This book discusses the latest investigations into the electronic structure of narrow-gap semiconductors in extreme conditions, and describes in detail magnetic field and pressure measurements using two high-quality single crystals: black phosphorus (BP) and lead telluride (PbTe). The book presents two significant findings for BP and PbTe. The first is the successful demonstration of the pressure-induced transition from semiconductor to semimetal in the electronic structure of BP using magnetoresistance measurements. The second is the quantitative estimation of how well the Dirac fermion description works for electronic properties in PbTe. The overviews on BP and PbTe from the point of view of material properties help readers quickly understand the typical electronic character of narrow-gap semiconductor materials, which has recently attracted interest in topological features in condensed matter physics. Additionally the introductory review of the principles and methodology allows readers to understand the high magnetic field and pressure experiments.

This book offers an essential introduction to the linear and non-linear behavior of solid materials, and to the concepts of deformation, displacement and stress, within the context of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. To illustrate the fundamental principles, the book starts with an overview of solid mechanics, experimental methods, classes of material behaviors, and the thermodynamic modeling framework. It then explores linear elastic behavior, thermoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture mechanics and damage behavior. The last part of the book is devoted to conventional and magnetic shape memory alloys, which may be used as actuators or sensors in adaptive structures. Given its range of coverage, the book will be especially valuable for students of engineering courses in Mechanics. Further, it includes a wealth of examples and exercises, making it accessible to the widest possible audience.

This book discusses recent findings and advanced theories presented at two workshops at TU Berlin in 2017 and 2018. It underlines several advantages of generalized continuum models compared to the classical Cauchy continuum, which although widely used in engineering practice, has a number of limitations, such as: * The structural size is very small. * The microstructure is complex. * The effects are localized. As such, the development of generalized continuum models is helpful and results in a better description of the behavior of structures or materials. At the same time, there are more and more experimental studies supporting the new models because the number of material parameters is higher.

Tensor Calculus and Analytical Dynamics provides a concise, comprehensive, and readable introduction to classical tensor calculus - in both holonomic and nonholonomic coordinates - as well as to its principal applications to the Lagrangean dynamics of discrete systems under positional or velocity constraints. The thrust of the book focuses on formal structure and basic geometrical/physical ideas underlying most general equations of motion of mechanical systems under linear velocity constraints.
Written for the theoretically minded engineer, Tensor Calculus and Analytical Dynamics contains uniquely accessbile treatments of such intricate topics as:
tensor calculus in nonholonomic variables
Pfaffian nonholonomic constraints
related integrability theory of Frobenius
The book enables readers to move quickly and confidently in any particular geometry-based area of theoretical or applied mechanics in either classical or modern form.

The design of bridges across rivers and streams is a major component of many civil engineering projects. The size of waterways must be kept reasonably small for reasons of economy and yet be large enough to allow floods to pass. Bridge Hydraulics is the first book to consider both arched and rectangular waterway openings in detail and to describe all of the main methods of analysis. With clear examples and relevant case studies, using both laboratory models and full- size bridges in the field, it is not only a thorough and accessible introduction to bridge hydraulics, but also a guide that will enable engineers to produce authoritative analyses and more effective designs.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203028414

This book mainly introduces some basic phenomena and laws of highly ductile materials during elastoplastic deformation, and their engineering applications, such as the transfer and relief of stress concentration in the notch root, the mitigation of possible brittle fracture, the ductile deformation and damage, fatigue, energy absorption, plastic buckling, thermal stress problems, etc. It shows a number of revolutions in modern applications and design, which are beneficial to the safety of modern equipment, and improve applicability. In addition, the first three chapters of this book also briefly introduce the basic knowledge of elastoplastic deformation and analysis as a preliminary knowledge. This book can be used as a textbook for advanced undergraduate students and postgraduate in non-mechanics majors such as mechanical engineering, power, material or civil engineering, as well as scholars and engineers in related fields.

Featuring a model-based approach to fault detection and diagnosis in engineering systems, this book contains up-to-date, practical information on preventing product deterioration, performance degradation and major machinery damage.;College or university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special student price. Price is available upon request.

Detailing a number of structural analysis problems such as residual welding stresses and distortions and behaviour of thin-walled rods loaded in bending, this text also explores mathematical function minimization methods, expert systems and optimum design of welded box beams.

This book presents a consistent mathematical theory of the non-electronic physical properties of disordered and amorphous solids, starting from the atomic-level dynamics and leading to experimentally verifiable descriptions of macroscopic properties such as elastic and viscoelastic moduli, plasticity, phonons and vibrational spectra, and thermal properties. This theory begins with the assumption of the undeniable existence of an “amorphous lattice�, which allows one to relegate the theoretical uncertainties about the ultimate nature of the glass transition to a subsidiary role and thus take a more pragmatic approach towards the modelling of physical properties.  The book introduces the reader not only to the subtle physical concepts underlying the dynamics, mechanics, and statistical physics of glasses and amorphous solids, but also to the essential mathematical and numerical methods that cannot be readily gleaned from specialized literature since they are spread out among many often technically demanding papers. These methods are presented in this book in such a way as to be sufficiently general, allowing for the mathematical or numerical description of novel physical phenomena observed in many different types of amorphous solids (including soft and granular systems), regardless of the atomistic details and particular chemistry of the material.   This monograph is aimed at researchers and graduate-level students in physics, materials science, physical chemistry and engineering working in the areas of amorphous materials, soft matter and granular systems, statistical physics, continuum mechanics, plasticity, and solid mechanics. It is also particularly well suited to those working on molecular dynamics simulations, molecular coarse-grained simulations, as well as ab initio atomistic and DFT methods for solid-state and materials science.

Assuming a familiarity with the fundamentals of fiber science and textile processes. Modern Textile Characterization Methods focuses on current advances in selected characterization procedures...covers polymer characterization methods that elucidate chemical composition and configuration, morphology, and physicochemical properties...discusses how analytical pyrolysis can help identify small changes in polymers, fibers, and other textile auxiliaries...considers color identification, separation, and purification...examines dyeing thermodynamics, dye compatibility, and dye-fiber interactions...illustrates the use of spectroscopic methods to determine molecular structure, mixture composition, and properties of cross-linking chemicals...describes how pore structures in fibrous networks relate to absorbency and flow-through processes...presents the theoretical basis for measuring the mechanical properties of single fibers directly...analyzes textile attributes such as handle, color, and protective qualities...evaluates the chemical and microbial barrier properties of textiles...and more.

This text provides an insight into the wear processes which take place during the cutting of rock with steel cutting tools. Rock cutting experiments in different rock types leading to a new approach to the estimation of rock cutting tool wear are described.

Applied Engineering Failure Analysis: Theory and Practice provides a point of reference for engineering failure analysis (EFA) cases, presenting a compilation of case studies covering a 35-year period, from the 1970s to 2012. This period spans the era from the time when slide rules were used routinely for engineering calculations, and when hard-copy photographs taken by film cameras were pasted onto typewritten sheets to make reports, to the present time when all these functions have become much less onerous through computer assistance. The cases are drawn from such diverse fields as mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mining, civil/structural engineering, electrical power systems, and radiation damage; the last two topics are quite scarce in current publications. It includes theoretical content that deals with useful topics in basic theory, material properties, failure mechanisms, EFA methodology, and applications. It provides high-quality illustrations throughout, which greatly helps to promote the understanding of the failure characteristics described. This book offers an integrated approach that serves as a useful first reference in the above topics, for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for practicing engineers. The book provides a hands-on approach to EFA, which helps the user to develop an understanding of potential failure situations, to explore the consequences, and to better understand how to solve similar problems; it also helps users to develop their own techniques for most other engineering failure problems. The authors include a section on technical report writing, which will assist failure investigators in getting their findings across. They also present simple engineering calculations that may serve as illustrative examples, and typical problems and solutions are included at the end of each chapter.

Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed.
Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.

All aspects of our lives, industry, health, travel and leisure, are utterly reliant on rubber materials, yet typically this notion rarely occurs to us. Increasingly, greater demands are made on elastomeric compounds and we seek elevated performance in terms of improved physical and chemical properties. In particular, we have come to expect rubber components (tyres, vibration isolators, seals etc) to exhibit exceptional wear and fatigue resistance, often at elevated temperatures. Unsurprisingly then, the emphasis in characterising isochoric materials has shifted significantly away from understanding and modelling hyperelastic material behaviour, to a position where we can confi dently design and manufacture rubber components having the functionality and resilience to meet the dynamic loading and harsh environmental conditions that are prevalent today. In consequence, state-of-the-art technology in terms of dynamic response and fatigue resistance are strongly represented here along with numerous insights into advanced elastomers used in novel applications. This development is not at the expense of research devoted to current test procedures and the constitutive equations and algorithms that underpin finite element methods. As a result, Constitutive Models for Rubber VII is not only essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics and researchers working in the discipline, but also for all those designers and engineers involved in the improvement of machines and devices by introducing new and novel elastomers possessing elevated properties.

The subject of perturbation expansions is a powerful analytical technique which can be applied to problems which are too complex to have an exact solution - for example, calculating the drag of an aircraft in flight. These techniques can be used in place of complicated numerical solutions. In some areas such as boundary layers it provides the essential ideas of scaling of regions of rapid change which must be understood before an appropriate discretization can be constructed. The book is aimed at students in applied mathematics, engineering, industrial mathematics, fluid mechanics and computational mechanics.

The subject of perturbation expansions is a powerful analytical technique which can be applied to problems which are too complex to have an exact solution, for example, calculating the drag of an aircraft in flight. These techniques can be used in place of complicated numerical solutions. This book provides an account of the main techniques of perturbation expansions applied to both differential equations and integral expressions. Features include a non-rigorous treatment of the subject at undergraduate level not available in any other current text; contains computer programs to enable the student to explore particular ideas and realistic case studies of industrial applications; a number of practical examples are included in the text to enhance understanding of points raised, particularly in the areas of mechanics and fluid mechanics; presents the main techniques of perturbation expansion at a level accessible to the undergraduate student.

This book examines both the potential application of electronic nose technology, and the current state of development of chemical sensors for the detection of vapours from explosives, such as those used in landmines. The two fields have developed, somewhat in parallel, over the past decade and so one of the purposes of this workshop, on which the book is based, was to bring together scientists from the two fields in order to challenge the two communities and, mutually, stimulate both fields.

It begins with a review of the basic principles of an electronic nose and explores possible ways in which the detection limit of conventional electronic nose technology can be reduced to the level required for the trace levels observed for many explosive materials. Next are reviews of the use of several different types of solid-state chemical sensors: polymer-based sensors, i.e. chemiluminescent, fluorescent and optical, to detect explosive materials; metal oxide semiconducting resistive sensors; and then electrochemical sensors. Next, different pattern recognition techniques are presented to enhance the performance of chemical sensors. Then biological systems are considered as a possible blue-print for chemical sensing. The biology can be employed either to understand the way insects locate odorant sources, or to understand the signal processing neural pathways. Next is a discussion of some of the new types of electronic noses; namely, a fast GC column with a SAW detector and a micromechanical sensor. Finally, the important issues of sampling technologies and the design of the microfluidic systems are considered. In particular, the use of pre-concentrators and solid phase micro extractors to boost the vapour concentration before it is introduced to the chemical sensor or electronic nose.

The first of two volumes in the Electronic Design Automation for Integrated Circuits Handbook, Second Edition, Electronic Design Automation for IC System Design, Verification, and Testing thoroughly examines system-level design, microarchitectural design, logic verification, and testing. Chapters contributed by leading experts authoritatively discuss processor modeling and design tools, using performance metrics to select microprocessor cores for integrated circuit (IC) designs, design and verification languages, digital simulation, hardware acceleration and emulation, and much more. New to This Edition: Major updates appearing in the initial phases of the design flow, where the level of abstraction keeps rising to support more functionality with lower non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs Significant revisions reflected in the final phases of the design flow, where the complexity due to smaller and smaller geometries is compounded by the slow progress of shorter wavelength lithography New coverage of cutting-edge applications and approaches realized in the decade since publication of the previous edition-these are illustrated by new chapters on high-level synthesis, system-on-chip (SoC) block-based design, and back-annotating system-level models Offering improved depth and modernity, Electronic Design Automation for IC System Design, Verification, and Testing provides a valuable, state-of-the-art reference for electronic design automation (EDA) students, researchers, and professionals.

X-ray diffraction is a useful and powerful analysis technique for characterizing crystalline materials commonly employed in MSE, physics, and chemistry. This informative new book describes the principles of X-ray diffraction and its applications to materials characterization. It consists of three parts. The first deals with elementary crystallography and optics, which is essential for understanding the theory of X-ray diffraction discussed in the second section of the book. Part 2 describes how the X-ray diffraction can be applied for characterizing such various forms of materials as thin films, single crystals, and powders. The third section of the book covers applications of X-ray diffraction. The book presents a number of examples to help readers better comprehend the subject. X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals to Applications also * provides background knowledge of diffraction to enable nonspecialists to become familiar with the topics * covers the practical applications as well as the underlying principle of X-ray diffraction * presents appropriate examples with answers to help readers understand the contents more easily * includes thin film characterization by X-ray diffraction with relevant experimental techniques * presents a huge number of elaborately drawn graphics to help illustrate the content The book will help readers (students and researchers in materials science, physics, and chemistry) understand crystallography and crystal structures, interference and diffraction, structural analysis of bulk materials, characterization of thin films, and nondestructive measurement of internal stress and phase transition. Diffraction is an optical phenomenon and thus can be better understood when it is explained with an optical approach, which has been neglected in other books. This book helps to fill that gap, providing information to convey the concept of X-ray diffraction and how it can be applied to the materials analysis. This book will be a valuable reference book for researchers in the field and will work well as a good introductory book of X-ray diffraction for students in materials science, physics, and chemistry.

This book is for engineers and students of aerospace, materials and mechanical engineering. It covers the transition from aluminum to composite materials for aerospace structures and includes advanced analyses used in industries. New in the 2nd Edition is material on morphing structures, large deflection plates, nondestructive methods, vibration correlation technique for shear loaded plates, vibrations to measure physical properties, and more.

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

From the viewpoint of structural chemistry, structure and bonding lie at the heart of rational syntheses that have already contributed to many signi?cant scienti?c advances in inorganic chemistry and material chemistry, and especially to the discovery of some functional materials. Naturally the ?rst step to novel functional material is "synthesis", and in many cases exploratory synthesis seems to be the onlyworkableroutetonewcompound.However,rationalsynthesiswillsurelymake property-oriented exploration more fruitful and pleasing. Successundertheguidanceofelectronicstructuralfeatures,bondinginteractions, chemical reactivity of building units, etc. has been achieved in many systems. We have presented some signi?cant advances on ?ve topics via review-type chapters that were written by ?ve of the leading authorities in their ?elds. These chapters c- cern chemical approach to new quasicrystals, discovery of complicated compounds of pnicogen, the tuning of redox levels and oligomerization of triruthenium-acetate clusters, structural modi?cation of monomeric phthalocyanines, and the controlled assembly of amino lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Thisvolumehasshownthatthecontrolledassemblyandmodi?cationofinorganic systems are accessible and efforts along the way will contribute greatly to the discovery of new functional materials as well as the satisfaction of the curiosity of fundamental research.

The theme for the 2021 conference was System-in-Package (SiP) technology. Papers include discussions on board and system level failure analysis; detecting counterfeit microelectronics; emerging failure analysis techniques and concepts; future challenges of failure analysis; scanning probe analysis; hardware attacks, security, and reverse engineering; microscopy and material characterization; nanoprobing and electrical characterization; and more. In the 21st century, the electronic market will be driven by consumers with demands of immediate entertainment, fast access to information, and communications anywhere in a personalized fashion and at affordable prices. The new challenge is not how many transistors can be built on a single chip, as in System-on-Chip (SoC), but rather how to integrate diverse circuits together predictably, harmoniously, and cost effectively. Instead of getting twice the transistors for the same cost as Moore's Law predicted in the past 50 years, the goal of SiP is to obtain the same number of transistors for half the cost within less than half the time to market.

This book presents the physical science experiments in a space microgravity environment conducted on board the SJ-10 recoverable satellite, which was launched on April 6th, 2016 and recovered on April 18th, 2016. The experiments described were selected from ~100 proposals from various institutions in China and around the world, and have never previously been conducted in the respective fields. They involve fluid physics and materials science, and primarily investigate the kinetic properties of matter in a space microgravity environment. The book provides a comprehensive review of these experiments, as well as the mission's execution, data collection, and scientific outcomes.

concentrates on teaching techniques using as much theory as needed.application of the techniques to many problems of materials characterization.

Mossbauer spectroscopy is a profound analytical method which has nevertheless continued to develop. The authors now present a state-of-the art book which consists of two parts. The first part details the fundamentals of Mossbauer spectroscopy and is based on a book published in 1978 in the Springer series 'Inorganic Chemistry Concepts' by P. Gutlich, R. Link and A.X. Trautwein.

The second part covers useful practical aspects of measurements, and the application of the techniques to many problems of materials characterization. The update includes the use of synchroton radiation and many instructive and illustrative examples in fields such as solid state chemistry, biology and physics, materials and the geosciences, as well as industrial applications. Special chapters on magnetic relaxation phenomena (S. Morup) and computation of hyperfine interaction parameters (F. Neese) are also included.

The book concentrates on teaching the technique using theory as much as needed and as little as possible. The reader will learn the fundamentals of the technique and how to apply it to many problems of materials characterization. Transition metal chemistry, studied on the basis of the most widely used Mossbauer isotopes, will be in the foreground.