This volume analyzes the Serial podcast, situating it in the trajectory of other popular crime narratives and contemporary cultural theory. Contributors focus on topics such as the ethics of the use of fiction techniques in investigative journalism, the epistemological overlay of postmodern indeterminacy, and the audience's prolific activity in social media, examining the competing narrative strategies of the narrators, characters, and the audience. Other topics considered include the multiplication of narratives and the longing for closure, how our minds work as we experience true crime narratives, and what critical race theory can teach us about the program's strategies.

The interaction between emotion and cognition is a fundamental issue which has only recently been reintroduced as a legitimate object of study in experimental psychology. This book examines the significant impact that affective processes have on reasoning, and demonstrates how emotional reasoning cannot simply be equated with faulty reasoning. Emotion and Reasoning presents contributions from leading researchers from a variety of disciplines, including experimental cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuropsychology, and experimental psychopathology. The opening chapters consider how emotions affect reasoning processes in individuals living with psychopathology. A second section focuses upon experimental investigations of emotion and basic reasoning processes, and a final section explores the physiological bases of emotion-reasoning interaction. Together, the chapters in this volume provide a multidisciplinary overview of key topics on emotion and reasoning, and a survey of recent research in this area. Emotion and Reasoning will be of great interest to advanced students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, and affective neuroscience.

Thought and Knowledge applies theory and research from the learning sciences to teach students the critical thinking skills that they need to succeed in today's world. The text identifies, defines, discusses, and deconstructs contemporary challenges to critical thinking, from fake news, alternative facts, and deep fakes, to misinformation, disinformation, post-truth, and more. It guides students through the explosion of content on the internet and social media and enables them to become careful and critical evaluators as well as consumers. The text is grounded in psychological science, especially the cognitive sciences, and brought to life through humorous and engaging language and numerous practical and real-world examples and anecdotes. This edition has been streamlined with thoughtful consideration over what content to keep, what to cut, and how much new and current research to add. Critical thinking skills are presented in every chapter, empowering students to learn more efficiently, research more productively, and present logical, critical, and informed arguments. The skills are reviewed at the end of the chapter, and a complete list of skills with definitions and examples are included in the appendix. The text is supported by a companion website that features a robust set of instructor and student resources: www.routledge.com/cw/halpern. Thought and Knowledge can be used as a core text in critical thinking courses offered in departments of psychology, philosophy, English, or across the humanities and social sciences, or as a supplement in any course where critical thinking is emphasized.

The only textbook to frame cognitive psychology in the context of our everyday lives. Our lives are governed by cognitive processes, whether we are searching for a face in a crowd, driving to work, or learning a second language. Cognition in the Real World brings together expert contributors who explain the processes underlying everyday behaviours. It is set apart from traditional textbooks by being organised by behaviours we are exposed to every day-such as drawing a picture, learning your way around a new city, or deciding how to invest your money. Such activities naturally involve a variety of cognitive functions; by considering these functions in an integrated way, the text provides a complete picture of how behaviours work together, rather than separately. Drawing upon important insights from areas such as developmental psychology and neuroscience, Cognition in the Real World demonstrates how cognitive psychology fits with the broader subjects around it, rather than treating it as an independent topic. With a strong foundation in cognitive theory, framed by an original and engaging real-world approach, the text makes the topics of cognition come alive.

Choice Recommended Read Psychological research into human intelligence and abilities presents us with a number of difficult questions: Are human abilities explained by a single core intelligence or by multiple intelligences? How should abilities be assessed? With tests unlike the problems which people normally have to solve, or with practical problems closer to those encountered in life, school and work? Do ability tests predict how a person will behave? If so, can they predict whether a person will succeed at school and at work? Intelligence and Human Abilities critically evaluates research evidence from the past 100 years to consider these and other issues. It shows that, despite the apparent contradictions in this research, the evidence in fact supports one coherent model, a fact which has clear implications for researchers, educators and test-users. This clear and engaging text provides an up-to-date evaluation of what the empirical evidence tells us about the number, nature and origins of human abilities. It will be essential reading for students and practitioners of psychology and education, and also for users of ability tests such as applied psychologists and personnel managers.

Behavioral Economics is a burgeoning field that studies the effects of social, cognitive, and emotional factors on the economic decisions of individuals and institutions, and the consequences for financial markets, resource allocation, and individuals' own financial security. The field's primary concern is the bounds of rationality of economic agents. Behavioral models typically integrate insights from psychology with neo-classical economic theory, and, in so doing, cover a range of concepts, methods, and fields. Behavioral analysts are not only concerned with the effects of market decisions but also with public choice, which describes another source of economic decisions with related biases towards promoting self-interest. This volume covers the current research of behavioral economics and neuroeconomics with a broad perspective, and an accessible and engaging writing style that may be used as a text on upper-level courses. Coverage includes the cognitive and social psychology of decision making that is particularly relevant to the field of behavioral economics, as well as the neurological bases for the cognitive principles and the applications in a variety of domains.The book begins by covering foundational principles of behavioral economics and decision-making, and then reviews the insights that neuroscience gives into these principles and the biological basis for decision-making and neuroeconomics. The final section covers applications of these principles in a variety of domains, beginning with individual financial decisions, and expanding to the impact of group interactions, and, finally, public policy applications. The contributors are all senior researchers in the field, including past presidents of the Society for Judgment and Decision-Making.

The intersection between the fields of behavioral decision research and neuroscience has proved to be fertile ground for interdisciplinary research. Whereas the former is rich in formalized models of choice, the latter is rife with techniques for testing behavioral models at the brain level. As a result, there has been the rapid emergence of progressively more sophisticated biological models of choice, geared toward the development of ever more complete mechanistic models of behavior. This volume provides a coherent framework for distilling some of the key themes that have emerged as a function of this research program, and highlights what we have learned about judgment and decision making as a result. Although topics that are theoretically relevant to judgment and decision making researchers are addressed, the book also ventures somewhat beyond the traditional boundaries of this area to tackle themes that would of interest to a greater community of scholars. Neuroscience of Decision Making provides contemporary and essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and economics.

Behavioral Economics is a burgeoning field that studies the effects of social, cognitive, and emotional factors on the economic decisions of individuals and institutions, and the consequences for financial markets, resource allocation, and individuals' own financial security. The field's primary concern is the bounds of rationality of economic agents. Behavioral models typically integrate insights from psychology with neo-classical economic theory, and, in so doing, cover a range of concepts, methods, and fields. Behavioral analysts are not only concerned with the effects of market decisions but also with public choice, which describes another source of economic decisions with related biases towards promoting self-interest. This volume covers the current research of behavioral economics and neuroeconomics with a broad perspective, and an accessible and engaging writing style that may be used as a text on upper-level courses. Coverage includes the cognitive and social psychology of decision making that is particularly relevant to the field of behavioral economics, as well as the neurological bases for the cognitive principles and the applications in a variety of domains.The book begins by covering foundational principles of behavioral economics and decision-making, and then reviews the insights that neuroscience gives into these principles and the biological basis for decision-making and neuroeconomics. The final section covers applications of these principles in a variety of domains, beginning with individual financial decisions, and expanding to the impact of group interactions, and, finally, public policy applications. The contributors are all senior researchers in the field, including past presidents of the Society for Judgment and Decision-Making.

Why does intelligence continue to fascinate us? Is there only one kind of intelligence, or are there multiple intelligences? Is intelligence innate or is it malleable? Where is the study of intelligence heading?

Intelligence has been among the most controversial constructs in all of the social sciences, from its origin as a concept a thousand years ago by such thinkers as Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato to the present. The answer to the question "What is intelligence?" has tremendous implications for how we view the relationships between mind, education, and society. Is intelligence one general trait or a host of multifaceted abilities? Are racial and socioeconomic differences in intelligence evidence of nature or nurture? Are all intelligent people also creative? Are we getting smarter as a species? Do our beliefs about our own intelligence matter?

This book provides a highly accessible introduction to the many facets of human intelligence, with careful presentation of the wide range of theories and perspectives, past and present, regarding this complex subject. Written by a team of renowned scholars, it discusses the long history of the study of intelligence, which in many ways parallels the founding and growth of psychology itself. It will be an ideal text for students of intellectual assessment, learning and education, and psychological testing and measurement. "The Psych 101 Series"

Short, reader-friendly introductions to cutting-edge topics in psychology. With key concepts, controversial topics, and fascinating accounts of up-to-the-minute research, "The Psych 101 Series" is a valuable resource for all students of psychology and anyone interested in the field.

Arguing Well is a lucid introduction to the nature of good reasoning, how to test and construct successful arguments. It assumes no prior knowledge of logic or philosophy. The book includes an introduction to basic symbolic logic. Arguing Well introduces and explains: * The nature and importance of arguments * What to look for in deciding whether arguments succeed or fail * How to construct good arguments * How to make it more certain that we reason when we should The book is ideal for any student embarking on academic study where presenting arguments are what matters most; in fact, for all people who want to understand the nature and importance of good reasoning and awaken their ability to argue well.

This popular book shows students how to increase their power to analyze problems and comprehend what they read using the Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving [TAPPS] method. First it outlines and illustrates the method that good problem solvers use in attacking complex ideas. Then it provides practice in applying this method to a variety of comprehension and reasoning questions, presented in easy-to-follow steps. As students work through the book they will see a steady improvement in their analytical thinking skills and become smarter, more effective, and more confident problem solvers. Not only can using the TAPPS method assist students in achieving higher scores on tests commonly used for college and job selection, it teaches that problem solving can be fun and social, and that intelligence can be taught. Changes in the Seventh Edition: New chapter on "open-ended" problem solving that includes inductive and deductive reasoning; extended recommendations to teachers, parents, and tutors about how to use TAPPS instructionally; Companion Website with PowerPoint slides, reading lists with links, and additional problems.

Since the time of Turing, computer scientists have dreamed of building artificial general intelligence (AGI) - a system that can think, learn and act as humans do. Over recent years, the remarkable pace of progress in machine learning research has reawakened discussions about AGI. But what would a generally intelligent agent be able to do? What algorithms, architectures, or cognitive functions would it need? To answer these questions, we turn to the study of natural intelligence. Humans (and many other animals) have evolved precisely the sorts of generality of function that AI researchers see as the defining hallmark of intelligence. The fields of cognitive science and neuroscience have provided us with a language for describing the ingredients of natural intelligence in terms of computational mechanisms and cognitive functions and studied their implementation in neural circuits. Natural General Intelligence describes the algorithms and architectures that are driving progress in AI research in this language, by comparing current AI systems and biological brains side by side. In doing so, it addresses deep conceptual issues concerning how perceptual, memory and control systems work, and discusses the language in which we think and the structure of our knowledge. It also grapples with longstanding controversies about the nature of intelligence, and whether AI researchers should look to biology for inspiration. Ultimately, Summerfield aims to provide a bridge between the theories of those who study biological brains and the practice of those who are seeking to build artificial brains.

Aptitude tests assess a person's abilities or intelligence, often as part of an IQ test, whilst personality questionnaires help to reveal an individual's characteristics or personality traits. Both are of equal value to employers as they can indicate a candidate's suitability to a particular position. IQ and Personality Tests contains hundreds of practice questions from both these vital areas of assessment. The personality questions look at attitudes and values, often in an entertaining way, whilst the aptitude questions are organised into two IQ tests which assess verbal, numerical, logical and spatial reasoning skills. They are typical of the type and style of question candidates are likely to encounter in actual IQ tests. Answers and a simple analysis of scores are also given, so that readers can assess their performance. Whilst providing entertainment, the questions in IQ and Personality Tests are also a great source of practice material for those faced with the real tests.

Is it possible to construct an artificial person? Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have for decades been developing computer programs that emulate human intelligence. This book goes beyond intelligence and describes how close we are to recreating many of the other capacities that make us human. These abilities include learning, creativity, consciousness, and emotion. The attempt to understand and engineer these abilities constitutes the new interdisciplinary field of artificial psychology, which is characterized by contributions from philosophy, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and robotics. This work is intended for use as a main or supplementary introductory textbook for a course in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, or the philosophy of mind. It examines human abilities as operating requirements that an artificial person must have and analyzes them from a multidisciplinary approach. The book is comprehensive in scope, covering traditional topics like perception, memory, and problem solving. However, it also describes recent advances in the study of free will, ethical behavior, affective architectures, social robots, and hybrid human-machine societies.

Drawing upon research originally cited in Ken Manktelow's highly successful publication Reasoning and Thinking, this completely rewritten textbook reflects on the revolutionary changes that have occurred in the field in recent years, stemming from the huge expansion in research output, as well as new methods and explanations, and the appearance of numerous books on the subject aimed at the popular market. The area of psychological research reviewed in this book is one that is not only increasing in popularity in college curricula, but is also making an ever larger impact on the world outside the classroom. The main areas covered are probability judgment, deductive and inductive reasoning, decision making, hypothetical thinking and rationality. In each case, the material is almost entirely new, with topics such as the new paradigm in reasoning research, causal reasoning and counterfactual thinking appearing for the first time. The book also presents an extended treatment of decision making research, and contains a chapter on individual and cultural influences on thinking. Thinking and Reasoning provides a detailed, integrated and approachable treatment of this area of cognitive psychology, and is ideal reading for intermediate and advanced undergraduate students; indeed, for anyone interested in how we draw conclusions and make choices.

Development of Dyslexia and Other SpLDs is the fourth book in the series Living Confidently with Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs). This book is about the persistence of dyslexia and specific learning difficulties (SpLD) into adulthood. It pulls together experiences of many dyslexic/SpLD people. The book is written with non-linear readers in mind: those who need to move about a book picking up ideas that are currently relevant to them; a style that suits many dyslexic/SpLD readers. The book gives a framework for understanding the wide-ranging experiences of dyslexic/SpLD adults. With the greater understanding, there should be better help for: * adults who still have no strategies for dealing with dyslexic/ SpLD problems * children who have some skills but not at the level of their overall intelligence * young children who show the first signs of difficulties * dyslexic/SpLD children in mainstream schools. A new paradigm is proposed whereby all teaching programmes utilise each learner's learning strengths - catering for dyslexic and SpLD adults and children involves vital teaching and learning approaches that are good practice for all.

The 'Flynn effect' is a surprising finding, identified by James R. Flynn, that IQ test scores have significantly increased from one generation to the next over the past century. Flynn now brings us an exciting new book which aims to make sense of this rise in IQ scores and considers what this tells us about our intelligence, our minds and society. Are We Getting Smarter? features fascinating new material on a variety of topics including the effects of intelligence in the developing world; the impact of rising IQ scores on the death penalty, cognitive ability in old age and the language abilities of youth culture; as well as controversial topics of race and gender. He ends with the message that assessing IQ goes astray if society is ignored. As IQ scores continue to rise into the twenty-first century, particularly in the developing world, the 'Flynn effect' marches on.

This book is the first international handbook of intelligence ever published. It is intended to prove a truly international perspective on the nature of intelligence. It covers intelligence theory, research, and practice from all over the globe. Areas covered include Great Britain, Australia, French-speaking countries, German-speaking countries, Spanish-speaking countries, India, Japan, Israel, Turkey, and China. Each author is an internationally recognized expert in the field of intelligence. Authors represent not just their own viewpoint, but rather, the full variety of viewpoints indigenous to the area about which they write. Each chapter deals with, for its area, definitions and theories of intelligence, history of research, current research, assessment techniques, and comparison across geographical areas. An integrative final chapter synthesizes the diverse international viewpoints.

This book analyzes a series of decisions by leaders of three major terrorist organizations and identifies a unique "Decision DNA" for each of them. The authors use the Applied Decision Analysis methodology to examine organizational and operational decisions made by the leaders of three major groups: Hezbollah (Hassan Nasrallah), Hamas (Khaled Mashal), and al-Qaeda (Osama bin Laden). Decisions that were of critical importance to each organization are identified and anaylzed, to uncover the particular decision rule employed by the leader in question and to establish their "Decision DNA." A Decision DNA is unique to each leader and can be used to explain previous decisions or predict future choices. The authors demonstrate that the findings presented can be used to promote effective counterterrorism measures, and they provide a series of policy implications that arise from their examination of each leader. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorist studies, political violence, security studies, and Middle Eastern politics.

The 21st Century Cold War is a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the pattern of Russian interference in the internal affairs of other nations, suggesting that what in the Cold War was a simple conflict of East vs. West has expanded into a conflict between Russia and two increasingly separate Wests. The book begins with an examination of the structure of the Cold War and post-Cold War world, and subsequently explores Russian interference by overt, grey, and covert means including, but not limited to, cyberespionage, "fake news", and the use of what in the Cold War would have been called front groups and agents of influence. The approach encompasses both historic and contemporary themes, with the question of whether the Cold War between East and West-capitalism and communism-is a thing of the past, or does it continue today in new ideological guises, as a central theme. Expert contributors explore what the motivations and implications for the pattern of Russian interference in the political processes of other states would be, and what new coalitions of actors are taking shape both for and against Russian activities. With a series of historical and contemporary case studies, focusing on the origins and contemporary dimensions of Russian information warfare, and exploring the issues involved from every perspective, The 21st Century Cold War will be of great interest to scholars of Security and Strategic Studies, International Relations, and Cold War History, as well as policy makers and security professionals. The chapters were originally published as a special issue of Terrorism and Political Violence.

The first international handbook to bring the areas of reasoning, judgment and decision making together, now in paperback format. The book brings three of the important topics of thinking together - reasoning, judgment and decision making aACAACA" and discusses key issues in each area. The studies described range from those that are purely laboratory based to those that involve experts making real world judgments, in areas such as medical and legal decision making and political and economic forecasting.* International collection of original chapters by leading researchers in the field* Several chapters contain important new theoretical perspectives* Paperback version is more affordable for individual researchers

Intelligence - what it is and how it can be measured - is something that has exercised psychologists, educationalists, biologists and philosophers for hundreds of years. For many philosophers of education, justification of the most dominant theory - that intelligence has innately determined upper limits - appears inadequate.
In "Intelligence, Destiny and Education," John White passes the baton from philosophy to history as he traces some of the social and historical influences on modern ideas about human capabilities. He focuses on the influence that he believes puritan ideas and assumptions have had on the psychological conceptions of intelligence as innate. Drawing on the work of Galton, Pearson, Burt, Goddard, Terman, and others, in his search for the truth about intelligence testing, he looks at the personal histories and social religious assumptions and backgrounds of these key psychologists.
John White's concern is that in these test-orientated times a system of intelligence testing based on the eugenicists' theory of intelligence could lead to an educational caste system in which the task of education gives way to the doctrine of predestination. This fascinating book will appeal to all those involved in education.

What exactly does it mean to be intelligent? Does intelligence manifest itself in one way or in different ways in children? Do children fit any preconceived notions of intelligence? Some theories assert a general (g) factor for intelligence that is universal and enters all mental abilities; other theories state that there are many separate domains or faculties (Fs) of intelligence; and still others argue that the g and Fs of intelligence coexist in a hierarchical relation. The Architecture of the Child Mind: g, Fs, and the Hierarchical Model of Intelligence argues for the third option in young children. Through state-of-the-art methodologies in an intensive research program conducted with 4-year-old children, Bornstein and Putnick show that the structure of intelligence in the preschool child is best construed as a hierarchically organized combination of a General Intelligence factor (g) and multiple domain-specific faculties (Fs). The Architecture of the Child Mind offers a review of the history of intelligence theories and testing, and a comprehensive and original research effort on the nature and structure of intelligence in young children before they enter school. Its focus on intelligence will appeal to cognitive, developmental, and social psychologists as well as researchers and scholars in education, particularly those specializing in early childhood education.

Written by the foremost experts in human intelligence. It not only includes traditional topics, such as the nature, measurement, and development of intelligence, but also contemporary research into intelligence and video games, collective intelligence, emotional intelligence, and leadership intelligence. In an area of study that has been fraught with ideological differences, this Handbook provides scientifically balanced and objective chapters covering a wide range of topics. It does not shy away from material that historically has been emotionally charged and sometimes covered in biased ways, such as intellectual disability, race and intelligence, culture and intelligence, and intelligence testing. The overview provided by this two-volume set leaves virtually no area of intelligence research uncovered, making it an ideal resource for undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals looking for a refresher or a summary of the new developments.

This best-selling textbook, written by award-winning educator and past president of the APA, Diane Halpern, applies theory and research from the learning sciences to teach students the thinking skills they need to succeed in today's world. This new edition retains features from earlier editions that have helped its readers become better thinkers. A rigorous academic grounding based in cognitive psychology is presented in a clear writing style with a humorous tone and supported by numerous practical examples and anecdotes.
"Thought & Knowledge, Fourth Edition" has been revised to help students meet the challenges of a global neighborhood and make meaningful conclusions form the overwhelming quantity of information now available at the click of a mouse. The skills learned with this text will help students learn more efficiently, research more productively, and present logical, informed arguments.
New features include:
*Template for Making Arguments. This is a crucial preparation tool for students in any subject area. For those planning on continuing to Graduate School, this feature is an essential reference. The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) now requires that all test takers write an argument on a contemporary topic.
*Concept Maps provide students with strategies to clarify complex information and retain long-term knowledge.
*Contemporary Examples, throughout the text, relate current events to the book discussions.
*Explanations on How to Evaluate Information found on Web sites.
*Revised Student Workbook. "Thinking Critically About Critical Thinking, Fourth Edition" is filled with new exercises to reinforce learning and practice newly acquired skills. This workbook can be purchased in a student package with the text or as a separate item.
"Thought & Knowledge, Fourth Edition" is appropriate for use as a textbook in critical thinking courses offered in departments of psychology, philosophy, English, humanities, or as a supplement in any course where critical thinking is emphasized.