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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Gender studies > Women's studies > General
Women, Witchcraft, and the Inquisition in Spain and the New World
investigates the mystery and unease surrounding the issue of women
called before the Inquisition in Spain and its colonial territories
in the Americas, including Mexico and Cartagena de Indias. Edited
by Maria Jesus Zamora Calvo, this collection gathers innovative
scholarship that considers how the Holy Office of the Inquisition
functioned as a closed, secret world defined by patriarchal
hierarchy and grounded in misogynistic standards. Ten essays
present portraits of women who, under accusations as diverse as
witchcraft, bigamy, false beatitude, and heresy, faced the Spanish
and New World Inquisitions to account for their lives. Each essay
draws on the documentary record of trials, confessions, letters,
diaries, and other primary materials. Focusing on individual cases
of women brought before the Inquisition, the authors study their
subjects' social status, particularize their motivations, determine
the characteristics of their prosecution, and deduce the reasons
used to justify violence against them. With their subjection of
women to imprisonment, interrogation, and judgment, these cases
display at their core a specter of contempt, humiliation,
silencing, and denial of feminine selfhood. The contributors
include specialists in the early modern period from multiple
disciplines, encompassing literature, language, translation,
literary theory, history, law, iconography, and anthropology. By
considering both the women themselves and the Inquisition as an
institution, this collection works to uncover stories, lives, and
cultural practices that for centuries have dwelled in obscurity.
During the years of apartheid rule in South Africa, many women 'skipped' the country and fled into exile to evade harassment, detention, imprisonment and torture by state security forces. Leaving the country of their birth, many took calculated, though dangerous, risks to cross borders. Once in exile, sometimes for several decades, many experienced discrimination, danger, deprivations and the stresses associated with being a foreigner in a strange land. All lived with the distant yet distinct hope that they would one day be able to return to a liberated homeland.
In Prodigal Daughters, eighteen women tell their intensely personal stories of exile, re-imagining and reliving a past for the sake of fixing in memory narratives that would surely disappear in a country still struggling to shake off the shackles of racial inequality and oppression. Stories of being accepted or rejected in host countries, and equally stories of homecoming, read like bittersweet memories of survival, longing and intrigue. For many of these women, a life in exile enabled their growing realisation that apartheid was just one facet of oppression in the world. It connected with much broader struggles for justice and human rights.
South Africa has yet to fully appreciate the memories and records of life experienced in that `desert of exile', experiences that have helped society become what it is today.
A long and ongoing challenge for social justice movements has been
how to address difference. Traditional strategies have often
emphasized universalizing messages and common identities as means
of facilitating collective action. Feminist movements, gay
liberation movements, racial justice movements, and even labour
movements, have all focused predominantly on respective singular
dimensions of oppression. Each has called on diverse groups of
people to mobilize, but without necessarily acknowledging or
grappling with other relevant dimensions of identity and
oppression. While focusing on commonality can be an effective means
of mobilization, universalist messages can also obscure difference
and can serve to exclude and marginalize groups in already
precarious positions. Scholars and activists, particularly those
located at the intersection of these movements, have long advocated
for more inclusive approaches that acknowledge the significance and
complexity of different social locations, with mixed success.
Gender Mobilizations and Intersectional Challenges provides a much
needed intersectional analysis of social movements in Europe and
North America. With an emphasis on gendered mobilization, it looks
at movements traditionally understood and/or classified as
singularly gendered as well as those organized around other
dimensions of identity and oppression or at the intersection of
multiple dimensions. This comparative study of movements allows for
a better understanding of the need for as well as the challenges
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