geometric models instead of FEA models. This capability allows integration of CAD-CAE-CAM so that optimized designs can be manufactured effectively.

Containing the papers of the 10th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR2009, Osaka, Japan), this work covers safety and reliability of structures and systems in civil, marine, mechanical, transportation, and aerospace systems. A special focus is placed on advanced technologies, analytical and computational risk analysis, probability-based design and regulations, smart systems and materials, life cycle cost analysis, damage assessment, social aspects, and commercial applications. Emerging concepts and novel applications of reliability principles in all types of structural systems and mechanical components are included.

In addition to the text, all of the papers are included on a fully searchable CD-ROM.

Authors: Hugo Bachmann, Walter J. Ammann, Florian Deischl, Josef Eisenmann, Ingomar Floegl, Gerhard H. Hirsch, Gunter K. Klein, Goran J. Lande, Oskar Mahrenholtz, Hans G. Natke, Hans Nussbaumer, Anthony J. Pretlove, Johann H. Rainer, Ernst-Ulrich Saemann, Lorenz Steinbeisser. Large structures such as factories, gymnasia, concert halls, bridges, towers, masts and chimneys can be detrimentally affected by vibrations. These vibrations can cause either serviceability problems, severely hampering the user's comfort, or safety problems. The aim of this book is to provide structural and civil engineers working in construction and environmental engineering with practical guidelines for counteracting vibration problems. Dynamic actions are considered from the following sources of vibration: - human body motions, - rotating, oscillating and impacting machines, - wind flow, - road traffic, railway traffic and construction work. The main section of the book presents tools that aid in decision-making and in deriving simple solutions to cases of frequently occurring "normal" vibration problems. Complexer problems and more advanced solutions are also considered. In all cases these guidelines should enable the engineer to decide on appropriate solutions expeditiously. The appendices of the book contain fundamentals essential to the main chapters.

Shell structures are widely used in the fields of civil, mechanical, architectural, aeronautical, and marine engineering. Shell technology has been enhanced by the development of new materials and prefabrication schemes. Despite the mechanical advantages and aesthetic value offered by shell structures, many engineers and architects are relatively unacquinted with shell behaviour and design. This book familiarizes the engineering and architectural student, as well as the practicing engineer and architect, with the behaviour and design aspects of shell structures. Three aspects are presented: the Physical behaviour, the structural analysis, and the design of shells in a simple, integrated, and yet concise fashion. Thus, the book contains three major aspects of shell engineering: (1) physical understanding of shell behaviour; (2) use of applied shell theories; and (3) development of design methodologies together with shell design examples. The theoretical tools required for rational analysis of shells are kept at a modest level to give a sound grasp of the fundamentals of shell behaviour and, at the same time, an understanding of the related theory, allowing it to be applied to actual design problems. To achieve a physical understanding of complex shell behaviour, quantitative presentations are supplemented by qualitative discussions so that the reader can grasp the physical feeling' of shell behaviour. A number of analysis and detailed design examples are also worked out in various chapters, making the book a useful reference manual. This book can be used as a textbook and/or a reference book in undergraduate as well as graduate university courses in the fields of civil, mechanical, architectural, aeronautical, and materials engineering. It can also be used as a reference and design-analysis manual for the practicing engineers and architects. The text is supplemented by a number of appendices containing tables of shell analysis and design charts and tables.

This book contains 38 papers presented at the seventh Working Conference on 'Reliability and Optimization of Structural Systems' held at Boulder, Colorado, USA, on April 2-4, 1996. The Working Conference was organized by the IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing) Working Group 7.5 of Technical Committee 7 and was the seventh in a series of similar conferences. The objectives of the Working Group and hence this publication are:

- to promote modern structural systems optimization and reliability theory,
- to advance international co-operation in the field of structural system optimization and reliability theory,
- to stimulate research, development and application of structural system optimization and reliability theory,
- to further dissemination and exchange of information on reliability and optimization of structural systems, and
- to encourage education in structural system organization and reliability theory.

A quarter of the century has elapsed since I gave my first course in structural reliability to graduate students at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Since that time on I have given many courses and seminars to students, researchers, designers, and site engineers interested in reliability. I also participated in and was responsible for numerous projects where reliability solutions were required. During that period, the scope of structural reliability gradually enlarged to become a substantial part of the general reliability theory. First, it is apparent that bearing structures should not be isolated objectives of interest, and, consequently, that constntCted facilities should be studied. Second, a new engineering branch has emerged -reliability engineering. These two facts have highlighted new aspects and asked for new approaches to the theory and applications. I always state in my lectures that the reliability theory is nothing more than mathematized engineering judgment. In fact, thanks mainly to probability and statistics, and also to computers, the empirical knowledge gained by Humankind's construction experience could have been transposed into a pattern of logic thinking, able to produce conclusions and to forecast the behavior of engineering entities. This manner of thinking has developed into an intricate network linked by certain rules, which, in a way, can be considered a type of reliability grammar. We can discern many grammatical concepts in the general structure of the reliability theory.

* Hugely topical book, considering terrorist attacks on structures and infrastructures. * Brings novel ideas to researchers and engineers in dynamic analysis of structures under combined actions of impact and blast loads. * Presents practical discussions in finite element modeling and numerical analysis of different structures under extreme loads using high-fidelity software which can be very useful for students. * Contains comprehensive state-of-the-art reviews on the performance of structures under extreme loads which can be very helpful for junior researchers who are beginners in impact and blast engineering. * Presents novel damage indices for different structural members under extreme loads that can be promoted to practical instructions to be experimentally conducted in structural engineering laboratories and academic environments.

The concrete industry has embraced innovation and ensured high levels of long-term performance and sustainability through creative applications in design and construction. As a construction material, the versatility of concrete and its intrinsic benefits mean it is still well placed to meet challenges of the construction industry. Indeed, concrete has kept evolving to satisfy ever more stringent, as well as demanding design requirements and calls to improve the performance. This has been achieved through the introduction of new constituent materials, technologies and construction methods.

The current challenges faced by concrete construction may not necessarily be the same as those in the future. However, an ongoing programme of innovation and product development means that concrete should continue to provide cost effective sustainable solutions that are able to turn a challenge into an opportunity.

This book is a collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Excellence in Concrete Construction through Innovation (Kingston-upon-Thames, UK, 9 10 September 2008). Excellence in Concrete Construction through Innovation deals with recent innovation in concrete science, technology and practice, and discusses challenges from new materials, technologies,
environmental concerns and economic factors in maintaining concrete construction excellence. The book will be of interest to engineers, designers, researchers and scientists.

Bamboo materials are well available in the world. Bamboo has much shorter maturity than trees, thus can be harvested with shorter cycles of plantation. Despite the fact that human society has a long history of using bamboo, there is still a lack of modern and industrialized application of bamboo materials in construction. Promoting the application of bamboo in construction could provide a potential solution to the sustainable, green and environment-friendly development of construction industry.

Modern Bamboo Structures is the first of its kind covering the applications of bamboo materials in modern structures. These proceedings of the First International Conference on Modern Bamboo Structures (ICBS-2007, Changsha, China, 28-30 October 2007) include the state-of-the-art on materials, design, analysis, testing, manufacturing, construction of modern bamboo structures. Modern Bamboo Structures will be essential for researchers, engineers and administrators involved in structural engineering, civil engineering, agriculture engineering, forestry, environmental engineering and urban development.

To obtain data about the stiffness and bearing capacity of a foundation pile, the Rapid Load Test could be an effective and economic alternative for a static load test. In order to judge this, the influence of rate effects in clay and pore water pressures in sand should first be understood. This book presents the latest developments in the research that is carried out to unravel these effects. It contains current contributions by world wide leading academics. Moreover the editors summarize the empirical field data and discuss advanced centrifuge modeling. This indispensable information source on the progress in Rapid Load Testing is intended for researchers and professionals working on the load testing of foundation piles.

This book provides the critical knowledge and technological bases required for meeting one of the ultimate engineering challenges: the design and construction of smart structures and systems. Research in smart materials and structures seeks to apply multifunctional capabilities of new and existing materials to develop structures and systems that are capable of self-sensing and monitoring, self-diagnosis and prognosis with intelligence, self-healing and repair, and adaptive response to prevent loss of human life and catastrophe, to minimize maintenance and life-cycle costs, and to prolong service life. The papers contained herein, representing the state-of-the-art in the field, were presented at the World Forum on Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology (SMSS) held in Chongqing and Nanjing, China on May 22-27, 2007.

Before structural mechanics became the common language of structural engineers, buildings were built based on observed behavior, with every new solution incurring high levels of risk. Today, the pendulum has swung in the other direction. The web of structural mechanics is so finely woven that it hides the role of experience in design, again leading to high levels of risk.

Understanding Structures brings the art and science of structures into the environment of a computer game. The book imparts a basic understanding of how buildings and bridges resist gravity, wind, and earthquake loads. Its interactive presentation of topics spans elementary concepts of force in trusses to bending of beams and the response of multistory, multi-bay frames.

Formulate Graphical and Quantitative Solutions with GOYA

The companion software, GOYA, runs easily on any java-enabled system. This interactive learning environment allows engineers to obtain quick and instructive graphical and quantitative solutions to many problems in structures.

Simulation is critical to the design and construction of safe structures. Using GOYA and the tools within Understanding Structures, engineers can enhance their overall understanding of structure response as well as expedite the process of safe structure design.

Mechanical engineering, an engineering discipline borne of the needs of the industrial revolution, is once again asked to do its substantial share in the call for industrial renewal. The general call is urgent as we face profound issues of productivity and competitiveness that require engineering solutions, among others. The Mechanical Engineering Series features graduate texts and research monographs intended to address the need for information in con temporary areas of mechanical engineering. The series is conceived as a comprehensive one that covers a broad range of concentrations important to mechanical engineering graduate education and research. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of consulting editors on the advisory board, each an expert in one of the areas of concen tration. The names of the consulting editors are listed on the next page of this volume. The areas of concentration are: applied mechanics; bio mechanics; computational mechanics; dynamic systems and control; energetics; mechanics of materials; processing; thermal science; and tribology. Professor Marshek, the consulting editor for dynamic systems and control, and I are pleased to present the second edition of Vibration of Discrete and Continuous Systems by Professor Shabana. We note that this is the second of two volumes. The first deals with the theory of vibration."

In a straightforward style, this book presents a detailed overview of 20 cases of famous and other highly interesting bridge collapses over the last two centuries. Every case is illustrated and described in detail and the failure analyses made are supported by well-known explanations and, in some cases, by new theories. The chronological order makes it easy to follow the gradual development in the use of different bridge types and the choice of construction material. The increase of knowledge and experience in the structural engineering discipline over the years is clearly observable, although every modern engineer will admit that both fatigue and buckling are very complex phenomena and that knowledge about them can increasingly profit from studying past bridge construction projects failures. Intended for consulting engineers (bridges, steel and metal structures) and for advanced-level and postgraduate students in structural and bridge engineering.

The book focuses on the recent innovations in computational techniques, material and digital fabrication technology that are revolutionizing the design, analysis and construction of surface structures. Powerful analysis tools now enable the accurate prediction of structural behaviour and manufacturing processes. Material innovations in the area of cementitious and other composites, glass, or smart materials, to just name a few, are challenging architects to find appropriate forms and applications. Digitally supported fabrication technology has taken a quantum leap since the time of the master shell builders 40 years ago, unfolding new potential to realize complex structural shapes in new and innovative ways. These innovations are presented in the context of an in-depth introduction to the fundamentals of surface structures providing the necessary knowledge for the successful design of shells and tensile systems in a broad variety of materials. Many of the principles are demonstrated using new material of some of the masterpieces in surface architecture. The book is structured into three parts. The first part familiarizes the reader with the topic of surface structures. It provides a historic overview and explains the underlying structural principles and traditional construction techniques. Part II introduces design methods, emphasizing recent developments in computational design and analysis that have greatly facilitated the design and construction of surface structures. Part III presents case studies demonstrating use of innovative and emerging materials.

New Trends in Fracture Mechanics of Concrete contains Volume 1 of the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures (FraMCoS-6, Catania, Italy, 17-22 June 2007). It is divided into four parts: (1) Theoretical and Numerical Methods in Fracture Mechanics of Concrete; (2) Experimental Methods in Fracture Mechanics of Concrete; (3) Constitutive Damage Modelling of Concrete; (4) Time Effects in the Damage and Fracture of Concrete. Over the last twenty years, many theoretical, numerical and experimental methods have evolved in the field of Fracture Mechanics of Concrete. These have led to practical applications in reinforced-concrete design, assessment, monitoring and retrofitting, as well as innovative high-performance and durable cementitious materials. Although Fracture Mechanics of Concrete is now mature as a framework for defining and solving a variety of engineering problems, there is still much work to be done in improving previous theoretical and numerical models, and for re-interpreting established phenomena. In particular, there are new developments in the treatment of scale effects; the implementation of 3D-discretisation; and the combination of continuous and discontinuous models. Other areas of rapid progress are the development of innovative testing techniques; the proposal of non-local and anisotropic constitutive laws; the formulation of lattice and multiscale models, and the development of coupled multifield theories. The other two volumes comprising the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures are Design, Assessment and Retrofitting of RC Structures; and High-Performance Concrete, Brick-Masonry and Environmental Aspects. The set presents a wealth of information, and will be useful to professional civil engineers, postgraduate students and researchers.