This book summarizes the available information in six known areas of reactive separation: reaction/distillation, reaction/extraction, reaction/absorption, reaction/adsorption, reaction/membrane, and reaction/crystallization.

This book presents a comprehensive review, evaluation, and summary of the dependence of mechanical properties on grain and particle parameters of monolithic ceramics and ceramic composites. Emphasizing the critical link between fabrication and ceramic performance, the book covers the grain dependence of monolithic properties and the dependence of ceramic, composite properties on grain and particulate parameters. It includes theoretical and conceptual background, pertinent models, experimental results, a data review, discussion, and a summary or recommendations. Illustrations feature microstructural details while graphs plot data on material hardness, compressive strength, and other pivotal variables.

This book provides an overview of the chemical and physical concepts of instability and incompatibility of petroleum and liquid fuels. It helps the petroleum refinery personnel to handle liquid fuels from other sources as feedstocks for the refinery system.

This book presents the descriptions of individual treatments and resulting improvements in the strength of polycrystalline ceramics and oxide single crystals. It provides information on potential applications, limitations of the treatments, design considerations, and costs.

Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems: Phase Morphology and Interfaces focuses on the formation of phase morphology in polymer blends and copolymers and considers various types of blends including thermosets, thermoplastics, thermoplastic vulcanizates, and structured copolymers. The book carefully debates the processing, rheology, and crystallization aspects of the phase morphology of polymer blends. The text surveys theory, characterization, processing, and experimental aspects of phase morphology development and design of polymer blends. It examines the adhesion of polymer-polymer interfaces in immiscible polymer blends and the different ways by which nanostructures may be generated in thermosetting polymers. The book analyzes the polymerization process and the dynamic vulcanization of multicomponent polymer blends and the crystallization behavior occurring in blends with a confined morphology. It also discusses the structure-rheology relationship in compatibilized blends, the effects of elasticity on the structure development, and the rheological response in concentrated blends. Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems examines the current state of the art, challenges, and future prospects in the field of polymer blends. The handpicked selection of topics and expert contributors makes this survey of phase morphology in polymer blends an outstanding resource for anyone involved in the field of polymer materials design.

Practical production of ordinary and special, high performance concretes and their behaviour and properties when fresh are the main themes of this book. It derives from the International RILEM Conference held in Paisley, Scotland in June 1996, and represents the culmination of the work of two RILEM Technical Committees (145 WSM Workability of Special Mixes, and 150 ECM Efficiency of Concrete Mixers). Very significant advances have been made recently in the development of concrete with outstanding properties. Such advances in research must be matched by progress in the technology of concrete production. This book focuses on production methods and on workability and handling, two fundamental and closely linked stages of the concrete construction process. It has a strongly practical emphasis, with many contributions showing how to build effectively using the many high performance concretes which have progressed from research into construction in recent years. The main themes covered are: production mixers and mixing processes; production methods; sprayed and very dry precasting mixes; fibre reinforced concrete; flowing and superfluid mixes; rheology; test methods; mix design and models; special cements and concretes.

The process of spraying concrete is one of the most versatile concrete placing techniques, and is used in a wide range of applications - from construction of new tunnels, domes, tanks and pools, to repair and strengthening of existing structure. The steady growth in interest and application in the technique is reflected in this book, which brings together current international developments in materials, application, repair, specifications and testing. Sprayed Concrete Technology forms the proceedings of the International Conference organised by the American Concrete Institute and the Sprayed Concrete Association in Edinburgh, Scotland, September 1996.

This book offers a collection of original peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 9th International Congress on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems (CMSM'2021), held on December 20-22, 2021, in Hammamet, Tunisia. It reports on research findings, advanced methods and industrial applications relating to mechanical systems, materials and structures, and machining. It covers vibration analysis, CFD modeling and simulation, intelligent monitoring and control, including applications related to industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing. Continuing on the tradition of the previous editions, and with a good balance of theory and practice, the book offers a timely snapshot, and a useful resource for both researchers and professionals in the field of design and modeling of mechanical systems.

This book is based on the Fifth International Conference that was held on 16-21 August, 1992 in Melbourne, Australia, in conjunction with AUSTCERAM 92. It demonstrates that the field of Zirconia ceramics remains one of scientific challenge and technical attraction.

Restraint and intrinsic stresses in concrete at early ages are vitally important for concrete structures which must remain free of water-permeable cracks, such as water-retaining structures, tunnel linings, locks and dams. The development of hydration heat, stiffness and strength, also the degree of restraint and, especially for high-strength concrete, non-thermal effects, are decisive for sensitivity to cracking. Determining thses stresses in the laboratory and in construction components has led to a clearer understanding of how they develop and how to optimize mix design, temperature and curing conditions. New testing equipment has enabled the effects of all the important parameters to be qualified and more reliable models for predictiong restraint stresses to be developed. Thermal Cracking in Conrete at Early Ages contains 56 contributions by leading international specialists presented at the RILEM Symposium held in October 1994 at the Technical University of Munich. It will be valuable for construction and site engineers, concrete technologists and scientists.

Increasingly viewed as the future of medicine, the field of tissue engineering is still in its infancy. As evidenced in both the scientific and popular press, there exists considerable excitement surrounding the strategy of regenerative medicine. To achieve its highest potential, a series of technological advances must be made. Putting the numerous breakthroughs made in this field into a broad context, Tissue Engineering disseminates current thinking on the development of engineered tissues. Divided into three sections, the book covers the fundamentals of tissue engineering, enabling technologies, and tissue engineering applications. It examines the properties of stem cells, primary cells, growth factors, and extracellular matrix as well as their impact on the development of tissue engineered devices. Contributions focus on those strategies typically incorporated into tissue engineered devices or utilized in their development, including scaffolds, nanocomposites, bioreactors, drug delivery systems, and gene therapy techniques. Finally, the book presents synthetic tissues and organs that are currently under development for regenerative medicine applications. The ability to engineer biocompatible tissue is the hallmark of modern biomedical engineering, integrating all aspects of every sub-discipline in the field. Featuring chapters drawn from the third edition of the best-selling Handbook of Biomedical Engineering as well as new contributions not found in the handbook, Tissue Engineering surveys the latest advances in this relatively young area. The contributing authors are a diverse group with backgrounds in academia, clinical medicine, and industry. Furthermore, the text includes contributions from Europe, Asia, and North America, helping to broaden the views on the development and application of tissue engineered devices.

Originally published in 1934 this book became recognised as one of the principal standard works on industrial design and industrial architecture. The chapters explain the complete operation, character and background history of industrial art, its relation to architecture, materials, industrial production and retail distribution. It is fully illustrated with line drawings and photographs.

This book is part of the series "Mathematics and Physics Applied to Science and Technology." It combines rigorous mathematics with general physical principles to model practical engineering systems with a detailed derivation and interpretation of results. The book presents the mathematical theory of partial differential equations and methods of solution satisfying initial and boundary conditions. It includes applications to acoustic, elastic, water, electromagnetic and other waves, to the diffusion of heat, mass and electricity, and to their interactions. The author covers simultaneously rigorous mathematics, general physical principles and engineering applications with practical interest. The book provides interpretation of results with the help of illustrations throughout and discusses similar phenomena, such as the diffusion of heat, electricity and mass. The book is intended for graduate students and engineers working with mathematical models and can be applied to problems in mechanical, aerospace, electrical and other branches of engineering.

This edited volume offers complete coverage of the latest theoretical, experimental, and computer-based data as summarized by leading international researchers. It promotes full understanding of the physical phenomena and mechanisms at work in surface and interfacial tensions and gradients, their direct impact on interface shape and movement, and their significance to numerous applications. Assessing methods for the accurate measurement of surface tension, interfacial tension, and contact angles, Surface and Interfacial Tension presents modern simulations of complex interfacial motions, such as bubble motion in liquids, and authoritatively illuminates bubble nucleation and detachment.

The design of bridges across rivers and streams is a major component of many civil engineering projects. The size of waterways must be kept reasonably small for reasons of economy and yet be large enough to allow floods to pass. Bridge Hydraulics is the first book to consider both arched and rectangular waterway openings in detail and to describe all of the main methods of analysis. With clear examples and relevant case studies, using both laboratory models and full- size bridges in the field, it is not only a thorough and accessible introduction to bridge hydraulics, but also a guide that will enable engineers to produce authoritative analyses and more effective designs.

Drawing from the third edition of the bestselling Powder Technology Handbook, this book concentrates on handling methods and unit operations for powder and particle processing techniques. Itexamines the purpose and factors involved in each process-including planning, equipment, measurements, and other necessary considerations. This book carefully incorporates the progressive work and vision of new authors while retaining the concepts that continue to promote innovative research and applications. In addition to detailing the purpose and implementation of processes including kneading, drying, filtration, and powder coating, the authors highlight recent developments in combustion and heating, electrostatic powder coating, and simulation. They also emphasize practical information including multipurpose equipment, instrumentation for key measurements, and modeling techniques. The text concludes with a review of recent data on the health effects of small particles and the types of protective devices that are currently available. Powder Technology: Handling and Operations, Process Instrumentation, and Working Hazards offers material scientists and chemical engineers a well-rounded guide to utilizing particle and powder processes for a rapidly expanding array of applications.

Metal Cutting Mechanics outlines the fundamentals of metal cutting analysis, reducing the extent of empirical approaches to the problems as well as bridging the gap between design and manufacture. The author distinguishes his work from other works through these aspects: considering the system engineering of the cutting process identifying the singularity of the cutting process among other closely related manufacturing processes by chip formation, caused by bending and shear stresses in the deformation zone suggesting a distinctive way toward predictability of the metal cutting process devoting special attention to experimental methodology Metal Cutting Mechanics provides an exceptional balance between general reading and research analysis, presenting industrial and academic requirements in terms of basic scientific factors as well as application potential.

The study and application of electronic materials has created an increasing demand for sophisticated and reliable techniques for examining and characterizing these materials. This comprehensive book looks at the area of x-ray diffraction and the modern techniques available for deployment in research, development, and production. It provides the theoretical and practical background for applying these techniques in scientific and industrial materials characterization. The main aim of the book is to map the theoretical and practical background necessary to the study of single crystal materials by means of high-resolution x-ray diffraction and topography. It combines mathematical formalisms with graphical explanations and hands-on practical advice for interpreting data.

Despite the importance of pressure vessels and the high interest of mechanical and chemical engineers, there are very few books on the subject, and none that adequately address ASME and other international code issues. Pressure Vessels: Design and Practice fills that gap. With emphasis on the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, the BS 5500 (British Standard), it examines the design of pressure vessel components with explanations that clearly communicate the inherent design principles and philosophy. Chapters cover stress, shells, covers and flanges, and vessel supports and provide reviews of fatigue and fracture mechanics, structural stability, and limit analysis.

Although the use of composites has increased in many industrial, commercial, medical, and defense applications, there is a lack of technical literature that examines composites in conjunction with concrete construction. Fulfilling the need for a comprehensive, explicit guide, Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites presents specific information necessary for designing concrete structures with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites as a substitute for steel reinforcement and for using FRP fabrics to strengthen concrete members. In a reader-friendly, design-oriented manner, this book discusses the analysis, design, durability, and serviceability of concrete members reinforced with FRP. The authors first introduce the elements that constitute composites-the structural constituent and matrix-and discuss how composites are manufactured. Following an examination of the durability of FRP composites that contain fibers, such as glass, carbon, or aramid, the book illustrates how FRP external reinforcement systems (FRP-ER) can be used for enhancing the strength and stiffness of concrete structures using theory and design principles. The concluding chapter concentrates on serviceability aspects of concrete members internally reinforced with FRP. An excellent resource of design and construction practices, Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites is a state-of-the-art reference on concrete members reinforced with FRP.

Derived from the fourth edition of the well-known Plastics Technology Handbook, Industrial Polymers, Specialty Polymers, and Their Applications covers a wide range of general and special types of polymers, along with a wealth of information about their applications. The book first focuses on commonly used industrial polymers, including polypropylenes, low- and high-density polyethylenes, and poly(vinyl chloride), as well as less widely used polymer types, such as acrylics, ether polymers, cellulosics, sulfide polymers, silicones, polysulfones, polyether ether ketones, and polybenzimidazoles. It then explores polymer derivatives and polymeric combinations that play special and often critical roles in diverse fields of human activities. The polymers covered include liquid crystal, electroactive, ionic, and shape memory polymers; hydrogels; and nanocomposites. The volume concludes with a comprehensive overview of new developments in the use of polymers in a variety of areas.

Introduction to Thermal and Fluid Engineering combines coverage of basic thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer for a one- or two-term course for a variety of engineering majors. The book covers fundamental concepts, definitions, and models in the context of engineering examples and case studies. It carefully explains the methods used to evaluate changes in equilibrium, mass, energy, and other measurable properties, most notably temperature. It then also discusses techniques used to assess the effects of those changes on large, multi-component systems in areas ranging from mechanical, civil, and environmental engineering to electrical and computer technologies. Includes a motivational student study guide on downloadable resources to promote successful evaluation of energy systems This material helps readers optimize problem solving using practices to determine equilibrium limits and entropy, as well as track energy forms and rates of progress for processes in both closed and open thermodynamic systems. Presenting a variety of system examples, tables, and charts to reinforce understanding, the book includes coverage of: How automobile and aircraft engines work Construction of steam power plants and refrigeration systems Gas and vapor power processes and systems Application of fluid statics, buoyancy, and stability, and the flow of fluids in pipes and machinery Heat transfer and thermal control of electronic components Keeping sight of the difference between system synthesis and analysis, this book contains numerous design problems. It would be useful for an intensive course geared toward readers who know basic physics and mathematics through ordinary different

Drawing from the third edition of the bestselling Powder Technology Handbook, this book is focused solely on analyzing the fundamental properties and behavior of particles and particle beds. Powder Technology: Fundamentals of Particles, Powder Beds, and Particle Generation concentrates on the most useful analytical methods of observation, measurement, modeling, and prediction. This volume carefully incorporates the progressive work and vision of new authors while retaining the concepts that continue to promote innovative research and applications. The authors highlight new information and developments from areas including surface properties and analysis, particle motion in fluids, mechanical properties of a powder bed, and the design and formation of composite particles. They explain how particles deposit, coagulate, and settle in various media, explore different techniques for generating particles in different states, and detail methods of surface modification. Particularly useful for scientists studying nanoparticle applications, Powder Technology: Fundamentals of Particles, Powder Beds, and Particle Generation incorporates the latest developments in areas including surface properties and analysis, particle motion in fluids, mechanical properties of a powder bed, and the design and formation of composite particles.

The development of parallel synthesis and high-throughput characterization tools offer scientists a time-efficient and cost-effective solution for accelerating traditional synthesis processes and developing the structure-property relationships of multiple materials under variable conditions. Written by renowned contributors to the field, Combinatorial and High-Throughput Discovery and Optimization of Catalysts and Materials documents the impact of combinatorial methods for inorganic, organic, polymeric, and biological materials applications over the last several years. This valuable reference describes techniques for the preparation, formulation, fabrication, optimization, performance testing, and evaluation of catalysts, polymeric materials arrays, sensing materials, fuel cell battery and memory materials, semiconductor nanoclusters, dielectrics, OLED arrays, additives, organic coatings, luminescent materials, and phosphors. The book introduces some of the latest features in the development of combinatorial and high throughput workflows, including new library designs, the scale-up of combinatorially discovered materials, and innovative methods of data storage, data mining and informatics. It also points to active research in the development of intelligent software for data mining including multiparameter modeling and visualization. As combinatorial materials science becomes increasingly applicable to a growing number of materials and problems, Combinatorial and High-Throughput Discovery and Optimization of Catalysts and Materials provides an essential portrait of the success, challenges, and opportunities in this field for the next generation of combinatorial chemists, material scientists, and industrial chemists and academics.

The demands of production, such as thin films in microelectronics, rely on consideration of factors influencing the interaction of dissimilar materials that make contact with their surfaces. Bond formation between surface layers of dissimilar condensed solids-termed adhesion-depends on the nature of the contacting bodies. Thus, it is necessary to determine the characteristics of adhesion interaction of different materials from both applied and fundamental perspectives of surface phenomena. Given the difficulty in obtaining reliable experimental values of the adhesion strength of coatings, the theoretical approach to determining adhesion characteristics becomes more important. Surface Physics: Theoretical Models and Experimental Methods presents straightforward and efficient approaches and methods developed by the authors that enable the calculation of surface and adhesion characteristics for a wide range of materials: metals, alloys, semiconductors, and complex compounds. The authors compare results from the proposed theories-developed within the framework of the electron density functional theory and dielectric formalism-to experimental data. The book begins with a discussion of the thermodynamics of surface phenomena and covers experimental and theoretical methods for studying surface characteristics of solids. Chapters describe calculations of surface and adhesion characteristics of metals using the density functional method. They also examine the calculation of adhesion characteristics of metals, semiconductors, and complex compounds based on dielectric formalism. In addition, the text covers dry friction, adsorption of metal atoms, and ferromagnetic films. The principles and methods presented in this book are useful in selecting optimum materials and coatings for various applications, including minimizing friction for increased efficiency of microelectronic components.