A groundbreaking analysis of how the genomic revolution is transforming American society and creating new social divisions-some along racial lines-that promise to fundamentally shape American politics for years to come. The emergence of genomic science in the last quarter century has revolutionized medicine, the justice system, and our understanding of who we are. We use genomics to determine guilt and exonerate the falsely convicted; devise new medicines; test embryos; and discover our ethnic and national roots. One might think that, given these advances, most would favor the availability of genomic tools. Yet as Jennifer Hochschild explains in Genomic Politics, the uses of genomic science are both politically charged and hotly contested. After all, genomics might result in bioterrorism, a demand for "designer babies," or a revival of racial biology. Political divisions around genomics do not follow the usual left-right ideological divides that dominate most of American politics. Through four controversial innovations resulting from genomic science-medicines for heart disease approved for use by only African-Americans, on the grounds of genetic distinctiveness; use of DNA evidence in the criminal justice system; the search for one's roots through genetic ancestry; and the use of genetic tests in prenatal exams-Hochschild reveals how the phenomenon is polarizing America in novel ways. Advocates of genomic science argue that these applications will make life better, while opponents point out the potential for misuse-from racial profiling to "selecting out" fetuses that gene tests show to have conditions like Down syndrome. Hochschild's central message is that the divide hinges on answers to two questions: How significant are genetic factors in explaining human traits and behaviors? And what is the right balance between risk acceptance and risk avoidance for a society grappling with innovations arising from genomic science? Experts differ among themselves about who should make decisions about governing genomics' uses, and Americans as a whole trust almost no one to do so. A deeply researched and original analysis of the politics surrounding one of the signal issues of our times, this is essential reading for anyone interested in how the genetics revolution is shaping society.

Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies, Volume Three: The People Side presents a selection of global case studies on different aspects of Nuclear Decommissioning. This volume focuses on the people side of nuclear decommissioning, including stakeholder impacts, public relations and workforce factors. It presents a selection of case studies on stakeholders, socioeconomics and human factors, providing readers with a guide and information to deal with common, often contentious challenges. The events covered in this publication range from change management, stakeholder motivation, involvement and leadership adequacies. Decommissioning experts, including regulators, operators, waste managers, researchers and academics will find this book to be suitable supplementary material to Michele Laraia's reference works on the theory and applications of nuclear decommissioning. Alongside the case studies books in this series, readers will obtain an understanding of stakeholder, socioeconomic and people-related case studies, what happened, and what we can learn from them.

Dilemmas of Internationalism focuses on the French labour movement as it deals with the French syndicalists' attitude towards internationalism and anti-militarism in the pre-1914 period.

Winner of the Frederick Jackson Turner Award Winner of the Isaac and Tamara Deutscher Memorial Prize Winner of the C. L. R. James Award A New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice A ProMarket Best Political Economy Book of the Year “The Next Shift is an original work of serious scholarship, but it’s also vivid and readable…Eye-opening.” —Jennifer Szalai, New York Times “A deeply upsetting book…Winant ably blends social and political history with conventional labor history to construct a remarkably comprehensive narrative with clear contemporary implications.” —Scott W. Stern, New Republic “Terrific…A useful guide to the sweeping social changes that have shaped a huge segment of the economy and created the dystopian world of contemporary service-sector work.” —Nelson Lichtenstein, The Nation Pittsburgh was once synonymous with steel, but today most of its mills are gone. Like so many places across the United States, a city that was a center of blue-collar manufacturing is now dominated by health care, which employs more Americans than any other industry. Gabriel Winant takes us inside the Rust Belt to show how America’s cities have weathered new economic realities. As steelworkers and their families grew older, they required more health care. Even as the industrial economy contracted sharply, the care economy thrived. But unlike their blue-collar predecessors, home health aides and hospital staff work unpredictable hours for low pay. Today health care workers—mostly women and people of color—are on the front lines of our most pressing crises, yet we have been slow to appreciate that they are the face of our twenty-first-century workforce. The Next Shift offers unique insights into how we got here and what could happen next.

This book presents an overview of modeling definitions and concepts, theory on human behavior and human performance data, available tools and simulation approaches, model development, and application and validation methods. It considers the data and research efforts needed to develop and incorporate functions for the different parameters into comprehensive escape and evacuation simulations, with a number of examples illustrating different aspects and approaches. After an overview of basic modeling approaches, the book discusses benefits and challenges of current techniques. The representation of evacuees is a central issue, including human behavior and the proper implementation of representational tools. Key topics include the nature and importance of the different parameters involved in ASET and RSET and the interactions between them. A review of the current literature on verification and validation methods is provided, with a set of recommended verification tests and examples of validation tests. The book concludes with future challenges: new scenarios and factors for future model developments, addresses the problem of using deterministic and/or stochastic approaches and proposes, and discusses the use of evacuation models for supporting timely decisions in real-time. Written by international experts, Evacuation Modeling Trends is designed for those involved in safety, from emergency and intervention personnel to students, engineers and researchers.

Provides an insight to safety managers in analyzing bad events and the ways to deal with them. Covers randomness, uncertainty, and predictability in detail. Explains concepts including reverse stress testing, real-time monitoring, and predictive maintenance in a comprehensive manner. Presents mathematical analysis of incidents and accidents using statistics and probabilities theories.

Almost all the major accident investigations--Texas City, Piper Alpha, the Phillips 66 explosion, Feyzin, Mexico City--show human error as the principal cause, either in design, operations, maintenance, or the management of safety. This book provides practical advice that can substantially reduce human error at all levels. In eight chapters--packed with case studies and examples of simple and advanced techniques for new and existing systems--the book challenges the assumption that human error is "unavoidable." Instead, it suggests a systems perspective. This view sees error as a consequence of a mismatch between human capabilities and demands and inappropriate organizational culture. This makes error a manageable factor and, therefore, avoidable.

During the 1980s many Japanese began to feel the pressures of ‘internationalizing.’ At the same time, Japanese-style industrial relations came to receive wide international attention. For most people ‘Japanese-style industrial relations’ came to mean the ‘three sacred treasures’: lifetime employment, seniority wages and enterprise unionism. During the 1980s many Japanese began to feel the pressures of ‘internationalizing.’ At the same time, Japanese-style industrial relations came to receive wide international attention. For most people ‘Japanese-style industrial relations’ came to mean the ‘three sacred treasures’: lifetime employment, seniority wages and enterprise unionism.

Service Not Servitude
This Anthology of Respect and the Pullman Porter's National Historic Registry is a reminder of a living legacy and a clarion call to continue what A. Philip Randolph and the Brotherhood defined as "the unfinished task of emancipation."
Lyn Hughes, the founder-director of Chicago's A. Philip Randolph Pullman Porter Museum, knows this story as well as anyone, and she reminds us with this publication, of the labor milestone that helped create the new world of Black and White America.

Lerone Bennett, Jr.
July 2007

Pullman Porters known as the "Ambassadors of Service" transformed early train travel into the Golden Age of Rail, while the Brotherhood became the foundation for Americas' first black labor union.
Anthology of Respect, with more than 3000 entries captures their real sentiments, Stories, and family remembrances that give voice to what was an often unseen and unheard force that created the Black Labor Movement in America. "The five years invested in this research was time well spent. I believe this registry will become an invaluable resource. There are numerous collections of data on these men however; I believe this is the first attempt to assemble and present data of this type in a user-friendly manner"
"Great idea and long overdue "
Paula Robinson
Illinois Advisor National Board Of Advisors
National Trust For Historic Preservation
"This is a wonderful collection that speaks poignantly and passionately about the lives and the legacy of the Pullman Porters. A group of men who fought discrimination by unionization, whose exploits will be better remembered because of this publication."
Lonnie Bunch, Director
National Museum of African American History and Culture

"This important anthology and registry pays tribute to a group of African American men who 'hid behind the mask' but were important contributors to their communities, their families and generations who followed them."
Dr. Spencer Crew President
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center

This is a holistic presentation of methods and problems involved in humanizing work. The comments will be of interest to practitioners dealing with work, and should give realism to debates concerned with alienation in the workplace. The theory is described, and the American system is compared with those in place in Western Europe and Japan. This work should be of interest to scholars, students and practitioners in industrial relations, labor problems, organizational behavior, and human resources in general.

Trade unions in Europe are currently facing a series of challenges that stem from changes to regulatory and production regimes implemented by the state and employers, in order to compete in an increasingly internationalized economy. In response to these challenges, trade union movements have been dramatically restructuring; long-standing principles of organization have been jettisoned in an attempt to develop new structures. Central to this process of structural adaptation are the mergers of trade unions. This informative book focuses on the merger process in Britain and Germany and, uniquely, it reviews the wider implications of these developments - particularly for North America. As well as addressing the reasons for mergers, the book also examines the process whereby mergers are concluded, investigates the consequences, and analyses the costs and benefits of the post-merger organisation. Drawing on interviews conducted with senior policy-makers engaged in merger processes, this book explores the extent of internal union reform brought about by the merger process, and also identifies the implications of this reform for trade unions world-wide. Structured in distinct sections, this book covers topic such as: what distinguishes the British and German systems? trade union structures pre-merger issues settling the terms of the mergers post-merger developments. This book forms part of the Routledge Research in Employment Relations series featuring works of high academic merit drawn from a wide range of academic studies in the social sciences. It is a valuable resource for postgraduate students studying business and management, industrial employee relations, and trade unions.

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) for Pesticide Regulatory Purposes stems from the experience of the EC funded project DEMETRA. This project combined institutes involved in the regulatory process of pesticides, industries of the sector and scientists to develop and offer original software for the prediction of ecotoxicity of pesticides. Then to be used within the dossier preparation for pesticide registration. The basis of this book is more than three-years of research activities, discussions, studies and successful models. This experience represents a useful example not only for the case of pesticides, but also for the prediction of ecotoxicity and toxicity in general.
QSAR is used to link a given property of a chemical compound with some features related to its structure. The theoretical toxicological, chemical and information technology aspects will be treated considering the regulatory issues. Innovative hybrid systems will be described, for the toxicity prediction of pesticides and related compounds, directly useful for pesticide evaluation within the Dossier preparation for pesticide registration. Five endpoints will also be discussed, addressing issues as standardisation, verification, validation, accessibility, reproducibility.
The driving force for Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) for Pesticide Regulatory Purposes is that all the issues of concern for end-users are analysed, discussed and solutions proposed further. An innovative feature is that, in order to offer powerful QSAR models, the book discusses and reports on integrated QSAR models, combined into a unique hybrid system.
* Assesses the needs of regulators for pesticide approval and how these needs affect QSAR models
* Combines theoretical discussion with practical examples, including five worked examples of hybrid systems
* Refers to original software available through the internet

The Necessity of Organization describes Mary Kenney O'Sullivan's struggle to improve labor conditions through trade unionism. Appointed the first woman organizer for the American Federation of Labor in 1892, she went on to be a co-founder of the Women's Trade Union League, formed in 1903 as a cross-class alliance of women workers and their middle- and upper-class allies. The possibilities and limits of trade unionism for women, given the class and gender constraints of the period, are the focus of this book.

The physical and mental health of an employee influences attendance and quality of work. Indifferent health and lack of a sense of well-being affects both the individual and the efficiency of the organization. This book is designed to give general and specific guidance to non-medical personnel involved with the health of employees in offices and similar surroundings. It examines factors at work which influence health and explains how to deal correctly with personal situations without causing unnecessary distress.;Medical terminology is restricted to providing understanding of terms commonly used by doctors in communications.;The "Industrial Relations in Practice" series is intended for personnel managers, union negotiators, employees, welfare advisors and lawyers, with an emphasis on current practice in leading British organizations. Aimed at both sides of industry, it features topics of concern to the work-force of today and those responsible for its management.

From Chinese factories making cheap toys for export, to sweatshops in Bangladesh where name-brand garments are sewn - studies on the impact of globalization on workers have tended to focus on the worst jobs and the worst conditions. But in When Good Jobs Go Bad, Jeffrey Rothstein looks at the impact of globalization on a major industry - the North American auto industry - to reveal that globalization has had a deleterious effect on even the most valued of blue-collar jobs. Rothstein argues that the consolidation of the Mexican and U.S.-Canadian auto industries, the expanding number of foreign automakers in North America, and the spread of lean production have all undermined organized labor and harmed workers. Focusing on three General Motors plants assembling SUVs - an older plant in Janesville, Wisconsin; a newer and more viable plant in Arlington, Texas; and a ""greenfield site"" (a brand-new, state-of-the-art facility) in Silao, Mexico - When Good Jobs Go Bad shows how global competition has made nonstop, monotonous, standardized routines crucial for the survival of a plant, and it explains why workers and their local unions struggle to resist. For instance, in the United States, General Motors forced workers to accept intensified labor by threatening to close plants, which led local unions to adopt ""keep the plant open"" as their main goal. At its new factory in Silao, GM had hand-picked the union - one opposed to strikes and committed to labor-management cooperation - before it hired the first worker. Rothstein's engaging comparative analysis, which incorporates the viewpoints of workers, union officials, and management, sheds new light on labor's loss of bargaining power in recent decades, and highlights the negative impact of globalization on all jobs, both good and bad, from the sweatshop to the assembly line.

In the context of the evolution of affirmative action at the national and state levels, this study offers an empirical account of the citizens' movement in California that successfully resulted in the passage of a constitutional amendment to abolish such preferences in public education, public employment, and public contracting. It describes how the concept of affirmative action was transmuted into quotas and set-asides even in those situations where there was no credible evidence of past discrimination. This process was aided by Presidential Executive Orders as well as by some Supreme Court decisions which, until the late 1980s, failed to provide clear parameters of compensatory versus preferential actions. The California movement arose to reassert the original vision of equality as contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Raza, Anderson, and Custred, who have studied the historical development of the phenomenon and have witnessed its actual operation, lift the curtain of secrecy that surrounds such preferences.

This book challenges the notion that affirmative action is a benign and temporary measure that simply provides a helping hand to those who are disadvantaged. There is ample evidence of the institutionalization of preferences that generally provide advantages to those who could otherwise compete on their own merits. Such unfair competitive advantages, provided by government agencies and public educational institutions have neither moral nor political majority support; however, they continue to exist through pressure of political interest groups, liberal political ideology, and entrenched bureaucrats who administer the system. Quite contrary to some people's thinking, the system of preferences may no longer be considered either permanent or necessary.

The twentieth century has seen a remarkable evolution in environmental health and environmental protection concerns and concepts in the United States. Human Health and the Environment: A Turn of the Century Perspective is intended to be a commentary, suitable for a wide audience, on the broad aspects of the relationship between human health and the environment at the turn of the century. Although written from the perspective of a technically advanced society, Human Health and the Environment: A Turn of the Century Perspective addresses the different environments, and human health problems arising from these environments, in third-world and emerging societies. The book is divided into several sections, including a general introduction and discussion of epidemiological approaches, community pollution problems (air, water, solid waste, radiation), specialized environments (residential, occupational and institutional), consumer products and the food supply, and integrated pest management. It closes with a chapter related to predictions for the 21st century. The approach of Human Health and the Environment: A Turn of the Century Perspective is to examine environmental threats to human health from the perspective of sources and pathways, as well as to examine the scope of human health effects and environmental interventions, including engineering and technical, educational and legislative elements.

People want more from the government. One thing they want more of is a sense of personal safety, at home and at work (Regulation, Fall 1991). People also want the government to quit wasting money. The objective of having the government provide a safer life for us and our children at minimum cost leads logically to looking at policy within the system involving the private sector plus governments at the federal and sub federal levels. Using numerical simulations our book takes an integrated quantitative look at how the various institutions influencing workplace safety lead to the observed levels of illnesses and injuries among U.S. workers. Our innovation is piecing together the mosaic of interactions among workers, employers, state government, and the federal government that is numerically realistic in the sense of using economists' current knowl edge of quantitative connections. Our objective has been to write a Gray's Anatomy, if you will, of how the U.S. economic system, as tempered by government policy, jointly determines employment patterns, wages, and workplace safety levels."

In this new work, political theorist Michael J. Thompson argues that modern societies are witnessing a decline in one of the core building blocks of modernity: the autonomous self. Far from being an illusion of the Enlightenment, Thompson contends that the individual is a defining feature of the project to build a modern democratic culture and polity. One of the central reasons for its demise in recent decades has been the emergence of what he calls the "cybernetic society," a cohesive totalization of the social logics of the institutional spheres of economy, culture and polity. These logics have been progressively defined by the imperatives of economic growth and technical-administrative management of labor and consumption, routinizing patterns of life, practices, and consciousness throughout the culture. Evolving out of the neoliberal transformation of economy and society since the 1980s, the cybernetic society has transformed how that the individual is articulated in contemporary society. Thompson examines the various pathologies of the self and consciousness that result from this form of socialization—such as hyper-reification, alienated moral cognition, false consciousness, and the withered ego—in new ways to demonstrate the extent of deformation of modern selfhood. Only with a more robust, more socially embedded concept of autonomy as critical agency can we begin to reconstruct the principles of democratic individuality and community.

Designed specifically for labor management advocates and their clients in the public sector, this book is a comprehensive yet practical guide to the arbitration of grievances in public employment. The authors, both experienced arbitrators themselves, offer step-by-step advice on the preparation and presentation of arbitration cases and provide a detailed description of effective grievance resolution through the effective use of the grievance procedure. Written in a style accessible to those without substantial academic training in labor relations law, the volume's purpose is to equip the practitioner to represent his or her respective constituents effectively in the private system of industrial jurisprudence. Although it focuses particularly on grievance administration and arbitration in state and local government, the concepts and techniques presented are equally appropriate for those working in the federal or private sectors.

Following an introduction, the authors review various state bargaining statutes governing the arbitration of grievance disputes and look at the grievance process as a prelude to arbitration. They go on to examine the institution of arbitration, focusing primarily upon the administrative agencies, the arbitrators, and the legal environment within which labor relations advocates must work. Subsequent chapters treat procedural and evidential issues common to arbitration, the arbitration of discharge and disciplinary matters, contract interpretation issues, and the decision making of neutrals and what can or cannot reasonably be expected of arbitrators. In their conclusion, the authors make the case for rights arbitration as the preferred method of dispute resolution. Five appendices contain information critical for the practitioner not normally available in a single source: the Code of Professional Responsibility for Arbitrators of Labor-Management Disputes; the Rules of the American Arbitration Association and the Procedures of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service; and sample arbitration awards issued in real-life cases.

The Midwest experienced an upheaval over labor rights beginning in the winter of 2011. For most commentators, the fallout in the Midwest and unions' weak showing in the 2016 presidential election a few years later was just more evidence of labor's emaciated state. In Heartland Blues, Marc Dixon provides a new perspective on union decline by revisiting the labor movement at its historical peak in the late 1950s. Drawing on social movement theories and archival materials, he analyzes campaigns over key labor policies as they were waged in the heavily unionized states of Indiana, Ohio and Wisconsin-the very same states at the center of more recent battles over labor rights. He shows how many of the key ingredients necessary for less powerful groups to succeed, including effective organization and influential political allies, were not a given for labor at the time, but instead varied in important ways across the industrial heartland. Thus, the labor movement's social and political isolation and their limited responses to employer mobilization became a death knell in the ensuing decades, as unions sought organizational and legislative remedies to industrial decline and the rising anti-union tide. Showing how labor rights have been challenged in significant ways in the industrial Midwest in the 1950s, Heartland Blues both identifies enduring problems for labor and forces scholars to look beyond size when seeking clues to labor's failures and successes.

Severe Accidents in Nuclear Reactors: Corium Retention Technologies and Insights presents an authoritative and practical analysis of the latest severe accident management strategies based on previous events and experiments. Written for utilities and industries operating and researching nuclear cooled reactor power plants, this book presents the exponential growth in research since major nuclear accidents and acts as a guide to retaining molten corium, both inside and outside the reactor vessel. Sections cover the physics behind several complex phenomena occurring during corium coolability, providing the reader with an in-depth understanding by presenting the insights obtained from simulated severe accidents. In addition, the book validates several severe accident codes and provides evidence on the termination of severe accident progressions to help the reader evaluate the safety of existing reactors and design the next generation of nuclear reactors.

This book is a leadership guide to the effective implementation of the ISO 45001:2018 standard. It takes the high-level leadership and top management principles put forward in ISO 45001 and develops them into a comprehensive discourse on how, at the very top of any organization, large or small, leaders can drive the occupational health and safety (OH&S) agenda and ensure the effective implementation of the OH&S management systems. While the standard sets out expectations for top management, this book provides a clear explanation of the OH&S roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities between those who direct the organization and drive it towards achieving its strategic aims and those who lead the day-to-day operations. It puts forward a purposeful, easy-to-follow, and effective system for the implementation of ISO 45001 whilst also, and more importantly, maximizing the value proposition of such a global standard, regardless of industry. The book is written for top management teams of both non-executive and executive leadership, as well as senior advisors, in all organizations seeking to effectively implement OH&S policies and management systems. It can also be utilized to create training and learning materials to assist with implementation.

Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional provides safety managers with a guide for incorporating fire hazard awareness and protection into their safety management plans. Industrial fires pose one of the greatest threats to organizations in terms of financial, human, and property losses. Understanding fire safety basics, the physics of fire, and the properties and classes of common hazards is key to designing fire safety management programs that not only protect an organization's assets but also ensure the safe evacuation of all involved. Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional takes an in-depth look at fire hazards in the workplace-from the substances required to do business to the building construction itself-and provides practical fire safety principles that can be applied in any work environment. Readers will learn how to develop emergency action plans and fire prevention plans, implement effective alarm and detection systems and fire extinguishment systems, and develop a comprehensive fire program management plan that is in compliance with Federal Emergency Management Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and National Fire Protection Association standards. Each chapter includes a chapter summary and sample problems, making this an ideal training tool in the workplace or the classroom. Answers to chapter questions and a comprehensive glossary and index are provided at the end of the book.