This book is a collection of papers presented in the NDT Conference held on February 20-23, 1996 at San Diego, California. The conference provided an opportunity to share experience and provide additional input to the Federal Highway Administration.

An important state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 108 ICC. It has been written by a team of leading international experts from the UK, USA, Canada, Israel, Germany, Denmark, South Africa, Italy and France. Research studies over recent years in the field of cement science have focused on the behaviour of the interfaces between the components of cement-based materials. The techniques used in other areas of materials science are being applied to the complex materials found in cements and concretes, and this book provides a significant survey of the present state of the art.

This is the first fully comprehensive survey and analysis of masted structures and covers examples that have evolved during the past three decades. Masted Structures are one of the most interesting developments in post-war architecture resulting from a combination of technology, structural engineering theory and a collaboration between architects and engineers. This is an essential guide for architects to the structural and constructional implications of masted forms in relation to space enclosure, patterns of loading and use of differing materials and techniques. This useful volume will enable architects and engineers to understand the origins, development and nature of masted structures and will provide a stimulating basis for future design.

In the past ten years there was a worldwide trend towards increased use of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM's). This trend covers a broad variety of applications ranging both from small diameters for sewers and other utilities to large diameters for double track railway and even three-lane highway tunnels. The response to this has been the development of both hard rock machines in the direction for application in soft ground, and soft ground TBM's to be used in soft rock. Parallel to the technical development of TBM's towards applications for longer tunnels, running through changing geological conditions, there are needs for the development of lining methods. 'TBM Tunnel Trends' an international lecture serie collection, aims to present the latest scientific and practical state of the art of TBM tunnelling, taking into consideration interactions between machinery and lining. 26 international highly recognized papers.

The integration of photovoltaics (PV) into buildings goes beyond energy saving by providing a clean and elegant way of actually generating electricity. There are already numerous successful examples and rapid technological improvements promise expansion of PV's present niche market to that of a major energy provider of the 21st century. This handbook is the outcome of a five year programme which took place under the auspices of the International Energy Agency. Architects and solar experts from 13 countries addressed the wide range of engineering and architectural issues involved in the successful integration of PV into buildings. It demonstrates how to maximise the overall solar contribution to the building; integrate PV effectively with the building structure; clarify the relationship of PV with other elements of the building's energy system; optimise the system economics. It forms a thorough design guide that covers all aspects if the subject and will enable all building designers, engineers and property owners to make the integration of PV into buildings an architecturally appealing and energetically effective option.

This text discusses factors such as mast overload, capacity of drawworks, and deviation in the hole to be drilled and the strata to be drilled. An omnibus approach to drilling techniques and problems is adopted.

Invited international contributions to this exciting new research field are included in this volume. It contains the specially selected papers from 45 key specialists given at the Symposium held under the auspices of the prestigious International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics at Turin in October 1994.

Tunnelling is a high risk business. Success depends crucially on the nature of the ground through which the tunnel is being driven. The cost of a thorough site investigation is usually only a small fraction of the cost of the construction work but this crucial phase of a project is often given too low a priority. This text provides a review of tunnelling contracts, particularly those for sewerage and drainage tunnels. It reviews site investigation methods, contract preparation and tender evaluation, tunnel costruction, claims and records, and the post-construction phase. Examples of good and bad practice of site investigation and other aspects of tunnelling are given, and the text is supported by over 500 references. Supplementary information in the second part of the book expands on particular aspects such as ground vibration and noise. Among other topics covered are quality assurance, rock properties and testing, pollution, permeability and dewatering.

This book deals with the new developments and application of the geometric method to the nonlinear stability problem for thin non-elastic shells. A.V. Pogorelov (Harkov, Ukraine) was the first to provide in his monographs the geometric construction of the deformed shell surface in a post-critical stage and deriving explicityly the asymptotic formulas for the upper and lower critical loads. The geometric method by Pogorelov is one of the most importanty analytical methods developed during the last century. Its power consists in its ability to provide a clear geometric picture of the post critical form of a deformed shell surface, successfully applied to a direct variational approach to the nonlinear shell stability problems. Until now, most of Pogorelov's monographs were written in Russian, which limited the diffusion of his ideas among the international scientific community. The present book is intended to assist and encourage the researchers in this field to apply the geometric method and the related results to everyday engineering practice. Further developments of the geometric method are carried out in this book and are directed to stability of thin shells in the case of elastic anisotropy, elastic anisotropy with linear memory and elasto-plastic properties of the shell material. This book is intended to serve both as a textbook for post-graduate students in structural engineering and applied mathematics, and as a revference monograph for academic and industrial researchers.

A state-of-the-art report prepared by RILEM Technical Committee 116-PCD. At present, durability of concrete is controlled by specifying the materials to be used, the methods of mixing, placing, curing and so on. This approach is often unsatisfactory and it is a common objective of concrete researchers and engineers to develop performance criteria which allow the potential durability of a particular concrete mix or structure to be estimated. However, the complexity of concrete as a material and the difficulty of developing consistent and reliable test methods has meant that progress has been slow. International interest in the subject is growing strongly with the development of international standards and so this book is very timely in giving an authoritative, international review of the subject. It will set the scene for the next few years as a key source of information and advice.

This book addresses problems in structural dynamics and control encountered in such applications as: aerospace structures, robotics, earthquake-damage prevention, and active noise suppression. The rapid developments of new technologies and computer power have made it possible to formulate and solve engineering problems that seemed unapproachable only a few years ago. The treatment combines concepts from control engineering (such as system norms and controllability) and structural engineering (such as modal properties and modal models), thereby both revealing new structural properties as well as giving new insights into well-known laws. The techniques discussed will make it easier for structural engineers to design control systems and for control engineers to deal with structural dynamics. The discussion begins by defining flexible structures and structural models, using such examples as the international space station and the antennas of NASA's deep-space network. The book then turns to controllability and observability; properties of system norms (Häsubinfinityü, Häsub2ü, and Hankel); and model reduction in terms of these norms. A discussion of sensor and actuator location follows: selecting these is rarely an easy task. The concluding chapters discuss the design of dissipative LQG and Häsubinfinityü controllers. Matlab codes for many of the procedures and methods discussed in the book are included.

Post-tensioning is the most versatile form of pre stressing, a technique which enables engineers to make the most effective use of the material properties of concrete, and so to design structural elements which are strong, slender and efficient. Design in post-tensioned concrete is not difficult and, if done properly, can contribute significantly to the economy and the aesthetic qualities of a building. Post-tensioned floors have found widespread use in office buildings and car park structures, and are also frequently employed in warehouses and public buildings. However, in spite of this, most prestressed concrete texts devote comparatively little attention to floors, concentrating instead on beam elements. This book answers the need for a comprehensive treatment of post-tensioned floor design.

In the past decade, the field of trenchless technology has expanded rapidly in products, equipment, and utilization. This expansion would not have occurred without a strong increase ineconomic incentives to the user. Because theoperating environment has changed, trenchless technology is often the preferred alternative to traditional methods of digging holes and installing conduits. The infrastructure in which we live has become more congested and has to beshared by several users. In addition, the cost of restoring a road or landscaped area after construction may be higher than the cost of installing the conduit. These factors add to the need for trenchless technology-the ability to dig holes without disturbing the surface. In some ways, trenchless technology is a futuristic concept. Ruth Krauss in a children'sbookofdefinitions wrote,"AHole...Is to Dig." But thisstatement is not necessarily true. Today, a hole could be to bore. Trenchless technology is not new. But it certainly has become the buzzword of the construction industry and it appears that it will have a growing impact in the way contractors, utilities, and others install new facilities. Methods to bore horizontal holes were practiced as early as the 18005, but this technology has greatly changed. Today's tools include sophisticated drilling methods, state-of the-art power systems, and electronic guidance techniques. These tools can bore faster, safer, and more accurately, and in many instances more economically, than open-cllt methods. Technology has played an important role in these advances, but economics has become the driving force in making these systems popular."

Discusses the requirements for establishing, maintaining and revitalizing an efficient engineering documentation control system for use by technical and manufacturing personnel in private industry. The book stresses simplicity and common sense in the development and implementation of all control practices, procedures and forms. A list of effective interchangeability rules, a glossary of essential engineering documentation terms and an extensive bibliography of key literature sources are provided.;This work is intended for mechanical, computer, design, manufacturing and civil engineers; program, purchasing and documentation and production control managers; and upper-level undergraduate, graduate and continuing-education students in these fields.

This book is an outcome of the third Herbertov Workshop on "interactions of railway vehicles with the track and its substructure" at Herbertov, Czech Republic. It proposes an appropriate model for the dynamic behaviour of the track and its substructure.

Derived from the invited IUTAM Symposium in September 1993, this volume's contributions discuss recent advances in fracture mechanics, studies of concrete, rock, ceramics and other brittle disordered materials at micro and structural levels. It draws together research and new applications in continuum, damage and fracture mechanics approaches.

It brings together, in a concise format, the key elements of the loads produced from explosive sources, how they interact with structures and the way structures respond to them. Explosive sources include gas, high explosives, dust and nuclear materials.
It presents quantitative information and design methods in a useable form without recourse to extensive mathematical analysis. The authors, Peter Smith and John Hetherington, are staff members at the Royal Military College of Science in Shrivenham and have been instrumental in establishing an active group comprising lecturing and research staff concerned with the response of structures to blast and ballistic loading.
Comprehensive coverage of a wide threat spectrum
Accessible style supported by relevant worked examples

Ferrocement is a versatile, construction material, with applications in low cost housing, rehabilitation, strengthening and repair of structures, especially in the developing world. The material can also be used in more advanced constructions for thin shell structures. This book forms the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Ferrocement. It presents the latest developments in research and application of the material and should serve as a useful reference for all those interested in the material. This includes both researchers in all parts of the world, but also those responsible for low cost housing and construction in developing countries, in South America, Africa and the Far East. This book should be of interest to researchers concerned with building materials, government and international agencies involved with low cost housing, and repair specialists, consultants, contractors and material suppliers.

Designed for engineers, this work considers flow-induced vibrations. It covers topics such as body oscillators; fluid loading and response of body oscillators; fluid oscillators; vibrations due to extraneously-induced excitation; and vibrations due to instability-induced excitation.

This book forms the Proceedings of the International Seminar held by the Institution of Structural Engineers and the Building Research Establishment in Brighton in April 1993. It brings together contributions from 15 countries on recent innovations in building and construction. Developments in the design of structures, improvements in existing materials and the introduction of new materials have historically gone hand-in-hand. The limited range of materials available for construction at any one time dictates the practical range of structural form and performance. It follows that current design methods, materials and construction techniques may not be suitable to meet the demands of particular applications. The introduction of a new material, or new practice may move the performance of the construction away from that which is reasonably well understood in the existing population of structures. By so doing, it may also lead to behaviour which cannot be adequately predicted by the current design methods. Developments such as these therefore bring risks as well as benefits. Innovations required to meet the clients' needs can also have a profound effect on the built environment. It is i

This book contains general recommendations for site clearing after man-made and natural disasters. It provides guidelines on the demolition of damaged structures and the reuse of demolition and construction materials. It has been prepared by an international task force originating from cooperation between RILEM and UNESCO. The book provides guidance for professionals and organizations on this increasingly important subject of disaster planning.

The need for demolition, repair and renewal of concrete and masonry structures is growing all over the world. In recent years natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and war activities in many countries have caused very extensive damage to urban areas. This has led to the need for effective methods of assessing structural damage, site clearance and reconstruction. This book presents and discusses worldwide technical developments in the fields of demolition and recycling. The necessary theoretical technical background has accumulated, but knowledge is not being translated into practice. In particular, information is needed on standards and guidelines to promote quick and safe demolition and reuse of concrete and masonry. RILEM has been actively involved in this field for over ten years, through the work of its Technical Committees and the organization of International Symposia. This book forms the Proceedings of the Third Symposium, held in Odense, Denmark in October 1993, and follows the earlier events in Rotterdam in 1985 and Tokyo in 1988. The book will be invaluable for civil engineers, planners, contractors and researchers, and for government authorities and specialists in urban development and disaster mitigation.

Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is a major problem, with serious implications for structural integrity and durability. Bridges and marine structures are particularly susceptible due to the more chemically aggressive environmental conditions that prevail. Hence there is a need to examine the durability, strength characteristics and suitability of alternative materials to steel reinforcement. This book provides a thorough overview of recent developments and applications in this area of growing importance. This book should be of interest to structural and civil engineers involved in the design and construction of concrete structures; materials researchers investigating durability and strength of reinforcing materials; and advanced students in these fields.

The area of material damage models has undergone a rapid development in the past few years. This is an extensive and comprehensive survey of one- and three-dimensional damage models for elastic and inelastic solids. The state-of-the-art is reported by about 200 references. The book not only provides a rich current source of knowledge, but also describes examples of practical applications, numerical procedures, and computer codes. The style of presentation is systematic, clear, and concise and is supported by illustrative diagrams.