Critical Materials takes a case-study approach, describing materials supply-chain failures from the bronze age to present day. It looks at why these failures occurred, what the consequences were, and how they were resolved. It identifies key lessons to guide responses to current and anticipated materials shortages at a time when the world's growing middle class is creating unprecedented demand for manufactured products and the increasingly exotic materials that go into them. This book serves as a guide to materials researchers and industrial end-users for finding effective approaches to shortages of specialty materials. The lessons in the book are also appropriate to those who use materials and for those involved in manufacturing supply-chain management and industrial design.

Conducting polymers were discovered in 1970s in Japan. Since this discovery, there has been a steady flow of new ideas, new understanding, new conducing polymer (organics) structures and devices with enhanced performance. Several breakthroughs have been made in the design and fabrication technology of the organic devices. Almost all properties, mechanical, electrical, and optical, are important in organics. This book describes the recent advances in these organic materials and devices.

Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery: From Concept to Applications discusses the current challenges of oral drug delivery, broadly revising the different physicochemical barriers faced by nanotechnolgy-based oral drug delivery systems, and highlighting the challenges of improving intestinal permeability and drug absorption. Oral delivery is the most widely used form of drug administration due to ease of ingestion, cost effectiveness, and versatility, by allowing for the accommodation of different types of drugs, having the highest patient compliance. In this book, a comprehensive overview of the most promising and up-to-date engineered and surface functionalized drug carrier systems, as well as opportunities for the development of novel and robust delivery platforms for oral drug administration are discussed. The relevance of controlling the physicochemical properties of the developed particle formulations, from size and shape to drug release profile are broadly reviewed. Advances in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios are discussed, focusing on the possibilities to study the biological-material interface. The industrial perspective on the production of nanotechnology-based oral drug delivery systems is also covered. Nanotechnology for Oral Drug Delivery: From Concept to Applications is essential reading for researchers, professors, advanced students and industry professionals working in the development, manufacturing and/or commercialization of nanotechnology-based systems for oral drug delivery, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, materials science and biomaterials, in vitro and in vivo testing of potential oral drug delivery technologies.

Based on "The Virtual Conference on Chemistry and its Applications (VCCA-2020) - Research and Innovations in Chemical Sciences: Paving the Way Forward" held in August 2020 and organized by the Computational Chemistry Group of the University of Mauritius. The chapters reflect a wide range of fundamental and applied research in the chemical sciences and interdisciplinary subjects.

This book will provide a comprehensive overview on the green approach to the research and industrialization of plastic materials. An effort will be made to offer to the reader a critical perspective concerning both oil-based plastics and novel bio-based and waste-derived polymer formulations. A special focus on bio-innovation in the area of organic materials will also be delivered.

This volume discusses the role of MOFs in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials and are promising adsorbents with facile modifications, high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and tailored surface properties. Pharmaceutical pollution is an issue of concern due to its effects on environment. Recently, researchers have designed MOFs for use in remediation.

This book includes selected, peer-reviewed contributions from the 2018 International Conference on "Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications", PHENMA 2018, held in Busan, South Korea, 9-11 August 2018. Focusing on manufacturing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of modern materials with special properties, it covers a broad spectrum of nanomaterials and structures, ferroelectrics and ferromagnetics, and other advanced materials and composites. The authors discuss approaches and methods in nanotechnology; newly developed, environmentally friendly piezoelectric techniques; and physical and mechanical studies of the microstructural and other properties of materials. Further, the book presents a range of original theoretical, experimental and computational methods and their application in the solution of various technological, mechanical and physical problems. Moreover, it highlights modern devices demonstrating high accuracy, longevity and the ability to operate over wide temperature and pressure ranges or in aggressive media. The developed devices show improved characteristics due to the use of advanced materials and composites, opening new horizons in the investigation of a variety of physical and mechanical processes and phenomena.

Melt Electrospinning: A Green Method to Produce Superfine Fibers introduces the latest results from a leading research group in this area, exploring the structure, equipment polymer properties and spinning conditions of melt electrospinning. Sections introduce the invention of melt electrospinning, including the independent development of centrifugal melt electrospinning and upward melt electrospinning, discuss electro magnetization of melt and the testing method of fiber performance by means of different polymers and self-designed devices, cover simulation, and introduce principle methods and improvement measures of centrifugal melt electrospinning.

The book covers specific and selective reagents for the determination of iron and copper by spectrophotometry. It provides methods for each group or class of reagents, including conditions, wavelength and interferences of other ions in samples. It is a unique guide for researchers in analytical chemistry from pharmaceutical to environmental monitoring laboratories working on iron and copper based products.

This volume collects the edited and reviewed contributions presented in the 8th iTi Conference on Turbulence, held in Bertinoro, Italy, in September 2018. In keeping with the spirit of the conference, the book was produced afterwards, so that the authors had the opportunity to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the event. The respective contributions, which address both fundamental and applied aspects of turbulence, have been structured according to the following main topics: I TheoryII Wall-bounded flowsIII Simulations and modellingIV ExperimentsV Miscellaneous topicsVI Wind energy

The combined finite-discrete element method is gaining increasing importance in engineering programmes and is at the forefront of current efforts in computational modelling of the failure of solids. The method has significant applications in petroleum and mining engineering, rock blasting, demolition (collapsing buildings), blast loads, powder technology and many more areas. It is therefore vital that engineers understand the method and know how to work with it.

Featuring the latest developments of this dynamic field, Munjizas comprehensive treatment provides detailed descriptions of all algorithmic aspects of the combined finite-discrete element method.

Special features include: Coverage of all algorithmic aspects of the combine finite-discrete element method. Describes all algorithms procedures in detail accompanied by C based implementations. Source codes and examples of input and output files, made available on the internet to accompany the applications at www.wileyeurope.com/go/FiniteDiscreteElementMethod

"The Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method" is an excellent reference for mechanical and civil engineers working with and involved in developing finite-discrete element programmes. This book also provides support to postgraduate students, computer programmers, scientists and researchers who wish to increase their knowledge of the finite-discrete element method.