This is the first full-length historical study of Gestalt psychology - an attempt to advance holistic thought within natural science. Holistic thought is often portrayed as a wooly minded revolt against reason and modern science, but this is not necessarily so. On the basis of rigorous experimental research and scientific argument as well as on philosophical grounds, the Gestalt theorists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka opposed conceptions of science and mind that equated knowledge of nature with its effective manipulation and control. Instead, they attempted to establish dynamic principles of inherent, objective order and meaning - in current language, principles of self-organization - in human perception and thinking, in human and animal behavior, and in the physical world. The impact of their work ranged from cognitive science to theoretical biology and film theory. Based on exhaustive research in primary sources, including archival material cited here for the first time, this study illuminates the multiple social and intellectual contexts of Gestalt theory and analyzes the emergence, development, and reception of its conceptual foundations and research programs from 1890 to 1967 in Germany. The book challenges stereotypical dichotomies between modern and antimodern, rational and irrational, democratic and proto-Nazi thinking that have long dominated the history of German science and culture. It also contributes to the debate on continuity and change in German science after 1933 with a new look at Wolfgang Kohler's effort to resist Nazism, at the work of Gestalt theorists who remained in Nazi Germany after the founders emigrated, and at the impact of the Cold War andthe professionalization of psychology in Germany on the reception of Gestalt theory after 1945.

This study of science and technology looks at knowledge systems. Topics covered include: mapping encounters and (en)countering maps - a critical examination of cartographic resistance; the intricacies of technology transfer - travel as mode and method; and science, local knowledge and community.

Mesyats' Pulsed Power provides in-depth coverage of the generation of pulsed electric power, electron and ion beams, and various types of pulsed electromagnetic radiation. The electric power that can be produced by the methods described ranges from 106 to 1014W for pulse durations of 10-10-10-7s.

The book consists of nine parts containing 28 chapters, which deal with various aspects of pulsed power and high-power electronics and cover a concise theory of electric circuits as applied to nanosecond pulse technology; physics of fast processes occurring in electrical discharges in vacuum, gases, and liquids; phenomena in long lines; mechanisms of operation and designs of high-power gas-discharge, plasma, and semiconductor closing and opening switches as well as of high-power electric pulse generators using these switches; solid-state (semiconductor and magnetic) methods of production and transformation of nanosecond high-power pulses; and methods of production of high-power pulsed electron and ion beams. The closing part describes methods applied to produce high-power nanosecond pulsed X-rays, laser beams, microwaves, and ultrawideband electromagnetic radiation.

This all-embracing book covers gas, laser, semiconductor, and magnetic circuit elements, the phenomenon of explosive electron emission discovered by the author, diodes of various types, including semiconductor diodes based on the SOS effect discovered with participation of the author, and methods of production of various types of high-power pulsed radiation.

Recent accidents in a range of industries have increased concern over the design, development, management and control of safety-critical systems. Attention has now focused upon the role of human error both in the development and in the operation of complex processes.
Human Error, Safety and Systems Development gathers contributions from practitioners and researchers presenting and discussing leading edge techniques that can be used to mitigate the impact of error (both system and human) on safety-critical systems. Some of these contributions can be easily integrated into existing systems engineering practices while others provide a more theoretical and fundamental perspective on the issues raised by these kinds of interactive systems. More precisely the contributions cover the following themes:
-Techniques for incident and accident analysis;
-Empirical studies of operator behaviour in safety-critical systems;
-Observational studies of safety-critical systems;
-Risk assessment techniques for interactive systems;
-Safety-related interface design, development and testing;
-Formal description techniques for the design and development of safety-critical interactive systems.
Many diverse sectors are covered, including but not limited to aviation, maritime and the other transportation industries, the healthcare industry, process and power generation and military applications.

This volume contains 20 original and significant contributions addressing these critical questions. The papers were presented at the 7th IFIP Working Group 13.5 Working Conference on Human Error, Safety and Systems Development, which was held in August 2004 in conjunction with the 18th IFIP World Computer Congress in Toulouse, France, and sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

First published in 1988, this book provides students with a way to increase their understanding of the role of science and technology in society. Steven Yearley draws on and develops ideas from research in the sociology and politics of science to address, in particular: the nature of scientific knowledge and the authority it commands; the political and economic role of science in the West; the relationship between science, technology, and social change in underdeveloped countries. Examples used range from nineteenth-century brain science to the strategic defence initiative, and from hugely expensive experiments in nuclear physics, to proposals for inexpensive boat-building programmes in the Sudan. Overall, this reissue provides a comprehensive and stimulating account of the role played by science and technology in contemporary social change.

Part of a series examining different aspects of knowledge and society, this volume focuses on the anthropology of science and technology. Divided into three parts, it covers: the reconstruction of medical science and technology; science and technology at large; and discipline, culture and power.

Teachers' Learning: Stories of Science Education is aimed at science educators who wish for a deeper understanding of how teachers learn to teach science and the role of stories in reporting science education research. It is a fascinating look at the knowledge teachers have and use, how context influences teachers' work, and the role of reflection and collaboration in teachers' learning. At the core of each chapter is a story or group of stories written by or about teachers. These stories serve as a form of data to build a set of arguments about how science teachers grow and the possibilities for change in teaching. This book is designed for all those involved in the science teaching enterprise. Pre-service teachers, graduate students and science education researchers are invited to utilise both the findings about teachers' learning and the research processes employed to develop those findings.

The eagerly awaited third edition of this important resource provides a listing of over 3,600 scientific and technical handbooks in the hard sciences with over 650 new to this edition. All entries have complete bibliographic citations and most offer brief annotations that describe the content. Serving as both a research and collection development tool, "Handbooks and Tables in Science and Technology," was created for users in science and engineering libraries, special and academic libraries, and public libraries with large sci-tech collections.

This volume gathers the papers presented at three workshops that are embedded in the IFIP/Sec Conference in 2004, to enlighten specific topics that are currently particularly active in Security. The first one is the 10th IFIP Annual Working Conference on Information Security Management. It is organized by the IFIP WG 11. 1, which is itself dedicated to Information Security Management, i. e. , not only to the practical implementation of new security technology issued from recent research and development, but also and mostly to the improvement of security practice in all organizations, from multinational corporations to small enterprises. Methods and techniques are developed to increase personal awareness and education in security, analyze and manage risks, identify security policies, evaluate and certify products, processes and systems. Matt Warren, from Deakin University, Australia, who is the current Chair of WG 11. 1, acted as the Program Chair. The second workshop is organized by the IFIP WG 11. 8, dedicated to Information Security Education. This workshop is a follow-up of three issues of the World Conference on Information Security Education (WISE) that were also organized by WG 11. 8. The first WISE was organized by Louise Yngstrom in 1999 in Stockholm, and the next one, WISE'4, will be held in Moscow, Russia, 18-20 May 2005. This year, the workshop is aimed at developing a first draft of an international doctorate program allowing a specialization in IT Security.

The book contains reports about the most significant projects from science and industry that are using the supercomputers of the Federal High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS). These projects are from different scientific disciplines, with a focus on engineering, physics and chemistry. They were carefully selected in a peer-review process and are showcases for an innovative combination of state-of-the-art physical modeling, novel algorithms and the use of leading-edge parallel computer technology. As HLRS is in close cooperation with industrial companies, special emphasis has been put on the industrial relevance of results and methods.

Dr. Olcbee Lee SchoolofEducation, UniversityofMiami Coral Gables, Florida 33124 I remember my excitement and appreciation several years ago when I first read World View Theory and Science Education Research by Bill Cobern (1991). It was a comprehensive, theoretical discussion ofworldview theory in science education. I am delighted to see that Cobern has taken the next step to provide empirical accountsofworldview in Everyday Thoughts about Nature. . The primary goal of the book is to understand how typical- ninth grade students and their science teachers think about Nature or the natural world, and how their thoughts are related to science. In pursuing this goal, the book raises a basicquestion about the purpose ofscienceeducationfor the public: Should science education seek to educate "scientific thinkers" in the pattern of the science teachers? Or, should science education seek to foster sound science learning within the matrices ofvari- ous cultural perspectives? (p. 3) The answer to this question becomes clear, thanks to Cobern's excellent research and persuasivearguments. First, this research takes a humanistic approach in understanding what students and teachers think about Nature "through the language and ideas voluntarily expressed" (p. I). The research used multi- directional prompts and encouraged students and teachers to speak freely and at length in any directions they wished. This humanistic approach is stated clearly: "[T]he research seeks to illuminate some of the various ways in which students think aboutNature withoutjudging eventhe most unorthodox perspectives" (p. 14).

With the invention of compressed air in the 1840s, human divers could enter previously inaccessible deep water environments and engineers could design underwater mines and monumental bridges that had never been possible before. But a painful, sometimes fatal illness -- decompression sickness, or the bends -- mysteriously afflicted many of those who used compressed air. This book is a wide-ranging history of the wonders compressed air brought about and the suffering its unknown hazards inflicted. John L. Phillips explores the intertwining roles of science, technology, engineering, medicine, and politics in the invention of compressed air, the recognition and identification of decompression sickness, and the hundred-yearlong process of learning to understand and treat the bends.

The book begins with an overview of the biology and chemistry of respiration and a discussion of the steam engine that could generate compressed air. Drawing on previously unpublished letters, diaries, and notes, Phillips tells the story of early uses of compressed air, first observations of decompression sickness, growing awareness of the bends during construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, and efforts to understand the pathophysiology of the illness. He then considers employee health and safety issues, the science of diving today, and human limits to exploring the ocean deeps. In the history of compressed air and its illnesses, Phillips finds important lessons for dealing with other diseases yet to be confronted in the modern world.

"Phillips takes an interesting socio-scientific approach in this readable book. He tells the fascinating story of decompression sickness well". -- Peter B. Bennett, Divers AlertNetwork

Part of a series which discusses the foundations of library and information science, this volume focuses on library service in mathematics. Topics covered include mathematics library service in academic and public libraries, as well as in special libraries.

Western Medicine as seen today has a strong scientific basis in its development. The pathogenesis of most diseases and their symptomatology and physical signs are well studied and understood. The management of patients is based on firm understanding of these disease processes. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine came about through the experience of many generations of practitioners over thousands of years. Undoubtedly, many of these treatments have proved to be effective in their own way, however, firm scientific basis is still lacking.

While most Western Medicine advocates control of disease by eradication of pathogens and surgical removal of diseased organs as in the case of cancer, Traditional Chinese Medicine seeks to improve resistance against disease. There is probably a great wealth of therapeutic value in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has not been discovered or explored fully. By combining the knowledge of both Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine, one might be able to improve the results of efficacy of treatments and the survival of patients. The integration of Medicine from East and West will take time to evolve and will need interested physicians from different parts of the world to work closely together to realize such a possibility.

This book is an attempt to bridge the medical world of two great and ancient civilizations in their approach to the treatment of disease. It is informative with a detailed account of the history of medical development. It is highly recommended for those medical practitioners from both East and West who are interested to explore alternative medicine and research new areas of the medical frontier.

"Hitch Your Antenna to the Stars" is the first cultural and industrial history of early television stardom. Susan Murray argues that television stars were central to the growth and development of American broadcasting. They were used not only to promote programs and the sale of television sets and advertised consumer goods, but also to established network identities. Through profiles of well-known performers including Milton Berle, Sid Caesar, Jackie Gleason, and Lucille Ball, she shows how the television industry gave birth to the idea of TV stars and established a system of star production and management notably different from the Hollywood star system of the studio era.

With an Introduction by David Amigoni. Charles Darwin's travels around the world as an independent naturalist on HMS Beagle between 1831 and 1836 impressed upon him a sense of the natural world's beauty and sublimity which language could barely capture. Words, he said, were inadequate to convey to those who have not visited the inter-tropical regions, the sensation of delight which the mind experiences'. Yet in a travel journal which takes the reader from the coasts and interiors of South America to South Sea Islands, Darwin's descriptive powers are constantly challenged, but never once overcome. In addition, The Voyage of the Beagle displays Darwin's powerful, speculative mind at work, posing searching questions about the complex relation between the Earth's structure, animal forms, anthropology and the origins of life itself.

Anna: Sexually abused by her father beginning at age one. Tanya: Raped by her father at age five. Lisa: Neglected by her mother and put into a foster home, she suffered severe and prolonged Satanic ritual abuse at her mother's hand. And Amy...Krista...Shawna...Linda...Virginia... All victims of severe emotional, physical, and sexual abuse as children. These eight women together made a treacherous journey up through the depths of pain, despair, anger, and fear toward newfound self-awareness and inner strength. This poignant odyssey is depicted in Ending the Cycle of Abuse, a volume about a highly promising method of group treatment for adults who have been severely abused as children. Accessible to both therapist and patient, this book is extraordinary because it offers the dual perspectives of both therapist and abuse victims in the group endeavor. This extremely compelling book is composed of the measured words of therapist Dr. Ney and the lucid prose of Anna Petersone of his patients in the group. It is enhanced by moving contributions from other group members as well. The volume traces a carefully evolved process of therapy developed by Dr. Ney over a lifetime of clinical practice and research into child abuse and neglect. Dr. Ney bases his therapeutic technique on the theory of the triangle of abuse involving perpetrator, victim, and observer: transgenerational in nature and changeable under varied circumstances. Realistic and pragmatic, Ending the Cycle of Abuse describes a process that requires abuse victims to accept that they have been forever changed as a result of the abuse they endured. Group members are taught to constructively deal with the guilt, the anger, the rage, thefear, and the despair stemming from their early experiences, and the majority make remarkably good progress. This exceptional volume will give its readers a deeper understanding of child abuse and its effects on the developing child. For therapists who work with abuse victims, it sets forth a time-tested technique for providing significant help to a severely disturbed and growing population. For victims of abuse, it offers the immense relief of self-recognition and the gift of hope.