The volume presents new approaches to explaining word order variation and change in the Germanic languages and thus relates to one of the most prominent and widely discussed topics in the theory of language change and diachronic syntax. The novelty of our approach consists in three main points. First of all, we aim at describing functional variety in the field of word order and verb placement in the early Germanic languages not as a result of language contact, but rather as a language-internal phenomenon related to stylistic and grammatical conditions in information packaging. Second, given that information structure is not directly accessible in texts from historical corpora that are available only in written form and bear no or little information on prosody and intonation, it presents various methods of retrieving information-structural categories in such texts. Third, it presents empirical studies on the relation between word order and information structure of the four main texts of the Old High German period and embeds these results in the wider picture of word order change in Germanic. The volume will be of interest to students of German, English, and general linguistics as well as to researchers interested in diachronic syntax, philology of Older German, language change, information structure, discourse semantics, language typology, computational linguistics, and corpus studies.

This book systematically depicts the theory of textual patterns (chengshi) of the eight-part essays and logic in ancient Chinese texts. With the rare materials, it covers all the basic and important aspects of the whole process and values of chengshi, such as the transformation of different parts and the coherent expression of the doctrines, the planning of writing, and the application to the aesthetic and pedagogic fields. It also explores the similarities and disparities of logical patterns between ancient Chinese and Western texts. Though entirely fresh and tentative, the contrastive studies get new insights into the logic and philosophical concepts hidden in the writings for better understanding of the uniqueness and richness implied in Chinese culture.

e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es el primer volumen que aborda de manera conjunta las aportaciones al espanol LE/L2 de la linguistica de corpus, la biblioteconomia y la edicion digital. Es excelente para mejorar las tecnicas de investigacion a la vez que se toma conciencia sobre el uso de las tecnologias en los estudios sobre el espanol LE/L2. Caracteristicas principales: vision interdisciplinar e internacional a partir del trabajo de expertos que ejercen su actividad docente, investigadora y profesional en diferentes ambitos y en distintos paises; planteamiento teorico-practico mediante la exposicion de una reflexion teorica y la descripcion de casos practicos; solido marco teorico que se presenta en los dos primeros capitulos; estructura homogenea dividida en utiles apartados (necesidades, como ayudan las tecnologias y casos concretos) para que el lector pueda localizar los contenidos con facilidad; lectura del volumen que puede ser lineal (capitulo tras capitulo) o transversal (por ejemplo, los casos practicos que se presentan en cada capitulo); materiales complementarios en linea, como, por ejemplo, glosario hipertextual y enlaces a los corpus y programas mencionados en los capitulos. Escrito en espanol, de manera clara y accesible, y con abundantes ejemplos e ilustraciones, e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es ideal para todas aquellas personas vinculadas con la investigacion en torno al espanol LE/L2: estudiantes de master y doctorado, directores de tesis (PhD o master) y profesores. e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is the first volume that jointly addresses the contributions of corpus linguistics, librarianship and digital publishing to Spanish as a second or foreign language (LE/L2). It is excellent for improving research techniques while raising awareness about the use of technologies in studies of Spanish LE/L2. Main features: interdisciplinary and international vision based on the work of experts who carry out their teaching, research and professional activities in different fields and in different countries; theoretical-practical approach through the presentation of a theoretical reflection and the description of practical cases; solid theoretical framework which is presented in the first two chapters; each chapter is divided into three useful sections (needs, how technologies help, and specific cases) so that the reader can easily locate the contents; reading can be linear (chapter by chapter) or transversal (for example, the practical cases presented in each chapter); supplementary online materials include a hypertext glossary and links to the corpus and programs mentioned in the chapters. Written in Spanish, in a clear and accessible way, and with abundant examples and illustrations, e-Research y espanol LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is ideal for all those involved in research on Spanish LE/L2, master's and doctoral students, thesis supervisors and professors.

The Routledge Handbook of Variationist Approaches to Spanish provides an up-to-date overview of the latest research examining sociolinguistic approaches to analyzing variation in Spanish. Divided into three sections, the book includes the most current research conducted in Spanish variationist sociolinguistics. This comprehensive volume covers phonological, morphosyntactic, social, and lexical variation in Spanish. Each section is further divided into subsections focusing on specific areas of language variation, highlighting the most salient and current developments in each subfield of Hispanic sociolinguistics. As such, this Handbook delves further into the details of topics relating to variation and change in Spanish than previous publications, with a focus on the symbolic sociolinguistic value of specific phenomena in the field. Encouraging readers to think critically about language variation, this book will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers seeking to explore lesser-known areas of Hispanic sociolinguistics. The Routledge Handbook of Variationist Approaches to Spanish will be a welcome addition to specialists and students in the fields of linguistics, Hispanic linguistics, sociolinguistics, and linguistic anthropology.

This study provides a step by step explanation of Andre Malraux's theory of art. Drawing on his major works, such as The Voices of Silence and The Metamorphosis of the Gods, it examines key topics such as the nature of artistic creation, the psychology of our response to art, the birth of the notion of "art" itself and its transformation after Manet, the birth and death of the idea of beauty, the seriously neglected question of the relationship between art and the passage of time, the emergence of our "first universal world of art," the contemporary role of the art museum and the musee imaginaire, and the contentious question of the relationship between art and history. Rejecting negative criticisms from writers such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty and E. H. Gombrich, the study argues that Malraux offers us a theory of art that is fully coherent and highly illuminating. In addition, the analysis shows that he presents a radical challenge to the traditional explanations of art inherited from the Enlightenment that have dominated Western thinking for some three hundred years. In short, the study unveils a way of understanding art that is nothing short of an intellectual revolution.

This book presents different practices and strategies for the English as an additional language classroom as well as units that could be adapted to various grade levels, English language proficiency levels, and linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The research, lessons, and concepts included in the book present innovative ideas in EAL education. The chapters are the result of a professional learning program for 30 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers from Brazil, held at the University of Miami's School of Education and Human Development in the Spring semester of 2018. The program, entitled "Six-Week English Language Certificate Program for High School English Teachers from Brazil (PDPI)," contained several components related to language development and methodology, including orality, reading, writing, linguistic and grammatical knowledge, and interculturality. The program was guided by the principle of multiliteracies, with a focus on English language development through new possibilities to participate in meaning making that incorporates verbal, visual, body language, gestures, and audiovisual resources.

Inspired by the author's observations of the language curriculum as a practising teacher for the past 20 years, this book addresses how the high school Chinese language and literacy (Yuwen) curriculum in China was controlled and directed in the post-Mao era. Examining the social and political domination from 1980 to 2010, the book offers insights into how teachers and schools responded to the top-down curriculum change in their teaching practice. This book discusses some of the most important questions concerning China and its education system: What changes have occurred in the Chinese language and literacy curricula; how and why the changes have occurred; who has been in control of the process and outcome; and what impacts the curriculum changes may bring not only to China but to the international sectors that "export" education and degrees to China and Chinese students. The author provides answers to these questions crucial to both the contemporary Chinese society and the students who come out of that system. This critical inquiry of the Yuwen curriculum and its implementation provides a valuable and timely showcase for understanding the ideology of China's future generation and the social and political transformation in the past three decades. In addition to researchers, this book is expected to have impact on policymakers in China and beyond, where Chinese migrants and international students constitute a substantial learning population.

Research Into Translation and Training in Arab Academic Institutions provides insights into the current issues and challenges facing in-service and trainee Arabic translators and interpreters, both professionally and academically. This book addresses translators' status, roles, and structures. It also provides Arab perspectives on translation and translation training, written by scholars representing academic institutions across the Arab world. Themes in this collection include training terminologists on managing, promoting and marketing terms; corpora and translation teaching in the Arab world; use of translation technologies; translators training and translators' methodologies and assessment of translators' competence; research on translator training; and the status quo of undergraduate translation programs in a sample of five Arab universities. A valuable resource for students, professionals and scholars of Arabic translation and interpreting.

This book offers a critical examination of second language (L2) learning outside institutional contexts, with a focus on the way second language learners introduce, close, and manage conversational topics in everyday settings. Koenig adopts a Conversation Analysis for Second Language Acquisition (CA-SLA) approach in analyzing oral data from a longitudinal study of L2 learners of French, au pairs in Swiss families, over several years. With this approach the author presents insights into the ways in which L2 learners introduce and close conversational topics in ongoing conversations and how these strategies evolve over time, setting the stage for future research on this little documented process in second language acquisition. This volume contributes toward a greater understanding of L2 learning "in the wild," making this key reading for students and researchers in second language acquisition, applied linguistics, and French language learning and teaching.

* Features strategies and tools specific to world language instruction, for K-12 * Tools are timely and relevant, and address current topics such as the Sustainable Development Goals * Guidance applicable to in-person, remote, and hybrid classrooms, with a focus on blending digital learning and digital storytelling in both resource-rich and -poor environments * Includes resources such as sample student projects and teacher materials

There is a growing body of research on English-medium Instruction (EMI) in Asian contexts, and much of this research points out difficulties experienced by stakeholders. This volume takes up the issue of support for EMI, which is, and which can be, offered to students outside of the classroom in order to help them succeed academically in an EMI environment. Dr Ruegg's book demonstrates the effectiveness of such support in the Japanese context. It begins by examining the support currently available for students in English-medium full degree programmes then goes on to examine one successful support service in more detail in order to determine the kinds of effects that can be achieved by establishing such a centre. The research reported in this book was conducted in Japan, but the findings will apply in other locations, especially in other Asian countries. The information provided in the book is expected to inform institutions who are looking to either establish an English-medium degree programme or improve on an existing programme by sharing information about the practices of other institutions.

Whilst activities like transplantation and medical research have typically been considered on a discrete basis, they are also actually part of a broader phenomenon of medical means being employed to make use of human beings. This book is the first ever systematic critique of such medical use of the human being as a whole. It is divided into two parts. The first part considers what constitutes an appropriate normative lens through which to view such medical use and its constraint. It makes a reasoned ethical and human-rights-based case for preferring respect for human worth over any of the main alternative approaches that have been drawn on in specific contexts and outlines what this preference practically implies. The second part uses this respect-based lens to critique use discourse, law and practice. Drawing on three contrasting case study areas of warfare-related medical use, transplantation and human tissue research, this book exposes both the context-specific and thematic nature of shortfalls in respect. Overall this book provides a compelling analysis of how medical use ought to be constrained and a compelling critique of the excesses of discourse, practice and governance. It is recommended to academics, students, policymakers and professionals whose work is focused on or intersects with the medical sector and anyone else with an interest in medicine and its limits.

This volume contributes to understanding childhoods in the twentieth and twenty-firstcentury by offering an in-depth overview of children and their engagement with the violent world around them. The chapters deal with different historical, spatial, and cultural contexts, yet converge on the question of how children relate to physiological and psychological violence. The twentieth century has been hailed as the "century of the child" but it has also witnessed an unprecedented escalation of cultural trauma experienced by children during the two World Wars, Holocaust, Partition of the Indian subcontinent, and Vietnam War. The essays in this volume focus on victimized childhood during instances of war, ethnic violence, migration under compulsion, rape, and provide insights into how a child negotiates with abstract notions of nation, ethnicity, belonging, identity, and religion. They use an array of literary and cinematic representations-fiction, paintings, films, and popular culture-to explore the long-term effect of violence and neglect on children. As such, they lend voice to children whose experiences of abuse have been multifaceted, ranging from genocide, conflict and xenophobia to sexual abuse, and also consider ways of healing. With contributions from across the world, this comprehensive book will be useful to scholars and researchers of cultural studies, literature, education, education policy, gender studies, child psychology, sociology, political studies, childhood studies, and those studying trauma, conflict, and resilience.

Results-oriented textbook - created using the principles of backward design which ensures targets are set for each skill (listening, speaking, reading and writing), clear outcomes are defined and measured, and all the activities and reading selections are aligned with these goals. Communicative focus - each chapter contains projects and scenarios that enable learners to practice and demonstrate communicative competence in Russian in a realistic but simulated way. Up-to-date - reflects the latest discourses and vocabulary relevant to modern Russia

'I find it impossible to believe you will not love this book' - Daniel Radcliffe The Ministry of Quizzes is the must-buy gift book for quiz solvers and puzzlers, from David Gentle, author of On the Tip of My Tongue. Perfect for fans of the GCHQ Puzzle Book, Bletchley Park Brainteasers, and The Ordnance Survey Puzzle Book. Deep in the heart of Whitehall, up an unnoticeable side road, is an office block. Unremarkable on the outside, inside it buzzes and bustles with activity. Civil servants are hard at work, researching, compiling, cross-checking. Facts and trivia, questions and puzzles. This is the Ministry of Quizzes. This small but essential government department serves the nation's needs on all matters relating to quizzes, puzzles and general knowledge trivia. Now, for the first time, their work can be revealed. The Ministry of Quizzes features an ingenious and irresistible mixture of over 200 quizzes and puzzles to be played solo or with family and friends. Not everyone is convinced this government department actually exists. But how else could we explain such a copious and comprehensive collection of diverse, devious and distracting questions and brainteasers?

This volume presents an interdisciplinary approach to the study of second language prosody and computer modeling. It addresses the importance of prosody's role in communication, bridging the gap between applied linguistics and computer science. The book illustrates the growing importance of the relationship between automated speech recognition systems and language learning assessment in light of new technologies and showcases how the study of prosody in this context in particular can offer innovative insights into the computerized process of natural discourse. The book offers detailed accounts of different methods of analysis and computer models used and demonstrates how these models can be applied to L2 discourse analysis toward predicting real-world language use. Kang, Johnson, and Kermad also use these frameworks as a jumping-off point from which to propose new models of second language prosody and future directions for prosodic computer modeling more generally. Making the case for the use of naturalistic data for real-world applications in empirical research, this volume will foster interdisciplinary dialogues across students and researchers in applied linguistics, speech communication, speech science, and computer engineering.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate-level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio and video files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate-level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304. NihonGO NOW! Level 2 Volume 2 Textbook is ideally accompanied by the Level 2 Volume 2 Activity Book.

This book provides an in-depth study of translation and translators in nineteenth-century Ireland, using translation history to widen our understanding of cultural exchange in the period. It paints a new picture of a transnational Ireland in contact with Europe, offering fresh perspectives on the historical, political and cultural debates of the era. Employing contemporary translation theories and applying them to Ireland's socio-historical past, the author offers novel insights on a large range of disciplines relating to the country, such as religion, gender, authorship and nationalism. She maps out new ways of understanding the impact of translation in society and re-examines assumptions about the place of language and Europe in nineteenth-century Ireland. By focusing on a period of significant linguistic and societal change, she questions the creative, conflictual and hegemonic energies unleashed by translations. This book will therefore be of interest to those working in Translation Studies, Irish Studies, History, Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies.

Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish es la primera publicacion concebida para desarrollar y perfeccionar la expresion escrita en espanol a partir de una metodologia basada en generos textuales. Cada capitulo se ocupa de un genero y esta disenado para guiar al escritor en la planificacion, el desarrollo y la revision de textos. Las novedades de esta segunda edicion incluyen: un cuestionario sobre la escritura, listados con objetivos y practicas escritas, nuevos materiales y actividades, repertorios de vocabulario tematico, ejercicios de correccion gramatical y estilo, ampliacion de las respuestas modelo y diferentes rutas para la escritura. Caracteristicas principales: * Tipologias variadas: textos narrativos, descriptivos, expositivos, argumentativos, periodisticos, publicitarios, juridicos y administrativos, cientificos y tecnicos; * Actividades para trabajar la precision lexica, la gramatica, el estilo y la reescritura de manera progresiva; * Vocabulario tematico, marcadores discursivos y expresiones utiles para la escritura; * Pautas detalladas, consejos practicos y estrategias discursivas en funcion del tipo de texto; * Modelos textuales de reconocidos periodistas y autores del ambito hispanico; * Recursos adicionales recogidos en un portal de escritura en linea. Disenado como libro de texto, material de autoaprendizaje u obra de referencia, Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish es una herramienta esencial para familiarizarse con las caracteristicas linguisticas y discursivas propias de la lengua y para dominar la tecnica de la escritura en diferentes generos textuales. Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish provides intermediate and advanced level students with the necessary skills to become competent and confident writers in the Spanish language. This new edition includes: new material and activities, chapter objectives, exercises on grammar and style correction, thematic vocabulary lists, and an expanded answer key with more detailed explanations. Designed for use as a classroom text, self-study material or reference work, Tecnicas de escritura en espanol y generos textuales / Developing Writing Skills in Spanish is ideal for all intermediate to advanced students of Spanish.

Research Into Translation and Training in Arab Academic Institutions provides insights into the current issues and challenges facing in-service and trainee Arabic translators and interpreters, both professionally and academically. This book addresses translators' status, roles, and structures. It also provides Arab perspectives on translation and translation training, written by scholars representing academic institutions across the Arab world. Themes in this collection include training terminologists on managing, promoting and marketing terms; corpora and translation teaching in the Arab world; use of translation technologies; translators training and translators' methodologies and assessment of translators' competence; research on translator training; and the status quo of undergraduate translation programs in a sample of five Arab universities. A valuable resource for students, professionals and scholars of Arabic translation and interpreting.

This book provides a detailed study and a novel Minimalist account of copular sentences in Russian, focusing on case marking alternations (nominative vs. instrumental) and drawing a distinction between two types of copular sentences. On the assumption that Merge is defined in the simplest way possible, it is argued that not all syntactic structures are a(nti)symmetrical. One of the copular sentence types is analyzed as a poster child for symmetrical structures, while the other type is treated as asymmetrical. The originality of this study lies in treating the copula in the two types of copular sentences neither as completely identical nor as two distinct lexical items; instead, the two types of copula are derived through the process of semantic bleaching. Furthermore, it is argued that the two types of the copula need to combine with post-copular phrases of different categories. It is concluded that Russian draws a distinction between saturated DPs and unsaturated NPs, in spite of its renowned lack of overt articles.

First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor and Francis, an informa company.

This book uses critical metaphor analysis to show from a cognitive perspective how climate change is conceptualized in the USA. The author enriches his linguistic analysis with cognitive aspects such as source-target domain mapping and metaphor opposition to explain how metaphor works in terms of framing this issue, drawing on a Critical Discourse Analysis-informed framework to demonstrate how politicians represent the climate crisis in their attempts to trigger social change. Using a data set of speeches given by US-based politicians, governors and mayors speaking in the context of the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, the book categorizes metaphors on different conceptions such as war, construction, unfairness, journey, and cleanliness to bridge the gap between ecolinguistics and critical metaphor analysis. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in fields including applied linguistics, political communication, ecolinguistics, and cognitive linguistics and psychology.

The Evolution of Spanish Past Forms examines how Spanish past forms have changed diachronically. With examples from Medieval Spanish, Golden Age Spanish, and Modern Spanish literary works, this book demonstrates how language is dynamic and susceptible to change. The past forms considered here include the preterit, the imperfect, the imperfect progressive with estar (temporal to be), the present perfect, the imperfect progressive with other auxiliary verbs, the preterit progressive with estar, and the preterit progressive with other auxiliary verbs. This book will be of interest to scholars and graduate students investigating tense and aspect phenomena in Spanish and other languages, grammaticalization processes, and language variation and change.