This book brings together chapters on the semantics and pragmatics of measurement, scales, and numerical expressions. The chapters highlight recent developments in measurement theory, the meaning of numerical expressions and the relation between measurement scales and entailment scales. The authors provide explorations in formal and experimental semantics and pragmatics, as well as at the interfaces of this field with others including philosophy of language and sociolinguistics. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in these areas, as well as psychology, psycholinguistics and artificial intelligence.

This text is written for the large audience of professionals who recently entered the field of learning center and writing center administration, or who have been working in the field but are now seeking to connect to the broader professional community. The book presents a guide to the major practical concerns and best practices of which administrators should be aware in developing peer-led programming. Every learning center administrator will benefit from this practical advice, including setting a vision, designing and furnishing the physical space, going virtual, assessment and reporting, training and supervising staff, and much more.

Research Into Translation and Training in Arab Academic Institutions provides insights into the current issues and challenges facing in-service and trainee Arabic translators and interpreters, both professionally and academically. This book addresses translators' status, roles, and structures. It also provides Arab perspectives on translation and translation training, written by scholars representing academic institutions across the Arab world. Themes in this collection include training terminologists on managing, promoting and marketing terms; corpora and translation teaching in the Arab world; use of translation technologies; translators training and translators' methodologies and assessment of translators' competence; research on translator training; and the status quo of undergraduate translation programs in a sample of five Arab universities. A valuable resource for students, professionals and scholars of Arabic translation and interpreting.

Research Into Translation and Training in Arab Academic Institutions provides insights into the current issues and challenges facing in-service and trainee Arabic translators and interpreters, both professionally and academically. This book addresses translators' status, roles, and structures. It also provides Arab perspectives on translation and translation training, written by scholars representing academic institutions across the Arab world. Themes in this collection include training terminologists on managing, promoting and marketing terms; corpora and translation teaching in the Arab world; use of translation technologies; translators training and translators' methodologies and assessment of translators' competence; research on translator training; and the status quo of undergraduate translation programs in a sample of five Arab universities. A valuable resource for students, professionals and scholars of Arabic translation and interpreting.

This book offers a critical examination of second language (L2) learning outside institutional contexts, with a focus on the way second language learners introduce, close, and manage conversational topics in everyday settings. Koenig adopts a Conversation Analysis for Second Language Acquisition (CA-SLA) approach in analyzing oral data from a longitudinal study of L2 learners of French, au pairs in Swiss families, over several years. With this approach the author presents insights into the ways in which L2 learners introduce and close conversational topics in ongoing conversations and how these strategies evolve over time, setting the stage for future research on this little documented process in second language acquisition. This volume contributes toward a greater understanding of L2 learning "in the wild," making this key reading for students and researchers in second language acquisition, applied linguistics, and French language learning and teaching.

This book reports the results of an ethnographic study, focusing primarily on the experiences of four teachers of the Chinese language in Australian secondary schools. The author creates an audience for their voices as they reflect on their own understandings of culture, language teaching, and culture in language teaching through semi-structured interviews, and compares these reflections with written stimulus dialogues designed to elicit 'culture-in-language' reflections, as well as curriculum and policy documents produced by the Australian government. The book's findings indicate that teachers of the Chinese language are diverse in their views on culture, language teaching, and the ways in which culture can or should inform language teaching, and the author argues that language teacher intercultural competence cannot be assessed through a synthesis of the current English-only research literature. This book will be of interest to teachers and teacher trainers of Chinese as a foreign language, as well as students and scholars of applied linguistics and language education more broadly.

This collection showcases the contributions of the study of endangered and understudied languages to historical linguistic analysis, and the broader relevance of diachronic approaches toward developing better informed approaches to language documentation and description. The volume brings together perspectives from both established and up-and-coming scholars and represents a globally and linguistically diverse range of languages.The collected papers demonstrate the ways in which endangered languages can challenge existing models of language change based on more commonly studied languages, and can generate innovative insights into linguistic phenomena such as pathways of grammaticalization, forms and dynamics of contact-driven change, and the diachronic relationship between lexical and grammatical categories. In so doing, the book highlights the idea that processes and outcomes of language change long held to be universally relevant may be more sensitive to cultural and typological variability than previously assumed. Taken as a whole, this collection brings together perspectives from language documentation and historical linguistics to point the way forward for richer understandings of both language change and documentary-descriptive approaches, making this key reading for scholars in these fields.

Teaching Diversity and Inclusion: Examples from a French-Speaking Classroom explores new and pioneering strategies for transforming current teaching practices into equitable, inclusive and immersive classrooms for all students. This cutting-edge volume dares to ask new questions, and shares innovative, concrete tools useful to a wide variety of classrooms and institutional contexts, far beyond any disciplinary borders. This book aims to instill classroom approaches which allow every student to feel safe to share their truth and to reflect deeply about their own identity and challenges, discussing course design, assignments, technologies, activities, and strategies that target diversity and inclusion in the French classroom. Each chapter shares why and how to design an inclusive community of learners, including opportunities to promote interdisciplinary approaches and cross-disciplinary collaborations, exploring cultures and underrepresented perspectives, and distinguishing unconscious biases. The essays also provide theoretical and practical strategies adaptable to any reflective teacher desiring to create a welcoming, inclusive classroom that draws in students they might not otherwise attract. This long overdue work will be ideal for both undergraduate and graduate students and administrators seeking fresh approaches to diversity in the classroom.

Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish es la primera publicacion concebida para desarrollar y perfeccionar la expresion escrita en espanol a partir de una metodologia basada en generos textuales. Cada capitulo se ocupa de un genero y esta disenado para guiar al escritor en la planificacion, el desarrollo y la revision de textos. Las novedades de esta segunda edicion incluyen: un cuestionario sobre la escritura, listados con objetivos y practicas escritas, nuevos materiales y actividades, repertorios de vocabulario tematico, ejercicios de correccion gramatical y estilo, ampliacion de las respuestas modelo y diferentes rutas para la escritura. Caracteristicas principales: * Tipologias variadas: textos narrativos, descriptivos, expositivos, argumentativos, periodisticos, publicitarios, juridicos y administrativos, cientificos y tecnicos; * Actividades para trabajar la precision lexica, la gramatica, el estilo y la reescritura de manera progresiva; * Vocabulario tematico, marcadores discursivos y expresiones utiles para la escritura; * Pautas detalladas, consejos practicos y estrategias discursivas en funcion del tipo de texto; * Modelos textuales de reconocidos periodistas y autores del ambito hispanico; * Recursos adicionales recogidos en un portal de escritura en linea. Disenado como libro de texto, material de autoaprendizaje u obra de referencia, Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish es una herramienta esencial para familiarizarse con las caracteristicas linguisticas y discursivas propias de la lengua y para dominar la tecnica de la escritura en diferentes generos textuales. Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish provides intermediate and advanced level students with the necessary skills to become competent and confident writers in the Spanish language. This new edition includes: new material and activities, chapter objectives, exercises on grammar and style correction, thematic vocabulary lists, and an expanded answer key with more detailed explanations. Designed for use as a classroom text, self-study material or reference work, Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish is ideal for all intermediate to advanced students of Spanish.

1. This title offers an extensive study of the conceptual metaphors in the perception domain. 2. The authors adopts contrastive perspective to reveal the similarities and differences between English and Chinese. 3. This title provides a thorough consideration of embodied motivation for various metaphorical mappings, which would benefit a variety of readership groups.

Results-oriented textbook - created using the principles of backward design which ensures targets are set for each skill (listening, speaking, reading and writing), clear outcomes are defined and measured, and all the activities and reading selections are aligned with these goals. Communicative focus - each chapter contains projects and scenarios that enable learners to practice and demonstrate communicative competence in Russian in a realistic but simulated way. Up-to-date - reflects the latest discourses and vocabulary relevant to modern Russia

This comprehensive account of performance-based assessment of L2 lexical proficiency analyzes and compares two of the primary methods of evaluation used in the field and unpacks the ways in which they tap into different dimensions of one model of lexical competence and proficiency. This book builds on the latest research on performance-based assessment, which has most recently pointed to the application of more quantitative measures to L2 data, to systematically explore the qualitative method of using human raters in assessment exercises and the quantitative method of using automatic computation of statistical measures of lexis and phraseology. Supported by an up-to-date review of the existing literature, both approaches' unique features are highlighted but also compared to one another to provide a holistic overview of performance-based assessment as it stands today at both the theoretical and empirical level. These findings are exemplified in a concluding chapter, which summarizes results from an empirical study looking at a range of lexical and phraseological features and human raters' scores of over 150 essays written by both L2 learners of English and native speakers. Taken together, the volume challenges existing tendencies within the field which attempt to use one method to validate one another by demonstrating their capacity to indicate very different elements of lexical proficiency, thereby offering a means by which to better conceptualize performance-based assessment of L2 vocabulary in the future. This book will be of interest to students and researchers working in second language acquisition and applied linguistics research, particularly those interested in issues around assessment, vocabulary acquisition, and language proficiency.

Inspired by the author's observations of the language curriculum as a practising teacher for the past 20 years, this book addresses how the high school Chinese language and literacy (Yuwen) curriculum in China was controlled and directed in the post-Mao era. Examining the social and political domination from 1980 to 2010, the book offers insights into how teachers and schools responded to the top-down curriculum change in their teaching practice. This book discusses some of the most important questions concerning China and its education system: What changes have occurred in the Chinese language and literacy curricula; how and why the changes have occurred; who has been in control of the process and outcome; and what impacts the curriculum changes may bring not only to China but to the international sectors that "export" education and degrees to China and Chinese students. The author provides answers to these questions crucial to both the contemporary Chinese society and the students who come out of that system. This critical inquiry of the Yuwen curriculum and its implementation provides a valuable and timely showcase for understanding the ideology of China's future generation and the social and political transformation in the past three decades. In addition to researchers, this book is expected to have impact on policymakers in China and beyond, where Chinese migrants and international students constitute a substantial learning population.

Through entries on 291 Italian books (451 editions) published in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, covering the years 1558-1603, this catalogue represents a summary of current research and knowledge of diffusion of Italian culture on English literature in this period. It also provides a foundation for new work on Anglo-Italian relations in Elizabethan England. Mary Augusta Scott's 1916 Elizabethan Translations from the Italian forms the basis for the catalogue; Soko Tomita adds 59 new books and eliminates 23 of Scott's original entries. The information here is presented in a user-friendly and uncluttered manner, guided by Philip Gaskell's principles of bibliographical description; the volume includes bibliographical descriptions, tables, graphs, images, and two indices (general and title). In an attempt to restore each book to its original status, each entry is concerned not only with the physical book, but with the human elements guiding it through production: the relationship with the author, editor, translator, publisher, book-seller, and patron are all recounted as important players in the exploration of cultural significance. Renaissance Anglo-Italian relations were marked by both patriotism and xenophobia; this catalogue provides reliable and comprehensive information about books and publication as well as concrete evidence of what elements of Italian culture the English responded to and how Italian culture was acclimatized into Elizabethan England.

In 2015, Professor Emerita Lucille M. Schultz donated to the University of Cincinnati her set of composition materials gathered from fifteen libraries and collections around the country. With 350 entries ranging from 1785 to 1916, the collection includes picture books for early primary schools, grammar textbooks, student writing, and advanced rhetoric textbooks for undergraduates. The documents afford a thrilling glimpse into nineteenth-century ways of thinking and teaching, highlighting practices we would today identify as prewriting, collaborative invention, freewriting, and object-oriented pedagogy. Composing Legacies relates these pedagogies to expressions of social class, nationalism, and public engagement that run throughout the Victorian era and the Gilded Age. Early chapters show how writing and grammar handbooks aimed to reproduce social hierarchies; later ones show how textbook authors aimed to mitigate lecture-style pedagogy with attention to student backgrounds, personal interests, economic aspirations, and presumed audiences. Often, those authors demonstrated a pronounced interest in national unity, but not without exception. Little-known Confederate textbooks took the ideology of unity to be a form of Northern aggression, promoting the maintenance of state and local traditions through their classroom exercises and sample passages. Composition scholars who see the nineteenth-century as a period of skills-and-drills teaching, devoid of explicit political concern, will find surprises in the archival texts' testimonies about national crises and civic participation. Those scholars will also find that the "social turn" in writing and rhetoric, however recent as a historical framework, has been underway for more than two hundred years.

Visibility and Control: Cameras and Certainty in Governing addresses the ways in which camera-produced images are used to support governmental authority. The text begins by examining some of the basic levels at which the body interacts with media, and then expands the scope of the analysis to consider the use of CCTV in urban environments and how that affects the experience of space. This shows how the determination of the subject and the observer is affected by interaction with and exposure to images produced by cameras. The relationship between the body and media, between media and the determination of space and how media is used to determine the nature of deviance in contemporary Western culture are evaluated as a means of establishing and maintaining authority through images. Scholars of media theory, surveillance studies, and the social sciences will find this book particularly interesting.

El lexico-gramatica del espanol ofrece una aproximacion alternativa al estudio de la gramatica avanzada del espanol. Este libro brinda al estudiante un enfoque autentico y contextualizado del uso del espanol, basandose en datos provenientes de corpus de espanol-L1 y L2 junto a la investigacion linguistica a fin de describir las caracteristicas lexico-gramaticales fundamentales de la lengua y su variacion. Cada capitulo incluye actividades guiadas para que los estudiantes puedan realizar busquedas en estos corpus con el proposito de llegar a conclusiones fundamentadas en evidencias empiricas sobre como los aprendices de varios niveles de competencia usan ciertos elementos lexico-gramaticales. Este libro representa un recurso ideal para los estudiantes de la gramatica avanzada del espanol a nivel de pregrado y posgrado. El lexico-gramatica del espanol provides an alternative approach to the study of advanced Spanish grammar. Drawing on L1 and L2 Spanish language corpora and linguistic research to describe key lexico-grammatical characteristics of the Spanish language, this book gives students insight into real, variable, and contextualized usage of Spanish. Each chapter includes guided exercises so that students can conduct their own searches of the corpus and draw evidence-based conclusions on how particular grammar structures are used by Spanish speakers at varying levels of proficiency. This is an ideal resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Spanish language and linguistics.

Non-Western Colonization, Orientalism, and the 'Comfort Women: The Collective Memory of Sexual Slavery under the Japanese Imperial Military examines the collective memory of sexual slavery under the Japanese Imperial Military in Japan over the past seventy-five years. Euphemistically known as the "comfort women," tens of thousands of young females were forced into sexual servitude for Japanese soldiers during the Asia-Pacific War. The majority of these women are believed to have been deceitfully or forcibly taken from Korea, a former Japanese colony. The ways in which sexual slavery has been remembered in Japan lies at the root of a long-standing diplomatic conflict between Japan and South Korea and has fueled a "memory war" among Japanese scholars and activists. The author argues that Korean "comfort women" have been exoticized in the collective memory similarly to "Oriental" women's presentations by Western Orientalists. This book is a comprehensive analysis of the memory of sexual slavery in Japan, examining various artifacts produced since the end of the Asia-Pacific War, including nonfiction books, novels, newspaper articles, popular and documentary films, and a commemorative museum. It provides novel insights into a decade old international and domestic controversy.

This book empirically explores how different linguistic resources are utilized to achieve appropriate workplace role inhabitance and to achieve work-oriented communicative ends in a variety of workplaces in Japan. Appropriate role inhabitance is seen to include considerations of gender and interpersonal familiarity, along with speaker orientation to normative structures for marking power and politeness. This uniquely researched edited collection will appeal to scholars of workplace discourse and Japanese sociolinguistics, as well as Japanese language instructors and adult learners of Japanese. It is sure to make a major contribution to the cross-linguistic/cultural study of workplace discourse in the globalized context of the twenty-first century.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate-level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio and video files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate-level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304. NihonGO NOW! Level 2 Volume 2 Textbook is ideally accompanied by the Level 2 Volume 2 Activity Book.

Reported speech is a universal form across human languages. However, previous studies have tended to be limited because they mostly emphasize on the form and authenticity of reported speech, while its discourse and pragmatic functions have largely been ignored. Meanwhile, the studies mainly focus on English, with a comparative perspective with other languages largely missing. Acknowledging these limitations, this book analyzes the textual and pragmatic functions of reported speech in Chinese and English. The authors build a corpus comprising of twelve Chinese and English newspapers, including China Daily and The New York Times. They examine the classification and distribution of reported speech, the form and function in different news genres and contexts, and the socio-pragmatic interpretation of reported speech in news and other issues. This title can enrich comparative linguistic research, verify the feasibility of combining critical linguistics and corpus technology, and help improve the production and understanding of news reports. Students and scholars of critical discourse analysis, comparative linguistics, corpus linguistics, as well as communication studies will find this to be an essential guide.

This book investigates Chinese secondary EFL learners' meaning-making abilities in English L2 writing by adopting theoretical frameworks used in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). It offers a comprehensive guide to Chinese high school students' use of lexico-grammatical resources in L2 English writing for frontline L2 writing teachers, TESOL practitioners, pre-service teachers, and all professionals engaged in researching and teaching L2 writing. In particular, the book seeks to fill the current gaps in secondary school L2 writing research in the Asian context.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate-level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio and video files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate-level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304. NihonGO NOW! Level 2 Volume 1 Textbook is ideally accompanied by the Level 2 Volume 1 Activity Book.