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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Immunology
This volume brings together recent developments in quasispecies
theory extended to variable environments and practical applications
in elucidating viral dynamics and treatment designs. In particular,
the existence of an error threshold in rugged fitness landscapes
has opened the way to a new antiviral strategy termed lethal
mutagenesis, which is now under intensive theoretical, experimental
and clinical investigation. As such the book explains how an
understanding of quasispecies dynamics within infected organisms
has increased our knowledge of viral disease events. From a
clinical perspective, population dynamics highlights important
problems for viral disease control, such as the selection of
drug-resistant mutants that often accompanies treatment failures,
and suggests means of increasing the effectiveness of antiviral
treatments. The book is intended for students and scientists
interested in basic and applied aspects of biophysics, chemistry,
biology, evolution and medical virology.
Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected
publication, presents current developments and comprehensive
reviews on immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics
that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular
activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and
clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists
in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and
directions for the future.
Respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability
globally, with about 65 million people suffering from COPD, and 334
million from asthma, the most common chronic disease. Each year,
tens of millions of people develop and can die from from
respiratory infections such as pneumonia and TB. Systemic
inflammation may induce and exacerbate local inflammatory diseases
in the lungs, and local inflammation can in turn cause systemic
inflammation. There is increasing evidence of the coexistence of
systemic and local inflammation in patients suffering from asthma,
COPD, and other lung diseases, and the co-morbidity of two or more
local inflammatory diseases often occurs. For example, rheumatoid
arthritis frequently occurs together with, and promotes the
development of, pulmonary hypertension. This co-morbidity
significantly impacts quality of life, and can result in death for
those affected. Current treatment options for lung disease are
neither effective, nor condition-specific; there is a desperate
need for novel therapeutics in the field. Additionally, the
molecular and physiological significance of most major lung
diseases is not well understood, which further impedes development
of new treatments, especially in the case of coexistent lung
diseases with other inflammatory diseases. Great progress has been
made in recent years in many areas of the field, particularly in
understanding the molecular geneses, regulatory mechanisms,
signalling pathways, and cellular processes within lung disease, as
well as basic and clinical technology, drug discovery, diagnoses,
treatment options, and predictive prognoses. This is the first text
to aggregate these developments. In two comprehensive volumes,
experts from all over the world present state-of-the-art advances
in the study of lung inflammation in health and disease.
Contributing authors cover well-known as well as emerging topics in
basic, translational, and clinical research, with the aim of
providing researchers, clinicians, professionals, and students with
new perspectives and concepts. The editors hope these books will
also help to direct future research in lung disease and other
inflammatory diseases, and result in the development of novel
therapeutics.
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America,
guest edited by Dr. Rohit Katial, is devoted to Severe Asthma.
Articles in this issue include: Epidemiology and Pulmonary
Physiology of Severe Asthma; Linkage and Genetic Associations in
Severe Asthma; Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS); Biomarkers in
Severe Asthma; Imaging in Severe Asthma; Eosinophilic Phenotype;
Neutrophilic and Pauci-immune Phenotypes; Role of Sleep Apnea and
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Severe Asthma; Role of Small
Airways in Severe Asthma; Chronic Infection and Severe Asthma;
Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Aspirin Associated Respiratory Disease;
Psychosocial Factors in Severe Asthma; Traditional Therapies for
Severe Asthma; and Emerging Biologics for Severe Asthma.
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America,
guest edited by Dr. Jonathan A. Bernstein, is devoted to Rhinitis.
Articles in this issue include: Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and
Definitions; Allergic Rhinitis: Burden of Illness, Quality of Life
and Control; Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms of Action; Allergic
Rhinitis: Diagnosis; Allergic Rhinitis: Treatment; Non-allergic
Rhinitis: Mechanism of Action; Non-allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis;
Non-allergic Rhinitis: Treatment; Localized Allergic Rhinitis;
Occupational Rhinitis; Rhinitis in the Elderly; Complications of
Rhinitis; Allergic Rhinitis: Environmental Determinants;
Non-allergic Rhinitis: Environmental Determinants; and Novel,
Alternative, and Controversial Therapies.
Autoimmune neurologic disease results when the immune response
to the body s own organs run wild and causes the immune system to
attack itself. Autoimmunity is a main element in numerous nervous
system diseases and can target any structure within the central or
peripheral nervous system. Over the past 20 years significant
advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune
disorders including biomarkers has led to new diagnosis and
treatment options. Neurologic conditions associated with autoimmune
reactions include, dementia, neuromuscular disease, epilepsy, sleep
disorders, diabetes, and other common neurologic disorders and
disease. This current tutorial-reference will be a must-have title
for clinical neurologists, research neurologists and
neuroscientists, and any medical professional working with
autoimmune disease and disorders.
*Comprehensive coverage of autoimmune neurology *Details the
latest techniques for the study, diagnosis and treatment of
diseases and disorders including dementia, neuromuscular disease,
epilepsy, sleep disorders *A focused reference for clinical
practitioners and the clinical neurology and neurology research
communities"
Immunologists, perhaps understandably, most often concentrate on
the human immune system, an anthropocentric focus that has resulted
in a dearth of information about the immune function of all other
species within the animal kingdom. However, knowledge of animal
immune function could help not only to better understand human
immunology, but perhaps more importantly, it could help to treat
and avoid the blights that affect animals, which consequently
affect humans. Take for example the mass death of honeybees in
recent years - their demise, resulting in much less pollination,
poses a serious threat to numerous crops, and thus the food supply.
There is a similar disappearance of frogs internationally,
signaling ecological problems, among them fungal infections. This
book aims to fill this void by describing and discussing what is
known about non-human immunology. It covers various major animal
phyla, its chapters organized in a progression from the simplest
unicellular organisms to the most complex vertebrates, mammals.
Chapters are written by experts, covering the latest findings and
new research being conducted about each phylum. Edwin L. Cooper is
a Distinguished Professor in the Laboratory of Comparative
Immunology, Department of Neurobiology at UCLA's David Geffen
School of Medicine.
This volume presents a broad selection of cutting-edge methods and
tools that will enable the reader to investigate the multi-faceted
manifestations of inflammation. Inflammation: Methods and Protocols
is divided into four sections: the first three sections describe
protocols investigating immune-mediated inflammatory disease models
affecting barrier organs to the environment; the skin, the lung,
and the intestinal and oral mucosa. The fourth section illustrates
inflammatory disease models of the brain, joints, and vasculature.
Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology
series format, chapters include introductions to their respective
topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents,
step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes
on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and
practical, Inflammation: Methods and Protocols aims to inspire the
experienced investigator and the young experimenter alike to
disentangle the fascinating process of inflammation.
Aimed at both beginners and experienced researchers unfamiliar with
the technique, this book provides a concise and easy-to-understand
guide to using immunohistochemistry. It identifies the proper place
and purpose of each component of immunohistochemistry, emphasizes
the components that are of critical importance, and explains the
logistics of experimental approaches. Understanding the principles
of immunohistochemistry allows for the identification and
localization of protein targets and is of crucial use in the
following experiments: * producing transgenic animals * studying
the effects of drug treatments * electrophysiological studies *
animal surgery * isolating and differentiating stem cells *
super-resolution microscopy Immunohistochemistry for the Non-Expert
is aimed at a wide audience, including molecular biologists,
pharmacologists, immunologists, chemists, cell biologists,
physiologists, and researchers involved with animal anatomy
studies.
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for the Use of Biological
Response Modifiers, Differentiating Agents and Nucleoside Analogues
in Combination: Cytokine Synergy in Immunotherapy (J.W. Hadden et
al.). Monitoring Combination Therapy Trials (J.L. Rossio et al.).
Combination Chemotherapy and BRM Therapy in the Treatment of
Cancer: Cancer Immunochemotherapy (G. Graziani et al.). Combination
of Chronic Indomethacin and Intermittent IL2 Therapy in the
Treatment of Disseminated Cancer (P.K. Lala et al.). Biological
Response Modifiers and Differentiating Agents in Myelodisplastic
Syndromes (A. Venditti et al.). Single and Combination Therapy with
BRM's in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases, AIDS, and
Autoimmunity: AntiCytokine Therapy of Murine Candidiasis (L. Romani
et al.). The Basic Research and Clinical Application of
Thymopeptidin (C.X. Zheng et al.). Combination AntiHIV Therapy
(T.C. Merigan). 22 additional articles. Index.
As bone marrow transplant treatments and chemotherapy develop, the
population of neutropenic cancer patients is on the rise. These
developments are allowing patients to live longer, but in recent
years, they have also led to an increase in previously rare
infections and syndromes, whose management is unfamiliar to the
average healthcare professional. Infections in Neutropenic Cancer
Patients is a crucial resource for medical students, residents,
practitioners, health professionals, and researchers. It details
the clinical presentation, diagnoses, and management of an array of
common infections and syndromes specific to neutropenic cancer
patients, including real scenarios accompanied by color photos and
radiographic results. Chapters include step-by-step tutorials,
access to clinical answers on diagnosis and treatment, and a
tabulated summary of the key points.
Multiple Myeloma remains an incurable malignancy. As the disease
progresses, it invariably becomes resistant to treatment and almost
all patients develop refractory disease. There are multiple
different types of targeted therapies and many of them are used in
combination at different stages of disease. Targeted therapies that
are approved to be used include Proteasome Inhibitors,
Immunomodulatory Drugs and Monoclonal Antibodies. Second and third
generations of these drugs are developed to overcome resistance and
they have unique mechanism of actions. Targeted therapies that are
undergoing clinical trials include CAR-T cells, bi-specific
antibodies, vaccines, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors and BCL-2
inhibitors. This book will help to develop an understanding of
targeted therapies in Multiple Myeloma. Its goal is to provide a
unique review of the mechanism of action and resistance of the many
targeted therapies in Multiple Myeloma by leaders of the field. The
book will be useful for students in medical science, clinicians,
health professionals, scientists, pharmaceutical professionals,
drug developers, and policy makers. This book will provide an
insightful knowledge of the biology of Multiple Myeloma, the
mechanism of action and resistance of targeted therapies,
application of biomarkers and genomics and possible strategies in
overcoming resistance and future development.
Translational Immunology: Mechanisms and Pharmacologic Approaches
highlights and summarizes the most important advances in human
immunology, clinical translations, new tools to analyze therapeutic
targets, and new pharmacological approaches for autoimmunity,
inflammatory disorders, and cancer. The book is an essential
resource for those seeking to understand the potential
translational applications of burgeoning studies in human
immunology, helping readers make sense of the existing and emerging
scientific advances. The book grounds fundamental science in the
translational realm, providing insights from world renowned
researchers at the top of their game in their respective fields, in
both industry and academic settings. Readers will gain an
understanding of the rationale and mechanisms underlying current
and emerging pharmacologic approaches for interventional
immunology, the gaps therein, and new ideas for better and safer
therapeutic approaches, and physicians will glean information about
pharmacological limitations in altering disease progression and
complications. This reference on the translational realization of
the burgeoning findings in immunology provides a go-to reference
for experienced professional clinicians, researchers, industry
scientists, and those seeking more information on the field.
This book gathers selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the
Second International Conference on Infectious Diseases and
Nanomedicine (ICIDN), held in Kathmandu, Nepal on December 15-18,
2015. It also includes invited papers from the leading experts in
the related fields. The book highlights the importance of
"Interdisciplinary Collaborative Research for Innovation in the
Biomedical Sciences," the motto of the ICIDN conference. In
particular, it addresses interdisciplinary scientific approaches
for systematic understanding of the biology of major human
infectious diseases and their treatment regimes by applying the
tools and techniques of nanotechnology. It also provides
cutting-edge information on infectious diseases and nanomedicine,
focusing on various aspects of emerging infectious diseases:
cellular and molecular microbiology; epidemiology and infectious
disease surveillance; antimicrobials, vaccines and alternatives;
drug design, drug delivery and tissue engineering; nanomaterials
and biomedical materials.
This book describes modern biophysical techniques that enable us to
understand and examine dynamic processes of infection at the
molecular level. Cutting-edge research articles, laboratory
protocols, case studies and up-to-date reviews cover topics such as
single-molecule observation of DNA replication repair pathways in
E. coli; evolution of drug resistance in bacteria; restriction
enzymes as barriers to horizontal gene transfer in Staphylococcus
aureus; infectious and bacterial pathogen biofilms; killing
infectious pathogens through DNA damage; bacterial surfaces in
host-pathogen interactions; bacterial gene regulation by
riboswitches; transcription regulation in enterobacterial
pathogens; the bacterial flagellar motor; initial surface
colonization by bacteria; Salmonella Typhi host restrictions; as
well as monitoring proton motive force in bacteria; microbial
pathogens using digital holography; mathematical modelling of
microbial pathogen motility; neutron reflectivity in studying
bacterial membranes; force spectroscopy in studying infection and
4D multi-photon imaging to investigate immune responses. The focus
is on the development and application of complex techniques and
protocols at the interface of life sciences and physics, which
increase the physiological relevance of biophysical investigations.
Personalized Immunosuppression in Transplantation: Role of
Biomarker Monitoring and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring provides
coverage of the various approaches to monitoring immunosuppressants
in transplant patients, including the most recently developed
biomarker monitoring methods, pharmacogenomics approaches, and
traditional therapeutic drug monitoring. The book is written for
pathologists, toxicologists, and transplant surgeons who are
involved in the management of transplant patients, offering them
in-depth coverage of the management of immunosuppressant therapy in
transplant patients with the goal of maximum benefit from drug
therapy and minimal risk of drug toxicity. This book also provides
practical guidelines for managing immunosuppressant therapy,
including the therapeutic ranges of various immunosuppressants, the
pitfalls of methodologies used for determination of these
immunosuppressants in whole blood or plasma, appropriate
pharmacogenomics testing for organ transplant recipients, and when
biomarker monitoring could be helpful.
Dr. Gupta provides a comprehensive overview of the clinjical
management of food allergy. Articles are devoted to epidemiology,
pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, immunology, and treatments
of food allergy. Current knowledge of the relationship between the
gut microbiome and food allergy is also presented as well as
eosiniphilic esophagitis and oral allergy synrome.
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America,
Guest Edited by Anthony Montanaro, MD, is devoted to Primary
Immunodeficiency Disorders. Dr. Montanaro has assembled a group of
expert authors to review the following topics: Overview of
Immunodeficiency Disorder; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Disorder; Specific Antibody Deficiencies; Common Variable
Immunodeficiency; Pulmonary Manifestations of Primary
Immunodeficiency Disorders; Approach to the Child with Recurrent
Infections; Immunoglobulin Treatment for Primary Immunodeficiency;
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Primary Immunodeficiency; and
Autoimmune Manifestations of Primary Immunodeficiency.
This volume provides all the essential protocols that are currently
used to study the immune synapse. Chapters in The Immune Synapse:
Methods and Protocols cover methods for the study of the dynamics
of immune synapse assembly, traffic at the immune synapse, new high
resolution imaging, biophysical and computational methods for the
study of the immune synapse, effector immune synapses, B cell, NK
and mast cell immune synapses, and immune interactions in vivo.
Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology
series format, chapters include introductions to their respective
topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents,
step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips
on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and
practical, The Immune Synapse: Methods and Protocols will be of
interest to immunologists and, at a more general level, to cell
biologists, biophysicists and computational biologists.
Food Allergy and Gluten-Free Weight Loss gives definitive answers
to the question, "Why is it so hard to lose weight?" It is because
we have missed or ignored the most important pieces in the puzzle
of how our bodies determine whether to store or burn fat. Those
puzzle pieces are hormones such as insulin, cortisol, leptin, and
others. Individuals with food allergies or gluten intolerance face
additional weight-loss challenges such as inflammation due to
allergies or a diet too high in rice. This book explains how to put
your body chemistry and hormones to work for you rather than
against you, reduce inflammation which inhibits the action of your
master weight control hormone, leptin, and flip your fat switch
from "store" to "burn." It includes a flexible healthy eating plan
that eliminates hunger, promotes the burning of fat, and reduces
inflammation and tells how to customize the plan so it fits you,
your allergies or intolerances, and your need for pleasure in what
you eat. Information about cooking for special diets, 175 recipes,
a list of sources for special foods, and extensive appendix and
reference sections are also included.
This work provides rapid access to focused information on topics of
Immunotoxicology not only for scientists and those dealing with
laboratory aspects but also for lecturers and advanced students.
Over 200 contributing authors - including many of the world's top
specialists - have contributed full essays on all relevant topics,
supplemented by keyword definitions of related terms. Full essays
are structured uniformly to provide reader-friendly information on
all aspects of Immunotoxicology, including methods of testing and
analysis, characteristics of substances, the regulatory environment
and the relevance of these to humans.
Twenty years ago, the idea that Alzheimer's disease (AD) involved
any sort of inflammatory or immune component seemed implausible.
Now, there are hundreds of laboratories world-wide that are
pursuing basic research in this area, and multi-site clinical
trials are underway. How this dramatic sea-change came about is
made clear in this book, both through overviews of the field and
through focused papers on specific topics of recent interest.
Complement, cytokines and the complex host of other acute phase
reactants are covered, as are summaries of many epidemiologic and
clinical-pathological findings. Written by established
investigators who have led neuroinflammatory research for two
decades, this volume particularly emphasizes correlations between
inflammatory phenomena in the brains of AD patients with findings
of the "classic" approach, such as pathophysiologic effects of
amyloid b peptide. The book documents and synthesizes earlier and
recent findings in AD to help a broad range of scientists in
gaining a broader and more comprehensive knowledge of the
complexities AD presents. In addition, many of the concepts and
results that have emerged from AD inflammation research may have
implications for other neurologic disorders that involve
inflammatory components, including multiple sclerosis and stroke.
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