This book examines distraction effects of in-vehicle number and text entry during motor vehicle operation. An experiment was conducted to assess the distraction potential of secondary tasks using the Alliance of Automotive Manufacturers' Principle 2.1B verification procedure implemented using specifications obtained from an Alliance member company. Secondary tasks included radio tuning, destination entry, 10-digit dialling, dialling via contact selection, and text messaging were performed using the original equipment systems of a 2010 Toyota Prius V and an iPhone 3GS smart phone. Sixty-three participants 35 to 54 years old drove a low-fidelity, PC-based simulator while performing the secondary tasks. The driving scenario required participants to maintain a 150-ft following distance behind a lead vehicle that was travelling at a constant speed of 50 mph. Alliance driving performance metrics included lane exceedance frequency and the standard deviation (SD) of car-following headway. Two sets of analyses compared present study outcomes with those from a previous study, which used a Dynamic Following and Detection (DFD) protocol that provided both Alliance Principle 2.1B and other vehicle control and visual target detection metrics. The results are presented in this book.

Federal surface transportation programs are currently funded primarily through taxes on motor fuels that are deposited in the highway trust fund. Although there has been some modification to the tax system, and the tax rates which have not been increased at the federal level since 1993. Prior to the recession that began in 2007, annual increases in driving, with a concomitant increase in fuel use, were sufficient to keep revenues rising steadily. This is no longer the case. Future increases in fuel economy standards are expected to suppress motor fuel consumption in the years ahead even if annual increases in vehicle mileage resume. Congress has yet to address the surface transportation program's fundamental revenue issues, and has not given serious consideration to raising fuel taxes in recent years. Instead, Congress has financed the federal surface transportation program by supplementing fuel tax revenues with transfers from the U.S. Treasury general fund. This book begins with a discussion of the problems associated with the trust fund financing system (which supports both federal highway and public transportation programs) and then explores possible options for financing surface transportation infrastructure.

Early in the twentieth century, the increasing number of motor vehicles led to each county being allocated distinctive letters to use in licencing. In Cornwall's case these were AF and every vehicle, whether propelled by steam or by the internal combustion engine, had to carry these letters in its registration. In this book, Ernie Warmington has drawn on his wide-ranging collection of Cornish postcards and other memorabilia to show road transport in the county through time. Starting with the horse-drawn wagons which carried gold bullion between Falmouth and London in the late nineteenth century, the author moves on to the early motor vehicles owned by bankers, clergymen, mine-owners and other local gentry and ends with the modern transport we all use today. With detailed captions providing historical and social context, this is an intriguing compilation of images sure to delight anyone with an interest in Cornwall and its heritage.

Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these isssues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions. In this book, Alessandro Ferrari and Pietro Pizzo provide a full review of spark-ignited engine fuel injection systems. The most popular typologies of fuel injection systems are considered, with special focus on state-of-the-art solutions. Dedicated sections on the methods for air mass evaluation, fuel delivery low-pressure modules, and the specific subsystems for idle, cold start, and warm-up control are also included. The authors pay special attention to mixture formation strategies, as they are a fundamental theme for SI engines. An exhaustive overview of fuel injection technologies is provided, and mixture formation strategies for spark ignited combustion engines are considered. Fuel Injection Systems illustrates the performance of these systems and will also serve as a reference for engineers who are active in the aftermarket, offering detailed information on fuel injection system solutions that are mounted in older vehicles.

The day will soon come when you will be able to verbally communicate with a vehicle and instruct it to drive to a location. The car will navigate through street traffic and take you to your destination without additional instruction or effort on your part. Today, this scenario is still in the future, but the automotive industry is racing to toward the finish line to have automated driving vehicles deployed on our roads. ADAS and Automated Driving: A Practical Approach to Verification and Validation focuses on how automated driving systems (ADS) can be developed from concept to a product on the market for widescale public use. It covers practically viable approaches, methods, and techniques with examples from multiple production programs across different organizations. The author provides an overview of the various Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and ADS currently being developed and installed in vehicles. The technology needed for large-scale production and public use of fully autonomous vehicles is still under development, and the creation of such technology is a highly innovative area of the automotive industry. This text is a comprehensive reference for anyone interested in a career focused on the verification and validation of ADAS and ADS. The examples included in the volume provide the reader foundational knowledge and follow best and proven practices from the industry. Using the information in ADAS and Automated Driving, you can kick start your career in the field of ADAS and ADS.

Although there had been experiments with the use of a new form of transport - the 'trackless tram' (better known as the trolleybus) - during the first decade of the 20th century, it was in June 1911 that Bradford and Leeds became the country's pioneering operators of trolleybuses. Whilst, in Leeds, the trolleybus was destined to have a fairly peripheral role (and finally disappeared in 1928), in Bradford, perhaps as a consequence of the hills surrounding the city centre which represented ideal territory for the trolleybus, the 'trackless' was destined to have a long and illustrious career stretching for more than 60 years until - on 26 March 1972 - the final first-generation trolleybus system finally succumbed to the all-conquering motorbus. This is the first of two volumes to cover the history of all of the trolleybus operators of the British Isles and focuses on those systems in the North of England and Scotland as well as the only network in Northern Ireland - Belfast. The book includes comprehensive fleet and route histories allied to some 250 illustrations, both colour and mono, including a map of each network featured.

Author Daniel E. Williams, an industry professional with more 30 years of experience in chassis control systems from concept to launch, brings this experience and his unique approach to readers of Generalized Vehicle Dynamics. This book makes use of nomenclature and conventions not used in other texts. This combination allows the derivation of complex vehicles that roll with multiple axles, any of which can be steered, to be directly predicted by manipulation of a generalized model. Similarly the ride characteristics of such a generalized vehicle are derived. This means the vehicle dynamic behavior of these vehicles can be directly written from the results derived in this work, and there is no need to start from Newton's Second Law to create such insight. Using new and non-standard conventions allows wider applicability to complex vehicles, including autonomous vehicles. Generalized Vehicle Dynamics is divided into two main sections-ride and handling-with roll considered in both. Each section concludes with a case study that applies the concepts presented in the preceding chapters to actual vehicles. Chapters include Simple Suspension as a Linear Dynamic System, The Quarter-Car Model, The Pitch Plane Model, The Roll Plane Mode, Active Suspension to Optimize Ride, Handling Basics, Reference Frames, New Conventions, Two-Axle Yaw Plane Model, Rear Axle Steering and Lanekeeping, Two-Axle Vehicles that Roll, Three-Axle Vehicle Dynamics, Generalized Multi-Axle Vehicle Dynamics and Automated Vehicle Architecture from Vehicle Dynamics. "A fresh and more inclusive book that lays out much new material in vehicle dynamics." - L. Daniel Metz, Ph.D.

Merseyside is an area with a colourful bus history. Even with the municipal colours long gone and the post-deregulation mix of operators replaced with the dominance of Arriva and Stagecoach, the ten years between 2010 and 2020 are not without their variety. The Merseyside bus network is made up of a mixture of commercial and part or fully tendered routes, which lends itself to an array of vehicle types and operators, some of which no longer trade. In this book Simon Ackers charts the changing vehicles, liveries and operators over that period, looking at how the bus operators have responded to the implementation of DDA requirements, emerging technologies and emissions standards, and improved quality to encourage passenger growth. The author worked in the local bus industry during this time and the photographs are each accompanied by an insightful and detailed caption.

Philip Wallis visited West and East Yorkshire with his camera in 1962. What he didn't know at the time was that he would capture on film a sector of the bus industry that was about to be lost forever. The area's two largest independents, Samuel Ledgard and West Riding, would be sold to the nationalised Transport Holding Company within five years. British Electric Traction group companies would be merged with the Transport Holding Company to form the National Bus Company in 1969. Under government directive to create larger operating units, most of the area's municipal operators were destined to be absorbed into massive Passenger Transport Executives in 1974. Rigid standardisation would then become the order of the day. This book illustrates and describes the fascinating range of municipal, company and independent operators that could be seen in West and East Yorkshire sixty years ago. Vehicle variety of the time is highlighted by twenty different makes of bus, trolleybus and coach displayed among the 180 images.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. CREATE RADICAL NEW RIDESWITH THESE OUTLANDISH PROJECTS!,/p> Want to take your evil talents on the road? Bike, Scooter, and Chopper Projects for the Evil Genius has everything you need to morph your old, unwanted wheels into fabulous, fully functional vehicles. Now you can fuel your artistic side, conserve energy, and get where you need to go with serious attitude! Dozens of pictures throughout the building process help you create these rad rides, some that you power yourself and some that will propel you for extensive distances with just the push of a button, running on inexpensive power obtained from a wall socket or the sun. Each project can be modified, mixed together, and customized, enabling you to create literally hundreds of new devices-the only limit is your imagination! Features illustrated instructions and plans for more than 13 highly detailed projects, all of which can be built using easily available parts and a few basic tools. Shows you how to completely dismantle a standard bicycle in order to twist it into something much more evil. Gives you alternative design ideas that leave room for you to mix or change the projects to suit your own evil agenda. Learn new skills and look cool - this book is for everyone with a desire to chop and create. Garage hackers unite! Regardless of your skill level, Bike, Scooter, and Chopper Projects for the Evil Genius will arm you with the skills you need in order to churn out your very own evil rides. Have a look at what is on our Evil Genius drawing board... Attitude and Style Gladiator Chopper Trike Old Skool Attitude The Whipper Snapper Speed and Comfort StreetFox Tadpole Trike DeltaWolf Racing Trike Little Warrior Trike Alternative Transportation Ucan2 HandCycle SpinCycle Vortex SkyStyle Tallbike Electric Power Sparky MiniBike LongRanger Bike Silent Speedster Kids Electric Trike

After his last book Escapes, Stefan Bogner returns to the Alps again with this beautifully illustrated book. This time he not only photographed particular routes, but he looked for the ideal tour through the Alps: 3 countries, 14 passes - the perfect little escape for 4 days. Different from Bogner's photographs in Escapes or Curves where Bogner presents dreamlike empty streets, Porsche Drive focuses on the journey in Porsche models like Porsche 906, Porsche 911, Porsche 918 and more. Stefan Bogner also drives his own Porsche 911 1970 ST. Jan Karl Baedeker's sweeping lyrics make the track even more tangible - almost as if you were at the wheel of your own Porsche. In addition to Bogner's amazing photographs, Porsche Drive offers information on each route and height profile, allowing the reader to follow itinerary. Text in English and German.

In this third edition of Vehicle Accident Analysis & Reconstruction Methods, Raymond M. Brach and R. Matthew Brach have expanded and updated their essential work for professionals in the field of accident reconstruction. Most accidents can be reconstructed effectively using of calculations and investigative and experimental data: the authors present the latest scientific, engineering, and mathematical reconstruction methods, providing a firm scientific foundation for practitioners. Accidents that cannot be reconstructed using the methods in this book are rare. In recent decades, the field of crash reconstruction has been transformed through the use of technology. The advent of event data records (EDRs) on vehicles signaled the era of modern crash reconstruction, which utilizes the same physical evidence that was previously available as well as electronic data that are measured/captured before, during, and after the collision. There is increased demand for more professional and accurate reconstruction as more crash data is available from vehicle sensors. The third edition of this essential work includes a new chapter on the use of EDRs as well as examples using EDR data in accident reconstruction. Early chapters feature foundational material that is necessary for the understanding of vehicle collisions and vehicle motion; later chapters present applications of the methods and include example reconstructions. As a result, Vehicle Accident Analysis & Reconstruction Methods remains the definitive resource in accident reconstruction.

The AEC Regal IVs and Regent IIIs, or to give them their class prefix letters RFs and RTs, are among the most revered buses to have served London over the years. The RFs were maids of all work and were tailored for private hire, Green Line coach work and ordinary stage bus work in both the central and country areas. The first of the type were introduced in October 1951 and a total of 700 vehicles were built for the London Transport Executive. They replaced virtually all the other types of single-deckers then operating in the metropolis. The RT was first introduced to service in 1939 and production ran to 151 vehicles before construction ceased in early 1942. Following the war, the Park Royal factory recommenced building the type in 1947, with the last new chassis being rolled out in 1954, taking the bonnet number RT4825. Both types soldiered on throughout the 1970s as LTE encountered severe problems with their 'OPO' replacements before both finally bowed out within a week of each other in March/April 1979. This account charts the last years of operation of both types from the mid-1970s onward, focusing on North London.

British Buses and Coaches in the 1960s, is an overview of the bus and coach scene during a decade of great social and economic change in Britain's history. This volume looks at the interesting and varied number of bus and coach operators that still existed, before and just after the formation of the National Bus Company in 1968. Jim Blake has compiled an interesting collection of material from his extensive collection of negatives taken during that time, which give a flavour of how things were at that time of great change.

No other American car carries the mystique of the Corvette, and early in 1997, General Motors unveiled the stunning fifth-generation Corvette to universal acclaim. But GM's triumph was hard-won -- the legendary sports car had nearly fallen victim to internal company politics and a squeeze on profits. In this candid and compelling book, journalist James Schefter reveals the inside story of the people who saved and reinvented the Corvette, from the drawing board to the assembly line.

For eight years, Schefter enjoyed unprecedented access to every part of GM, including areas off-limits to many company vice presidents. A true insider, he observed the new Corvette's odyssey from sketch to clay model to prototype to production vehicle. He accompanied test drivers across scorching deserts and snow-packed mountains. And he came to know the fiercely dedicated team of designers, engineers, and executives who fought and achieved their dream: a new Corvette that is better conceived, better built, and less expensive than its predecessors. The Corvette's odyssey to reclaim its glory is a thrilling testament to the endurance of American spirit.

A Drama of the American Workplace
With a New Afterword

An enlightening peek at the inner workings of a large corporation trying to reinvent itself. . . . It's rare to find an auto book that explains the process of creating a car with so much color and detail."—Business Week (a Best Business Book of 1997)

Faced with the task of redesigning the Taurus, America's best-selling car and the flagship of its fleet, Ford Motor Company assembled 700 designers, engineers, planners, and bean-counters under a tough manager who set out to retake engineering and manufacturing ground lost to the Japanese. On their shoulders rested the reputation and the profits of Ford, not to mention an investment of close to 3 billion dollars.

This biting, insightful account by a seasoned journalist follows the 1996 Taurus from its conception as a clay model in Detroit to its birth in an Atlanta assembly plant to its public debut in a New Jersey dealership. Mary Walton, who was given unprecedented access to the Taurus team, chronicles brilliantly the clashes between designers and engineers, marketers and accountants, product guys and manufacturing guys to create a revealing portrait of the tension, the passions, and the pride that fuel the race to #1.

"An engrossing drama . . . with fascinating insights into every aspect of the car's creation. . . . Walton does an admirable job of making the redesign of a car into a compelling human-interest story."—Publishers Weekly (starred review)

"An engrossing, satisfying read."—Doron Levin, Philadelphia Inquirer (a Best Book of 1997)

"Vivid and informative. . . . Consistently entertaining because it is engagingly written, this is the rare business book that is a page turner."—Keith Bradsher, New York Times Book Review

In 2018 almost half of all vehicles made in North America were produced at foreign-owned plants, and the sector was on track to monopolize the market. Despite this, the industry has been overlooked compared with its domestic counterpart, both in scholarship and popular memory. Redressing this neglect, America's Other Automakers provides a new history of the foreignowned auto sector, the first to extensively draw on archival sources and to articulate the human agency of participants, including workers, managers, and industry recruiters. Timothy J. Minchin challenges the view that the industry's growth primarily reflected incentives, stressing human agency and the complexity of individual stories instead. Deeply human in its approach, the book also explores the industry's impact on grassroots communities, showing that it had more costs than supporters acknowledged. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, America's Other Automakers uncovers significant tensions over unionization, reports of discriminatory hiring, and unease about the industry's rapid growth, critically exploring seven large assembly facilities and their impact on the communities in which they were built.

Shuttle Buses, based in Kilwinning, Ayrshire, celebrates thirty years in business in 2020. During that time it has grown from running two Ford Transit minibuses to a modern fleet of fifty-five buses and coaches operating throughout south-west Scotland. Over 150 vehicles have been operated over three decades and twenty manufacturers have been represented in the fleet. Traditional suppliers like ADL, Leyland, Mercedes, Optare, Scania and Volvo are joined by less common buses from Bedford, CarInd, Fiat, KingLong and Talbot, in what must be one of the most diverse fleets operated in the UK in recent times. Almost every vehicle ever owned is pictured in this collection, at work and in less frequently photographed situations. Written by the co-founder and managing director, the informative captions give an operator's perspective of each type, detailing mistakes that have been made over the years and the company's many success stories.

Although to many enthusiasts, municipal vehicles never extended beyond the trams, trolleybuses and buses that were required to provide the basic public service, behind them were a range of vehicles that were required to enable operations to proceed smoothly. These vehicles - tower wagons, tree-loppers, towing vehicles, training vehicles, mobile canteens and numerous others - are vehicles that, historically, have tended to be ignored when writing the history of municipal operators but without which operation would have been impossible. Some of these vehicles were often elderly buses converted for new duties, others were specially constructed for their somewhat specialised tasks; all, however, are fascinating examples of historic municipal vehicles. Gavin Booth, one of the country's leading experts on the subject of public transport history, has delved deep into the archives of many of the country's leading transport photographers to produce a fascinating survey of these often ignored vehicles. Dividing the subject into each of the specialised tasks, he shows how the various types of vehicle evolved during the twentieth century. Alongside the excellent photographs, the author's well-researched text and detailed captions make the book an essential work of reference for all those interested in the history of Britain's municipal bus operations.

Designated as a new town some fifty years ago, Milton Keynes was designed for the car owner, but public transport has provided a vital link for many. The large shopping centre opened in 1979 became the focus point for both town and country routes, with an underused bus station next to the new rail station a short distance away. United Counties provided the backbone of services until 1986 when it was replaced by Milton Keynes Citybus. Recast services at deregulation brought almost 100 minibuses to the area, with bigger buses returning over the following decade. It then passed through several owners over the next fifteen years until coming under Arriva ownership. Independents now run several routes in the area, with Stagecoach running services from its Bedford, Northampton and Kettering depots. National Express has a coachway located by the Park & Ride to provide further interest. In this book, Gary Seamarks takes us on a pictorial journey through the buses of Milton Keynes.

The Dennis company has been building vehicles since 1895, making it the oldest continuously producing British manufacturer. From its origins in a small Guildford shop, the company has grown to become a major bus manufacturer with its products selling around the world. This book discusses the company's highs and lows, through two world wars, challenging markets and ownership changes. It documents the vehicles produced and their innovative design features, from early cars and street-cleaning machines to vans, buses, trucks, fire engines and ambulances. First-hand descriptions of how, and why, some of the company's most successful products such as the Dart, Trident and Enviro buses evolved. It explains why their once market-leading fire engines are no longer made. It also analyses the reasons why some products were less successful and explores what happened to parts of the company that were sold over the years. Finally, the company's future opportunities and challenges are considered. The author, Andy Goundry, has not only drawn on his own personal experience of almost twenty years of employment with the company but he has drawn on what is left of the company archives, private collections and first-hand accounts, to produce this book as a salutation of over 125 years of continuous manufacturing.

'You see them everywhere' was the slogan adopted by Bedford when advertising its commercial vehicles in the 1930s and it held true for many decades. The company set out to produce reliable vehicles at an economic price. Catering to the small trader with its 30cwt and 2 ton trucks, and 6cwt and 10/12cwt vans, the company was one of the leading manufacturers within its first seven years. During the war Bedford produced more than 250,000 lorries for the armed forces, such as the 15cwt 'pneumonia wagons' and the more solid 3-tonners. With a return to peacetime conditions, Bedford was able to produce new vehicles which it had been unable to launch during the war but regained market supremacy by 1947, when the company produced its 500,000th truck - the first British manufacturer to reach this figure. Bedford entered the market for heavier vehicles in 1950 and its one millionth truck was produced in 1958. Two years later the first of the TK range was announced and the concept of cab ahead of engine was introduced. This basic chassis layout has been followed ever since. The changes of design, use and loads carried in the course of 50 years of steady progress are illustrated in this book, which proves the truth of the slogan, 'You see them everywhere'.

One of the great names of the British bus and coach industry was Royal Blue, whose vehicles were a familiar sight on the express routes between London and the West Country. For many years, Royal Blue was the name adopted by the Southern National and Western National companies for their express services, but the origins of the name date back to the late nineteenth century when a horse-drawn coach service operated from Bournemouth. The Royal Blue operation grew under the ownership of the Elliott family until it was acquired by the two subsidiaries of the Tilling Group. As part of this group, the company ultimately ended up integrated into the National Bus Company and its individual identity was lost with the creation of NBC's long-distance coaching arm, National Express. This book examines the day-to-day operations of the company and how it interlinked with the other operators in the areas that it served, and in particular covers the operator's express operations in the period up until the mid-1960s.

From tiny acorns, mighty oaks do grow, and this is certainly true when it comes to the story of Leyland Motors. From humble beginnings building steam lawnmowers in the Lancashire town of Leyland, the company grew to become one of the largest vehicle manufacturers in the world. With groundbreaking ideas such as designing buses and coaches with bespoke chassis rather than converted lorry chassis, Leyland vehicles were sold all over the world. Through acquisition and merger, the majority of British vehicle manufacturers ended up under the Leyland banner, resulting in the creation of the mighty British Leyland Motor Corporation, whose subsequent fall from grace has been widely documented elsewhere. This, the first in a series of books showcasing the products of the passenger division of Leyland since 1960, concentrates on single-deck coaches and includes such wellknown 'big cats' as the Leopard, Tiger and Royal Tiger among others. It contains 180 photographs, most of which are in colour, all with informative text and captured when the vehicles were in their operating heyday.