Engaging, authoritative, and affordably priced, The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms is a comprehensive reference that clearly and accessibly defines hundreds of important literary and critical terms from classical times to the present, making them real and relevant to twenty-first century students through examples drawn from contemporary literary and popular culture.

This book presents a typological overview of the case system of Eastern Indo-Aryan (EIA) languages. It utilizes a cognitive framework to analyse and compare the case markers of seven EIA languages: Angika, Asamiya, Bhojpuri, Bangla, Magahi, Maithili and Odia. The book introduces semantic maps, which have hitherto not been used for Indian languages, to plot the scope of different case markers and facilitate cross-linguistic comparison of these languages. It also offers a detailed questionnaire specially designed for fieldwork and data collection which will be extremely useful to researchers involved in the study of case. A unique look into the linguistic traditions of South Asia, the book will be indispensable to academicians, researchers, and students of language studies, linguistics, literature, cognitive science, psychology, language technologies and South Asian studies. It will also be useful for linguists, typologists, grammarians and those interested in the study of Indian languages.

e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es el primer volumen que aborda de manera conjunta las aportaciones al espanol LE/L2 de la linguistica de corpus, la biblioteconomia y la edicion digital. Es excelente para mejorar las tecnicas de investigacion a la vez que se toma conciencia sobre el uso de las tecnologias en los estudios sobre el espanol LE/L2. Caracteristicas principales: vision interdisciplinar e internacional a partir del trabajo de expertos que ejercen su actividad docente, investigadora y profesional en diferentes ambitos y en distintos paises; planteamiento teorico-practico mediante la exposicion de una reflexion teorica y la descripcion de casos practicos; solido marco teorico que se presenta en los dos primeros capitulos; estructura homogenea dividida en utiles apartados (necesidades, como ayudan las tecnologias y casos concretos) para que el lector pueda localizar los contenidos con facilidad; lectura del volumen que puede ser lineal (capitulo tras capitulo) o transversal (por ejemplo, los casos practicos que se presentan en cada capitulo); materiales complementarios en linea, como, por ejemplo, glosario hipertextual y enlaces a los corpus y programas mencionados en los capitulos. Escrito en espanol, de manera clara y accesible, y con abundantes ejemplos e ilustraciones, e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es ideal para todas aquellas personas vinculadas con la investigacion en torno al espanol LE/L2: estudiantes de master y doctorado, directores de tesis (PhD o master) y profesores. e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is the first volume that jointly addresses the contributions of corpus linguistics, librarianship and digital publishing to Spanish as a second or foreign language (LE/L2). It is excellent for improving research techniques while raising awareness about the use of technologies in studies of Spanish LE/L2. Main features: interdisciplinary and international vision based on the work of experts who carry out their teaching, research and professional activities in different fields and in different countries; theoretical-practical approach through the presentation of a theoretical reflection and the description of practical cases; solid theoretical framework which is presented in the first two chapters; each chapter is divided into three useful sections (needs, how technologies help, and specific cases) so that the reader can easily locate the contents; reading can be linear (chapter by chapter) or transversal (for example, the practical cases presented in each chapter); supplementary online materials include a hypertext glossary and links to the corpus and programs mentioned in the chapters. Written in Spanish, in a clear and accessible way, and with abundant examples and illustrations, e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is ideal for all those involved in research on Spanish LE/L2, master's and doctoral students, thesis supervisors and professors.

e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es el primer volumen que aborda de manera conjunta las aportaciones al espanol LE/L2 de la linguistica de corpus, la biblioteconomia y la edicion digital. Es excelente para mejorar las tecnicas de investigacion a la vez que se toma conciencia sobre el uso de las tecnologias en los estudios sobre el espanol LE/L2. Caracteristicas principales: vision interdisciplinar e internacional a partir del trabajo de expertos que ejercen su actividad docente, investigadora y profesional en diferentes ambitos y en distintos paises; planteamiento teorico-practico mediante la exposicion de una reflexion teorica y la descripcion de casos practicos; solido marco teorico que se presenta en los dos primeros capitulos; estructura homogenea dividida en utiles apartados (necesidades, como ayudan las tecnologias y casos concretos) para que el lector pueda localizar los contenidos con facilidad; lectura del volumen que puede ser lineal (capitulo tras capitulo) o transversal (por ejemplo, los casos practicos que se presentan en cada capitulo); materiales complementarios en linea, como, por ejemplo, glosario hipertextual y enlaces a los corpus y programas mencionados en los capitulos. Escrito en espanol, de manera clara y accesible, y con abundantes ejemplos e ilustraciones, e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es ideal para todas aquellas personas vinculadas con la investigacion en torno al espanol LE/L2: estudiantes de master y doctorado, directores de tesis (PhD o master) y profesores. e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is the first volume that jointly addresses the contributions of corpus linguistics, librarianship and digital publishing to Spanish as a second or foreign language (LE/L2). It is excellent for improving research techniques while raising awareness about the use of technologies in studies of Spanish LE/L2. Main features: interdisciplinary and international vision based on the work of experts who carry out their teaching, research and professional activities in different fields and in different countries; theoretical-practical approach through the presentation of a theoretical reflection and the description of practical cases; solid theoretical framework which is presented in the first two chapters; each chapter is divided into three useful sections (needs, how technologies help, and specific cases) so that the reader can easily locate the contents; reading can be linear (chapter by chapter) or transversal (for example, the practical cases presented in each chapter); supplementary online materials include a hypertext glossary and links to the corpus and programs mentioned in the chapters. Written in Spanish, in a clear and accessible way, and with abundant examples and illustrations, e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is ideal for all those involved in research on Spanish LE/L2, master's and doctoral students, thesis supervisors and professors.

This book offers a systematic analysis of a wide range of questions used in censuses, national surveys and international surveys to measure language proficiency. It addresses the urgent need in language related survey research for a comprehensive examination of the large existing body of survey data in order to provide a fuller understanding of the extent to which survey results are shaped by the way language proficiency questions are worded. While census and survey language proficiency data are extensively used in a wide range of research areas, as well as in forming, implementing and monitoring government policies, there are as yet no universally accepted survey measures of language proficiency. This book will therefore provide a valuable resource for students and scholars working in sociological areas that use census or survey language data, such as sociology of language, sociology of education, politics, racial and ethnic studies, and cultural studies; as well as for policy analysts.

This revised second edition of Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook is an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. The text can be used in conjunction with any primary textbook, both as a reference guide to the intermediate Korean grammar and a practice book to reinforce learning. This book presents 24 individual grammar points, covering the core material that students would expect to encounter in their second year of learning Korean. Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. Key features include: Clear, accessible format Many useful language examples All Korean entries presented in Hangul with English translations Abundant exercises with full answer key Subject index. Clearly presented and user-friendly, Intermediate Korean provides readers with the essential tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations, making it an ideal grammar reference and practice resource for students with some knowledge of the language. Intermediate Korean is suitable for both class use as well as independent study.

Heritage Speakers of Spanish and Study Abroad is an edited volume that provides emerging research on heritage speakers of Spanish in immersion contexts in theoretical, empirical, and programmatic terms. This edited collection seeks to expand our understanding of heritage speakers of Spanish by incorporating research on their linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic development during and after a sojourn abroad, by discussing the complexities of their identity formation and negotiation during immersive stays, and by highlighting programmatic innovations that could be leveraged to better serve diverse learners in study abroad contexts. This volume advances the fields of both heritage language education and research on immersion study in a variety of ways, and will be of interest to scholars of applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, second language acquisition, and educational linguistics, especially those interested in study abroad programming and Spanish for heritage speakers.

Whilst activities like transplantation and medical research have typically been considered on a discrete basis, they are also actually part of a broader phenomenon of medical means being employed to make use of human beings. This book is the first ever systematic critique of such medical use of the human being as a whole. It is divided into two parts. The first part considers what constitutes an appropriate normative lens through which to view such medical use and its constraint. It makes a reasoned ethical and human-rights-based case for preferring respect for human worth over any of the main alternative approaches that have been drawn on in specific contexts and outlines what this preference practically implies. The second part uses this respect-based lens to critique use discourse, law and practice. Drawing on three contrasting case study areas of warfare-related medical use, transplantation and human tissue research, this book exposes both the context-specific and thematic nature of shortfalls in respect. Overall this book provides a compelling analysis of how medical use ought to be constrained and a compelling critique of the excesses of discourse, practice and governance. It is recommended to academics, students, policymakers and professionals whose work is focused on or intersects with the medical sector and anyone else with an interest in medicine and its limits.

China's Contemporary Image and Rhetoric Practice presents an overview of Chinese diplomatic rhetoric, exploring how the image of China is depicted through a Western lens and introducing a profound shift in domestic perspectives of this image. This reader reveals new sites for Chinese rhetoric to deepen scholarship in the relevant studies of Chinese literature, Chinese discourse analysis, Chinese sociology, Chinese politics and so on. These chapters have been cherry-picked for their contributions to the field, and may facilitate the expanding development of Chinese studies. This book is a valuable reference for scholars, researchers and graduate or postgraduate students in Chinese linguistic and social studies.

Social Networking Approach to Japanese Language Teaching is a timely guide for Japanese language teachers and anyone interested in language pedagogy. The book outlines an innovative approach to language instruction which goes beyond the communicative approach and encourages a global view of language education and curriculum development through the use of social networking. It showcases diverse examples of how social networking can be harnessed and incorporated into everyday language classes to increase learners' curiosity and engagement in real cultural and global interactions. While the focus is on Japanese language teaching, the concepts explored can be applied to other languages and teaching contexts. This book will benefit teachers of any language as well as linguists interested in language pedagogy.

A Textbook in Classical Tibetan is the first comprehensive course book in the Classical Tibetan language written in English. The textbook describes the grammar of pre-16th-century Classical Tibetan works for beginners and students of intermediate level. It is intended to cover the most essential topics that can be mastered within two semesters of an academic class. Classical Tibetan is a written Middle Tibetan language that has been in use in Tibet from the 9th century. Until the early 20th century it served all purposes, from administrative, to medical, to religious. Nowadays Classical Tibetan remains an important part of religious identity and services for communities also outside of cultural Tibet, foremost in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, but also elsewhere, most importantly in Europe, North America and Australia. The main body of the textbook consists of an introduction to the Tibetan script, eighteen lessons, and a reading section. Each lesson elucidates several grammatical topics which are followed by an exercise and a word list. The chapter readings contain four supplementary readings. In addition to the main parts of the textbook, a brief introduction to Tibetic languages provides linguistic context for the language taught in the textbook, whereas the chapter Translations of Exercises and Readings contains translations and explanatory notes to the exercises provided at the end of each lesson, as well as to the readings. A Textbook in Classical Tibetan is essential reading for both undergraduate and graduate students without any knowledge of Classical Tibetan, but also for those who would like to deepen their experience of the language by reading annotated excerpts from well-known pieces of Tibetan literature.

This book explains the effects of war and armed conflict on individual children and their family system, and how culturally responsive social work practice should take into account the diversity and heterogeneity of their needs and lived experiences. Unpacking social work practice with children and families affected by war and migration, the volume provides a valuable toolkit for practitioners, educators, researchers, and service-providers that work with war-affected populations around the globe. The contributions suggest that fostering a family approach, allotting careful attention to context and culture, and linking the arts and participation with social work practice, can all be vital to enhancing the research, education, and practice around working with children and families affected by armed conflict. Providing a critical reflection of social work education and practice, this book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of social work, as well as researchers studying the social effects of migration. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Family Social Work.

This book investigates Chinese secondary EFL learners' meaning-making abilities in English L2 writing by adopting theoretical frameworks used in systemic functional linguistics (SFL). It offers a comprehensive guide to Chinese high school students' use of lexico-grammatical resources in L2 English writing for frontline L2 writing teachers, TESOL practitioners, pre-service teachers, and all professionals engaged in researching and teaching L2 writing. In particular, the book seeks to fill the current gaps in secondary school L2 writing research in the Asian context.

Taiwan: Manipulation of Ideology and Struggle for Identity chronicles the turbulent relationship between Taiwan and China. This collection of essays aims to provide a critical analysis of the discourses surrounding the identity of Taiwan, its relationship with China, and global debates about Taiwan's situation. Each chapter explores a unique aspect of Taiwan's situation, fundamentally exploring how identity is framed in not only Taiwanese ideology, but in relation to the rest of the world. Focusing on how language is a means to maintaining a discourse of control, Taiwan: Manipulation of Ideology and Struggle for Identity delves into how Taiwan is determining its own sense of identity and language in the 21st century. This book targets researchers and students in discourse analysis, Taiwan studies, Chinese studies, and other subjects in social sciences and political science, as well as intellectuals in the public sphere all over the globe who are interested in the Taiwan issue.

This revised second edition of Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook is an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. The text can be used in conjunction with any primary textbook, both as a reference guide to the intermediate Korean grammar and a practice book to reinforce learning. This book presents 24 individual grammar points, covering the core material that students would expect to encounter in their second year of learning Korean. Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. Key features include: Clear, accessible format Many useful language examples All Korean entries presented in Hangul with English translations Abundant exercises with full answer key Subject index. Clearly presented and user-friendly, Intermediate Korean provides readers with the essential tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations, making it an ideal grammar reference and practice resource for students with some knowledge of the language. Intermediate Korean is suitable for both class use as well as independent study.

Terminology Translation in Chinese Contexts: Theory and Practice investigates the theory and practice of terminology translation, terminology management, and scholarship within the distinctive milieu of Chinese and explores the complex relationship between terminology translation (micro level) and terminology management (macro level). This book outlines the contemporary challenges of terminology translation and terminology management within Chinese contexts in specialized fields including law, the arts, religion, Chinese medicine, and food products. The volume also examines how the development and application of new technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence have brought about major changes in the language service industry. Technology such as machine translation and computer-assisted translation has spawned new challenges in terminology management practices and has facilitated their evolution in contexts of ever greater internationalization and globalization. This book recontextualizes terminology translation and terminology management with a special focus on English-Chinese translation. It is hoped that the volume will enable and enhance dialogue between Chinese and Western scholars and professionals in the field. All chapters have been written by specialists in the different subfields and have been peer-reviewed by the editors.

Focusing mainly on classifiers, Numeral Classifiers and Classifier Languages offers a deep investigation of three major classifier languages: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. This book provides detailed discussions well supported by empirical evidence and corpus analyses. Theoretical hypotheses regarding differences and commonalities between numeral classifier languages and other mainly article languages are tested to seek universals or typological characteristics. The essays collected here from leading scholars in different fields promise to be greatly significant in the field of linguistics for several reasons. First, it targets three representative classifier languages in Asia. It also provides critical clues and suggests solutions to syntactic, semantic, psychological, and philosophical issues about classifier constructions. Finally, it addresses ensuing debates that may arise in the field of linguistics in general and neighboring inter-disciplinary areas. This book should be of great interest to advanced students and scholars of East Asian languages.

This volume contributes to the research in two different research areas: lexical availability studies and vocabulary research in second or foreign languages. Lexical availability is defined as the words that immediately come to mind as a response to a stimulus provided by topics related to domains closely connected to daily life: for instance animals, food and drink, daily activities, politics, or poverty. Lexical availability is a dimension of learners' receptive and productive lexical competence, and, consequently, an important variable of learners' communicative competence. Written by leading researchers in Spanish and English applied linguistics, the studies presented in this volume offer the reader findings and insights from studies conducted in learners with different mother tongues, who learn English or Spanish as their second or third language. "This book made me aware of an approach to vocabulary acquisition which has a long tradition in European research, but has been somewhat neglected by English-speaking researchers. The methodology was pioneered in France where it developed into the Francais Fondamental project - an influential approach to the vocabulary needs of learners of French. It was also taken up by Spanish researchers, and more recently developed by the team at La Rioja University. Where English-language research has focused on the frequency of words in large corpora and the implications of this feature for L2 vocabulary acquisition, the lexical availability tradition takes a much more learner-centred approach to L2 vocabulary skills, directly reflecting learners' needs and learners' ability to do things with small, effective vocabularies. This leads to a set of research priorities that look refreshingly different from the ones we are used to. Read this book. It might change the way you think about vocabulary research." Paul Meara, Swansea University, Wales, UK

The Evolution of Spanish Past Forms examines how Spanish past forms have changed diachronically. With examples from Medieval Spanish, Golden Age Spanish, and Modern Spanish literary works, this book demonstrates how language is dynamic and susceptible to change. The past forms considered here include the preterit, the imperfect, the imperfect progressive with estar (temporal to be), the present perfect, the imperfect progressive with other auxiliary verbs, the preterit progressive with estar, and the preterit progressive with other auxiliary verbs. This book will be of interest to scholars and graduate students investigating tense and aspect phenomena in Spanish and other languages, grammaticalization processes, and language variation and change.

This volume contributes to understanding childhoods in the twentieth and twenty-firstcentury by offering an in-depth overview of children and their engagement with the violent world around them. The chapters deal with different historical, spatial, and cultural contexts, yet converge on the question of how children relate to physiological and psychological violence. The twentieth century has been hailed as the "century of the child" but it has also witnessed an unprecedented escalation of cultural trauma experienced by children during the two World Wars, Holocaust, Partition of the Indian subcontinent, and Vietnam War. The essays in this volume focus on victimized childhood during instances of war, ethnic violence, migration under compulsion, rape, and provide insights into how a child negotiates with abstract notions of nation, ethnicity, belonging, identity, and religion. They use an array of literary and cinematic representations-fiction, paintings, films, and popular culture-to explore the long-term effect of violence and neglect on children. As such, they lend voice to children whose experiences of abuse have been multifaceted, ranging from genocide, conflict and xenophobia to sexual abuse, and also consider ways of healing. With contributions from across the world, this comprehensive book will be useful to scholars and researchers of cultural studies, literature, education, education policy, gender studies, child psychology, sociology, political studies, childhood studies, and those studying trauma, conflict, and resilience.

This book explores the concept of space, or rather spaces, in relation to translation, to construct a conceptual framework for research to better understand and solve translation problems. A number of interrelated spatial perspectives on translation supported by empirical evidence are presented to help better understand the complexities between China and West in cultural exchanges and to offer a way of explaining what happens to translation and why it takes on a particular form. In the chequered history of Chinese-Western cultural exchange, effective communication has remained a great challenge exacerbated by the ultimate inescapability of linguistic and cultural incommensurability. It is therefore necessary to develop conceptual tools that can help shed light on the interactive association between performativity and space in translation. Despite the unfailing desire to connect with the world, transnational resistance is still underway in China. Further attempts are required to promote a convergence of Chinese and Western translation theories in general and to confront problems arising from translation practice in particular. This work will be of interest to students and scholars in translation studies around the world, as well as those working in cultural studies and cross-cultural communication studies.

Translating Tagore's 'Stray Birds' into Chinese explores the choices in poetry translation in light of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and illustrates the ways in which readers can achieve a deeper understanding of translated works in English and Chinese. Focusing on Rabindranath Tagore's 'Stray Birds', a collection of elegant and philosophical poems, as a source text, Ma and Wang analyse four Chinese target texts by Zheng Zhenduo, Yao Hua, Lu Jinde and Feng Tang and consider their linguistic complexities through SFL. This book analyses the source text and the target texts from the perspectives of the four strata of language, including graphology, phonology, lexicogrammar and context. Ideal for researchers and academics of SFL, Translation Studies, Linguistics, and Discourse Analysis, Translating Tagore's 'Stray Birds' into Chinese provides an in-depth exploration of SFL and its emerging prominence in the field of Translation Studies.

Maku: A Comprehensive Grammar is a comprehensive reference grammar of the Maku language, spoken by the jukudeitse who once lived in Venezuela and Brazil. Based on fieldwork with the final two speakers of the language, it describes all core aspects of the grammatical system as they have been recorded; presented through lexical items, example sentences and texts. This book offers a description of the now-extinct language. It was written in response to the loss of linguistic information generally and the significance this language has for the study of the sociolinguistic history of the region specifically. This information contributes to our understanding of linguistic diversity and the indigenous linguistic ecologies in the Americas. Also included is data about language contact via loanwords with other indigenous language spoken in the Northern Amazonian region. The resources in this book are essential for language comparisons and language histories in Venezuela and Brazil. Maku: A Comprehensive Grammar is an important reference for researchers and students in the fields of linguistics, anthropology, sociology, history and the study of Amazonian languages.

A History of the Chinese Language provides a comprehensive introduction to the historical development of the Chinese language from its Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots in prehistoric times to Modern Standard Chinese. Taking a highly accessible and balanced approach, it presents a chronological survey of the various stages of the Chinese language, covering key aspects such as phonology, syntax, and semantics. The second edition presents a revised and updated version that reflects recent scholarship in Chinese historical linguistics and new developments in related disciplines. Features include: Coverage of the major historical stages in Chinese language development, such as Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, Early Modern Chinese, and Modern Standard Chinese. Treatment of core linguistic aspects of the Chinese language, including phonological changes, grammatical development, lexical evolution, vernacular writing, the Chinese writing system, and Chinese dialects. Inclusion of authentic Chinese texts throughout the book, presented within a rigorous framework of linguistic analysis to help students to build up critical and evaluative skills and acquire valuable cultural knowledge. Integration of materials from different disciplines, such as archaeology, genetics, history, and sociolinguistics, to highlight the cultural and social background of each period of the language. Written by a highly experienced instructor, A History of the Chinese Language will be an essential resource for students of Chinese language and linguistics and for anyone interested in the history and culture of China.

Outreach Strategies and Innovative Teaching Approaches for German Programs explores recruitment, curricular design and student retention in modern language instruction by sharing best practices and a wide variety of pragmatic initiatives from teacher-scholars who have been involved in the successful building of German programs. With German programs facing dwindling grant monies as students across the country shift from the liberal arts into career-oriented fields, it is paramount to promote German programs vigorously, to offer courses that reflect and compel students' interest, to keep students engaged in extracurricular activities and to establish a community of like-minded language learners. The combination of curriculum-based strategies coupled with innovative projects, and extracurricular and outreach activities is intended to serve as a guideline for teachers and scholars alike who are in need of best practices they can use to boost enrollment and attract and retain more students.