This work focuses on the fundamentals of MMCs for engineers and designers. The new edition addresses new issues and developments in the areas of automotive, aerospace, electronics and consumer applications. These include continuous fiber reinforced MMCs for cables in power transmission, high temperature superconducting wires, particulate MMCs in civilian aircraft and automotive applications, and high volume fraction, high thermal conductivity substrates for electronic packaging. The coverage is thorough and cohesive, and emphasizes the synergistic relationships among processing, structure and properties of metal matrix composites.

This book gives background information why shale formations in the world are important both for storage capacity and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). Part of this book investigates the sequestration capacity in geological formations and the mechanisms for the enhanced storage rate of CO2 in an underlying saline aquifer. The growing concern about global warming has increased interest in geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). The main mechanism of the enhancement, viz., the occurrence of gravity fingers, which are the vehicles of enhanced transport in saline aquifers, can be visualized using the Schlieren technique. In addition high pressure experiments confirmed that the storage rate is indeed enhanced in porous media. The book is appropriate for graduate students, researchers and advanced professionals in petroleum and chemical engineering. It provides the interested reader with in-depth insights into the possibilities and challenges of CO2 storage and the EGR prospect.

Authored by many of the world's leading experts on high-Tc superconductivity, this volume presents a panorama of ongoing research in the field, as well as insights into related multifunctional materials. The contributions cover many different and complementary aspects of the physics and materials challenges, with an emphasis on superconducting materials that have emerged since the discovery of the cuprate superconductors, for example pnictides, MgB2, H2S and other hydrides. Special attention is also paid to interface superconductivity. In addition to superconductors, the volume also addresses materials related to polar and multifunctional ground states, another class of materials that owes its discovery to Prof. Muller's ground-breaking research on SrTiO3.

This book covers the theory, modeling, and implementation of different RF energy harvesting systems. RF energy harvesting is the best choice among the existing renewable energy sources, in terms of availability, cost, size, and integration with other systems. The device used for harvesting RF energy is called rectenna. A rectenna can work at the microwave, millimeter-wave, and terahertz waves. It also has the capability to operate at optical frequencies to be used for 6G and beyond communication systems. This book covers all aspects of wireless power transfer (WPT)/wireless energy harvesting (WEH), basics, theoretical concepts, and advanced developments occurring in the field of energy harvesting. It also covers the design theory for different types of antenna, rectifier, and impedance matching circuits used in RF energy harvesting systems. Different future and present applications, such as charging of vehicles, smart medical health care, self-driven e-vehicles, self-sustainable home automation system, and wireless drones, have also been discussed in detail.

This book is a simple and didactic account of the developments and practical applications of predictive, adaptive predictive, and optimized adaptive control from a perspective of stability, including the latest methodology of adaptive predictive expert (ADEX) control. ADEX Optimized Adaptive Control Systems is divided into six parts, with exercises and real-time simulations provided for the reader as appropriate. The text begins with the conceptual and intuitive knowledge of the technology and derives the stability conditions to be verified by the driver block and the adaptive mechanism of the optimized adaptive controller to guaranty the desired control performance. The second and third parts present strategic considerations of predictive control and related adaptive systems necessary for the proper design of driver block and adaptive mechanism and thence their technical realization. The authors then proceed to detail the stability theory that supports predictive, adaptive predictive and optimized adaptive control methodologies. Benchmark applications of these methodologies (distillation column and pulp-factory bleaching plant) are treated next with a focus on practical implementation issues. The final part of the book describes ADEX platforms and illustrates their use in the design and implementation of optimized adaptive control systems to three different challenging-to-control industrial processes: waste-water treatment; sulfur recovery; and temperature control of superheated steam in coal-fired power generation. The presentation is completed by a number of appendices containing technical background associated with the main text including a manual for the ADEX COP platform developed by the first author to exploit the capabilities of adaptive predictive control in real plants. ADEX Optimized Adaptive Control Systems provides practicing process control engineers with a multivariable optimal control solution which is adaptive and resistant to perturbation and the effects of noise. Its pedagogical features also facilitate its use as a teaching tool for formal university and Internet-based open-education-type graduate courses in practical optimal adaptive control and for self-study.

Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.

This book explores new experimental phase diagrams of non-oxide ceramics, with a particular focus on the silicon nitride, silicon carbide and aluminum nitride, as well as the ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) systems. It features more than 80 experimental phase diagrams of these non-oxide ceramics, including three phase diagrams of UHTC systems, constructed by the authors. Physical chemistry data covering the period since the 1970s, collected by the author Z.K.Huang, is presented in six tables in the appendixes. It also includes 301 figures involving about 150 material systems. Most of the phase diagrams have been selected from the ACerS-NIST database with copyright permission. The book methodically presents numerous diagrams previously scattered in various journals and conferences worldwide. Providing extensive experimental data, it is a valuable reference resource on ceramics development and design for academic researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students.

Now in its 3e, "Film Properties of Plastics and Elastomers," has been extensively revised. This is the only data handbook available on the engineering properties of commercial polymeric films. It details many physical, mechanical, optical, electrical, and permeation properties within the context of specific test parameters, providing a ready reference for comparing materials in the same family as well as materials in different families. Data is presented on the characteristics of 47 major plastic and elastomer packaging materials. New to this edition, the resin chapters each contain textual summary information including category, general description, processing methods, applications, and other facts as appropriate, such as reliability, weatherability, and regulatory approval considerations for use in food and medical packaging. Extensive references are provided.
Essential data and practical guidance for engineers and scientists working with polymer films 3e expanded by nearly 50% to include new data sections and additional explanatory chapters to help readers utilize the data and work successfully with plastic films Written for engineers working across the key market sectors for polymer film applications: semiconductor, chemicals, food, beverage and pharmaceutical packaging, energy, medical devices, etc.

This book presents and summarizes the new thoughts, new methods and new achievements that have emerged in the biotechnology of lignocellulose in recent years. It proposes new concepts including the primary refining, fractionation, multi-level utilization and selective structural separation of lignocellulose, etc. By approaching lignocellulose as a multi-level resource, biotechnology could have a significant effect on ecological agriculture, bio-energy, the chemical and paper making industries, etc., ultimately establishing distinctive eco-industrial parks for lignocellulose. Additionally, this book provides systematic research methods for the biotechnology of lignocellulose including investigation methods for the primary refining of lignocellulose, for microbial degradation and enzymatic hydrolysis, for cellulose fermentation and for lignocellulose conversion processes. It offers an excellent reference work and guide for scientists engaging in research on lignocellulose. Dr. Hongzhang Chen is a Professor at the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

"From the Forward: "
Processing, fabrication, applications, and limitations of inherently conducting polymers are covered in this book. Electrically conducting polymers have many potential applications and thus are a focus of research interest. Such polymers depend on a conjugated backbone that can be doped with highly reactive materials to increase conductivity, but this backbone is also the source of instability in these materials.
The work described concentrates on solving these instability problems, using various doping techniques to yield polymers more stable than polyacetylene, (CH)x, the first extensively characterized covalent organic polymer. Several methods of synthesizing conjugated polymers and ways of doping the conjugated backbone are described. The stability of pristine and doped polymers is examined in ambient atmosphere and under thermal treatment, and several stabilization techniques are discussed, including chemical doping, ion implantation, plastification, copolymerization, antioxidative treatments, surface protection, and the use of crown ethers.
Although considerable progress has been made, a fully stable, highly conductive polymer still awaits development. Various possible uses of such a polymer and the conditions for successful applications are described, as are the relative advantages and disadvantages of currently available polymers.

This book is designed to help athletes and individuals interested in high sports performance in their journey towards the perfection of human sports abilities and achievements. It has two main goals: accelerating the acquisition of motor skills and preparing and vigilantly reducing the recovery time after training and competition. The Diamond Sports Protocol (DSP) presents state-of-the-art techniques for current sport and health technologies, particularly neuromuscular electrical stimulation (Sports Wave), oxygen infusion (Oxy Sports), infrared (Sports Infrared Dome) and lactic acid cleaning (Turbo Sports). The book suggest DSP as an essential part of every future athlete's training, competition and health maintenance. The book is for everyone interested in superior sports performance, fast and effective rehabilitation from training and competition and sports injury prevention.

The present work focuses on the development of intensified small-scale extraction units for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing using advanced process engineering with combined experimental and modelling methodologies. It discusses a number of novel elements, such as the intensification of spent fuel reprocessing and the use of ionic liquids as green alternatives to organic solvents. The use of ionic liquids in two-phase liquid-liquid separation is new to the Multiphase Flow community, and has proved to be challenging, especially in small channels, because of the surface and interfacial properties involved, which are very different to those of common organic solvents. Numerical studies have been also performed to couple the hydrodynamics at small scale with the mass transfer. The numerical results, taken together with scale-up studies, are used to evaluate the applicability of the small-scale units in reprocessing large volumes of nuclear waste.

This volume is dedicated to Professor Okyay Kaynak to commemorate his life time impactful research and scholarly achievements and outstanding services to profession. The 21 invited chapters have been written by leading researchers who, in the past, have had association with Professor Kaynak as either his students and associates or colleagues and collaborators. The focal theme of the volume is the Sliding Modes covering a broad scope of topics from theoretical investigations to their significant applications from Control to Intelligent Mechatronics.

The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process, one of the most important technological developments in the past decade, has made production of high quality diamond coatings on preshaped parts and synthesis of freestanding shapes of diamond a reality. Epitaxial diamond has been grown on diamond and cubic-BN. Poly-crystalline diamond films have been deposited on various non-diamond substrates, including insulators, semiconductors and metals, ranging from single crystals to amorphous materials. However further technological development in CVD of diamond films, particularly in such challenging areas as single-crystal growth for electronic applications and low-temperature deposition for coating on optic and plastic materials, requires a detailed understanding and effective control of the fundamental phenomena associated with diamond nucleation and growth. These phenomena, especially the nucleation and early growth stages, critically determine film properties, morphology, homogeneity, defect formation, adhesion, and the type of substrates that can be successfully coated.

This book presents an updated, systematic review of the latest developments in diamond CVD processes, with emphasis on the nucleation and early growth stages of diamond CVD. The objective of this book is to familiarize the reader with the scientific and engineering aspects of diamond CVD, and to provide experienced researchers, scientists, and engineers in academic and industry community with the latest developments in this growing field. The scope of the book encompasses the developments and applications of diamond CVD, starting with a brief description of atomic and crystal structures of diamond and review of thevarious processing techniques used. It is followed by an extensive discussion of fundamental phenomena, principles and processes involved in diamond CVD, with emphasis on the nucleation and early growth stages of diamond during CVD. Diamond nucleation mechanisms, epitaxy and oriented growth are discussed on the basis of experimental observations. The nucleation enhancement methods developed to date are summarized. The effects of surface conditions and deposition parameters on surface nucleation are described. Finally, theoretical and modeling studies on surface nucleation are reviewed.

This volume of the Lecture Notes in Mobility series contains papers written by speakers at the 22nd International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2018) "Smart Systems for Clean, Safe and Shared Road Vehicles" that was held in Berlin, Germany in September 2018. The authors report about recent breakthroughs in electric and electronic components and systems, driver assistance, vehicle automation and electrification as well as data, clouds and machine learning. Furthermore, innovation aspects and impacts of connected and automated driving are covered. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in industry and academia, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students alike.

The second edition of the "Handbook of Plasticizers" thoroughly reviews information currently available in open literature, such as published scientific papers, information from plasticizer manufacturers, and patent literature.

Plasticizers are used in so many products that every library should have this reference source of information on plasticizers readily available for its readers. This book should be used in conjunction with "Plasticizer Database," which gives information on the present status and properties of industrial and research plasticizers.

The book covers the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of plasticizers, historical and theoretical background, their effects on process conditions, and health, safety, and environmental issues.
The most comprehensive reference work available, covering the properties and applications of plasticizers.Combine scientific background with extensive data and practical engineering techniques.

Contains information from the most recent sources and updated information

Extend the life span of tubular heat exchangers with this bounty of inspection checklists and cost-containment tips. Featuring coverage of the two inspection codes used worldwide, plus techniques of plugging, ferruling, and sleeving, this guide helps you clean exchangers ... make shell-side repairs and alterations ... maintain tubesheets, bonnets, channels, and covers ... handle tube leaks ... increase reboiler capacity and repair reboiler shells ... conduct feedwater heater autopsies to prevent repetition of past design and operation errors ... and much more.

The volume presents existing and novel management approaches that are in use or have a great potential to be used to maintain the postharvest quality of fresh produce in terms of microbiological safety, nutrition, and sensory quality. In comparison to traditional synthetic chemicals, these eco-friendly molecules are equally effective with respect to slowing the physiological and biochemical changes in harvested produce. Application of terpenic compounds, phenolic compounds, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonates, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, sulphur compounds, polyamines, plant growth regulators, active carbohydrates, ozone, hexanal and nitric oxide have been proven effective in minimizing storage disorders like chilling injury, scald, fungal diseases like stem-end rot, blue mould rot, green mould rot, anthracnose, regulation of ripening and senescence, etc. This book will be a standard reference work for the management of shelf life in the fresh produce industry.

Physical Chemistry of Cheese Texture.- 1. Overview: Cheese Chemistry and Rheology.- 2. Rheology of Reduced-Fat Mozzarella Cheese.- 3. Rheology of Reduced-Fat Cheese Containing Fat Substitute.- 4. Factors Affecting the Functional Characteristics of Unmelted and Melted Mozzarella Cheese.- Chemical Origins of Cheese Flavor.- 5. Chemical Species in Cheese and Their Origin in Milk Components.- 6. Biogenesis of Flavour Compounds in Cheese.- 7. Cheddar Cheese Flavour and Chemical Indices: Changes During Maturation.- 8. Assessment of Accelerated Cheese Ripening by Reverse-Phase HPLC.- 9. Time-Temperature Effects on Microbial, Chemical, and Sensory Changes During Cooling and Aging of Cheddar Cheese.- Proteolysis during Ripening.- 10. Methods for Assessing Proteolysis During Maturation.- 11. Contribution of Milk-Clotting Enzymes and Plasmin to Cheese Ripening.- 12. Contribution of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Cheese Ripening.- 13. Maturation Profiles of Cheddar-Type Cheese Produced from High Heat Treatment Milk to Incorporate Whey Protein.- 14. Inhibition of Proteolysis in Mozzarella Cheese Prepared from Homogenized Milk.- Molecular and Ultrastructure of Cheese.- 15. Practical Aspects of Electron Microscopy in Cheese Research.- 16. Immunolocalization and Microstructure of Milk Proteins and Fat Mimetics.- 17. Microstructure Studies of Reduced Fat Cheeses Containing Fat Substitute.- 18. Influence of Casein Peptide Conformations on Textural Properties of Cheese.- 19. Electron-Density Patterns in Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheeses During Refrigerated Storage.- 20. Applications of Confocal Microscopy to Fat Globule Structure in Cheese.- Technological and Nutritional Aspects of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- 21. Technology of Manufacturing Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese.- 22. Nutritional Aspects of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- 23. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- 24. Whey Protein in Cheese - An Overview.- 25. Reduced-Fat Cheese: Regulations and Definitions.- 26. Improving the Sensory Characteristics of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- Contributors.

This book provides insights on innovative strategies to build resilient food systems in the wake of challenges posed by climate change. Providing food security to the growing population especially in developing countries without exacerbating the environment is a major challenge. Climate change is expected to reduce agricultural productivity, leading to a decline in overall food availability and significantly increasing the number of malnourished children in developing countries. Interventions for enhancing the adaptive capacity of farmers especially of small holders needs immediate impetus. The policy formulation and development programs must reorient in the wake of the new expectations and deliverables. This book comprises of sixteen chapters that discuss the trends in global agriculture development and food system. The book highlights different aspects of household food and nutritional security. The chapters covering diverse aspects address food system, rural and urban food chain, factors affecting their sustainability and short and long term solutions to make them climate resilient. Important issues having significant implications on climate change such as Waste management, Value chain, Agri-marketing, etc. are also covered. The book would be an important resource for researchers in food science, environmental sciences and agriculture. It would also be beneficial for students and future scientists working on sustainable agriculture and food security.

Tribology is usually defined as "the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion". It includes the research and application of principles of friction, wear, lubrication and design. Green tribology involves tribological aspects of environmental and biological impacts. This multidisciplinary field of science and technology is very important for the development of new products in mechanics, materials, chemistry, life sciences and by extension for all modern industry. The current volume aims to provide recent information on progress in green tribology. Chapter 1 provides information on tribological materials (an eco-sustainable perspective), while chapter 2 is dedicated to preparation and tribology performance of bio-based ceramic particles from rice waste and chapter 3 describes tribological behavior and tribochemistry of Ti3SiC2 in water and alcohols. Chapter 4 contains information on modelling and analysis of the oil-film pressure of a hydrodynamic journal bearing lubricated by nano based bio-lubricants using a D-optimal design. Finally, chapter 5 is dedicated to wear performance of oil palm seed fibre reinforced polyester composite aged in brake fluid solutions. The current volume can be used as a research book for final undergraduate in engineering courses or as a topic on green tribology at postgraduate level. This book can also serve as useful reference for academics, researchers, mechanical, materials, environmental and manufacturing engineers, professionals green tribology and related industries.