This book covers the basics of the hydrodynamics and vibration of structures subjected to environmental loads. It describes the interaction of hydrodynamics with the associated vibration of structures, giving simple explanations. Emphasis is placed on the applications of the theory to practical problems. Several case studies are provided to show how the theory outlined in the book is applied in the design of structures. Background material needed for understanding fluid-induced vibrations of structures is given to make the book reasonably self-sufficient. Examples are taken mainly from the novel structures that are of interest today, including ocean and offshore structures and components.Besides being a text for undergraduates, this book can serve as a handy reference for design engineers and consultants involved in the design of structures subjected to dynamics and vibration.

Fibre Science and Technology is one of six titles in a coherent and definitive series of volumes dedicated to advanced composite materials research, development and usage in the former Soviet Union. Much of the information presented has been classified until recently. Thus each volume provides a unique insight into hitherto unknown research and development data. This volume deals with the basic components of a composite material, namely the reinforcement and the encasing matrix material. Beginning with a specification of a range of reinforcing fibres (glass, carbon, organic, inorganic, ceramic), the book then considers in detail the development of such fibres and the significant range of properties achieved. An extensive test methodology used to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of each type of fibre matrix combination is presented, and the production method employed for each constituent part is described. This book will be of interest to anyone involved in research or development in composite materials science and technology, both in industry and universities.

Advanced High Strength Natural Fibre Composites in Construction provides the basic framework and knowledge required for the efficient and sustainable use of natural fiber composites as a structural and building material, along with information on the ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of use and competitiveness of these composites. Areas of particular interest include understanding the nature and behavior of raw materials and their functional contributions to the advanced architectures of high strength composites (Part 1), discussing both traditional and novel manufacturing technologies for various advanced natural fiber construction materials (Part 2), examining the parameters and performance of the composites (Part 3), and finally commenting on the associated codes, standards, and sustainable development of advanced high strength natural fiber composites for construction. This exposition will be based on well understood environmental science as it applies to construction (Part 4). The book is aimed at academics, research scholars, and engineers, and will serve as a most valuable text or reference book that challenges undergraduate and postgraduate students to think beyond standard practices when designing and creating novel construction materials.

Our rationale for the second edition remains the same as for the first edition, which appeared over twenty years ago. This is to offer simplified, useful and easily understood methods for dealing with the creep of components operating under conditions met in practice. When the first edition was written, we could not claim that the methods which were introduced were well-tried. They were somewhat conjectural, although firmly based, but not sufficiently well devel oped. Since that time, the Reference Stress Methods (RSM) introduced in the book have received much scrutiny and development. The best recognition we could have of the original methods is the fact that they are now firmly embedded in codes of practice. Hopefully, we have now gone a long way towards achieving our original objectives. There are major additions to this second edition which should help to justify our claims. These include further clarification regarding Reference Stress Methods in Chapter 4. There are also new topics which depend on RSM in varying degrees: * Creep fracture is covered in Chapter 7, where methods for assessing creep crack initiation and crack growth are fully described. This chapter starts with a review of the basic concepts of fracture mechanics and follows with useful, approximate methods, compatible with the needs of design for creep and the availability of standard data. * Creep/fatigue interactions and environmental effects appear in Chapter 8.

This is an introduction to molecular and atomistic modeling techniques applied to fracture and deformation of solids, focusing on a variety of brittle, ductile, geometrically confined and biological materials. The overview includes computational methods and techniques operating at the atomic scale, and describes how these techniques can be used to model cracks and other deformation mechanisms. The book aims to make new molecular modeling techniques available to a wider community.

Significant progress has occurred during the last few years in device technologies and these are surveyed in this new volume. Included are Si/(Si-Ge) heterojunctions for high-speed integrated circuits, Schottky-barrier arrays in Si and Si-Ge alloys for infrared imaging, III-V quantum-well detector structures operated in the heterodyne mode for high-data-rate communications, and III-V heterostructures and quantum-wells for infrared emissions.

Everyone involved with the mechanics of composite materials and structures must have come across the works of Dr. N.J. Pagano in their research. His research papers are among the most referenced of all existing literature in the field of mechanics of composite materials. This monograph makes available, in one volume, all Dr. Pagano's major technical papers. Most of the papers included in this volume have been published in the open literature, but there are a few exceptions -- a few key, unpublished reports have been included for continuity. The topics are: some basic studies of anisotropic behavior, exact solutions for elastic response, role of micromechanics, and some carbon--carbon spinoffs. The volume can be used as a reference book by researchers in academia, industry, and government laboratories, and it can be used as a reference text for a graduate course on the mechanics of composite materials.

Composite materials are increasingly used in many applications because they offer the engineer a range of advantages over traditional materials. They are often used in situations where a specified level of performance is required, but where the cost of testing the materials under the extremes of those specifications is very high. In order to solve this problem, engineers are turning to computer Modelling to evaluate the materials under the range of conditions they are likely to encounter. Many of these analyses are carried out in isolation, and yet the evaluation of a range of composites can be carried out using the same basic principles. In this new book the editor has brought together an international panel of authors, each of whom is working on the analysis and Modelling of composite materials. The overage of the book is deliberately wide; to illustrate that similar principles and methods can be used to model and evaluate a wide range of materials. It is also hoped that, by bringing together this range of topics, the insight gained in the study of one composite can be recognized and utilized in the study of others. Professional engineers involved in the specification and testing of composite material structures will find this book an invaluable resource in the course of their work. It will also be of interest to those industrial and academic engineers involved in the design, development, manufacture and applications of composite materials.

Future energy technologies must embrace and achieve sustainability by displacing fossil carbon-intensive energy consumption or capture/reuse/sequester fossil carbon. This book provides a deeper knowledge on individual low (and zero) carbon technologies in a comprehensive way, covering details of recent developments on these technologies in different countries. It also covers materials and processes involved in energy generation, transmission, distribution, storage, policies, and so forth, including solar electrical; thermal systems; energy from biomass and biofuels; energy transmission, distribution, and storage; and buildings using energy-efficient lighting.

This book is for a general scientific and engineering audience as a guide to current ideas, methods, and models for stochastic modeling of microstructures.

It is a reference for professionals in material modeling, mechanical engineering, materials science, chemical, civil, environmental engineering and applied mathematics.

This IUTAM Symposium was the first international conference on asymptotic methods for turbulent shear flows. It was the aim of this Symposium to bring together the experts and research workers to discuss recent work in this field. There was general consensus among the participants of the Symposium, that the asymptotic methods provide powerful tool for turbulence modelling, which ought to be used more intensively in practice in addition to the numerical meth- ods. This was the Scientific Committee: K. Gersten (Germany, Chairman) A. Kluwick (Austria) J. - P. Guiraud (France) F. T. Smith (United Kingdom) V. V. Sychev (Russia) S. Kida (Japan) H. K. Moffat (United Kingdom) J. D. A. Walker (USA) We are very thankful that the Symposium was sponsored by the following organizations: * International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics * Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn * Gesellschaft der Freunde der Ruhr-Universitiit, Bochum * Institut fur Energie-, System-, Material- und Umwelttechnik e. V. , Bochum * Ruhrgas AG, Essen * Dresdner Bank, Bochum * Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht * Vieweg-Verlag, Wiesbaden We thank in particular the Rektor of the Ruhr University, Professor M. Bormann, who was host of the Symposium and made possible that the Symposium could take place on the campus. The following persons, who helped in organizing the Symposium and made sure that everything was working smoothly and efficiently during the Symposium, de- serve our special thanks: Bernard Rocklage, Gerta Marliani, Petra Berkner and Th.

Electro-optic devices based on doped wide-band materials are present in industrial uses, in military applications and in everyday life. Whether one engages in laser surgery with a neodymium-Y AG laser or one communicates overseas using optical fibers, the development of these materials is both scientifically and commercially of great interest. Much of the most innovative work has been done in the last 15 years in this area. A minor revolution in optical fiber communications has occurred with the development of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Solid-state laser development shifted into high-gear with the theoretical and experimental study of doubly-doped garnet lasers. Recent developments on semiconductor laser arrays are making diode pumped solid-state lasers commercially feasible. The purpose of this book is to detail these developments and to point out that many of the same underlying physical processes control advances in several diverse applications. For example, the basic science of energy transfer will be discussed by Zharikov et al. and Rotman for energy transfer and dopant-defect interactions, respectively; it will also be crucial in understanding cerium-doped scintilla tors, neodymium-chromium lasers, and up-conversion fiber lasers. As another example, phonon-induced non-radiative relaxation will appear in every chapter in this book."

Thematerialsusedinmanufacturingtheaerospace, aircraft, automobile, andnuclear parts have inherent aws that may grow under uctuating load environments during the operational phase of the structural hardware. The design philosophy, material selection, analysis approach, testing, quality control, inspection, and manufacturing are key elements that can contribute to failure prevention and assure a trouble-free structure. To have a robust structure, it must be designed to withstand the envir- mental load throughout its service life, even when the structure has pre-existing aws or when a part of the structure has already failed. If the design philosophy of the structure is based on the fail-safe requirements, or multiple load path design, partial failure of a structural component due to crack propagation is localized and safely contained or arrested. For that reason, proper inspection technique must be scheduled for reusable parts to detect the amount and rate of crack growth, and the possible need for repairing or replacement of the part. An example of a fail-sa- designed structure with crack-arrest feature, common to all aircraft structural parts, is the skin-stiffened design con guration. However, in other cases, the design p- losophy has safe-life or single load path feature, where analysts must demonstrate that parts have adequate life during their service operation and the possibility of catastrophic failure is remote. For example, all pressurized vessels that have single load path feature are classi ed as high-risk parts. During their service operation, these tanks may develop cracks, which will grow gradually in a stable mann

Nonlinearity and stochastic structural dynamics is of common interest to engineers and applied scientists belonging to many disciplines. Recent research in this area has been concentrated on the response and stability of nonlinear mechanical and structural systems subjected to random escitation. Simultaneously the focus of research has also been directed towards understanding intrinsic nonlinear phenomena like bifurcation and chaos in deterministic systems. These problems demand a high degree of sophistication in the analytical and numerical approaches. At the same time they arise from considerations of nonlinear system response to turbulence, earthquacke, wind, wave and guidancy excitations. The topic thus attracts votaries of both analytical rigour and practical applications. This books gives important and latest developments in the field presenting in a coherent fashion the research findings of leading international groups working in the area of nonlinear random vibration and chaos.

Contents:
1. Applied Digital Signal Processing. 2. Numerical Methods in Acoustics. 3. Source Identification and Location. 4. Modelling of Sound Propagation in the Ocean. 5. Environmental Noise Management. 6. Vehicle Noise. 7. Aircraft Compressor and Airframe Noise. 8. Active Noise Control. 9. Mobility and Impedance Methods in Structural Dynamics. 10. Finite Elements for Structural Vibration Analysis. 11. High Frequency Structural Vibration. 12. Vibration Control. 13. Optical Vibration Measurement Techniques.

Hybrid Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Laminated Composites presents the development of the partial hybrid finite element method for the stress analysis of laminated composite structures. The authors believe that the partial hybrid finite element method is more efficient than the displacement-based finite element method for the stress analysis of laminated composites. Since there is a great need for accurate and efficient calculation of interlaminar stresses for designs using composites, the partial hybrid finite method does provide one possible solution. Hybrid Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Laminated Composites is the culmination of the work of three generations of PhD students in the Concordia Center for Composites. Particular points of interest include: a new ISO function method and classification of stress modes which allow the systematic determination of stress polynomials how the hybrid finite elements and global/local approach allow the stress analysis of laminated composites to be five times more efficient than the displacement finite element method a detailed description of three different types of hybrid finite elements for laminated composites. Hybrid Finite Element Method for Stress Analysis of Laminated Composites will be of interest to researchers and designers of laminated composites as well as finite element method students and programmers of finite element codes.

Advances in Heat Transfer is designed to fill the information gap between the regularly scheduled journals and university level textbooks, allowing for in-depth review articles on a broader scope than is allowable in either journals or texts.
Key Features
* Reviews recent work on melt lubrication at the interface between two solid parts, one of which is at its melting point
* Employs variational principle with vanishing parameter in the study of linear and nonlinear transient heat conduction through bodies of finite length
* Reviews heat transfer in porous media and its rapidly growing body of literature
* Emphasizes recent developments in handling complex geometry, treating wide flow speed variations, yielding accurate solutions, and producing results efficiently as illustrated throughout with many examples
* Discusses unsteady convective situations which are generated in response to the time-dependent boundary conditions on the surface walls of a container, and its practical industrial applications

Nineteen cutting-edge articles by leading practitioners review critical issues concerning biocompatible materials-polymers, metals, and other materials-used in or on the human body. Topics range from biopolymers used in controlled release drug delivery systems and synthetic burn-wound dressings to specific orthopedic devices. Each application-oriented article integrates basic science, engineering and medical experience with discussions of quality control. The contributors offer a wealth of valuable data and experience to materials scientists, research engineers, and academic physicians and surgeons. Their many examples provide rich insights into our experience today with a broad spectrum of modern biomaterials applications.

It is difficult to imagine modem technology without small particles, 1-1000 nm in size, because virtually every industry depends in some way on the use of such materials. Catalysts, printing inks, paper, dyes and pigments, many medicinal products, adsorbents, thickening agents, some adhesives, clays, and hundreds of other diverse products are based on or involve small particles in a very fundamental way. In some cases finely divided materials occur naturally or are merely a convenient form for using a material. In most cases small particles play a special role in technology because in effect they constitute a different state of matter because of the basic fact that the surface of a material is different from the interior by virtue of the unsaturated bonding interactions of the outermost layers of atoms at the surface of a solid. Whereas in a macroscale particle these differences are often insignificant, as the 9 surface area per unit mass becomes larger by a factor of as much as 10, physical and chemical effects such as adsorption become so pronounced as to make the finely divided form of the bulk material into essentially a different material usually one that has no macroscale counterpart."

A catheter used to transfer vital fluids splits during surgery.
A wheel detaches from a moving car on the highway.
A small gear tooth breaks from a chisel and flies into a mechanic's eye.

How did these accidents occur and were they preventable? Peter Lewis, Ken Reynolds, and Colin Gagg are seasoned forensic engineers who have been commissioned by insurance companies, lawyers, and private clients to investigate a variety of mechanical accidents that allegedly involved faulty equipment. The causes of these failures have varied - from manufacturing defects to user negligence to a combination of both - but their outcomes are often the same: huge financial loss, and sometimes even the immeasurable loss of life.

Case studies are the most valuable source of information for manufacturers striving to improve their products. In Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies, the authors offer stories of real accidents and thorough assessments of what went wrong. Unlike other case study presentations, they focus on not just the technical details, but also other vital aspects, including human error, turning points in the investigations, and the litigation involved. Presented in chronological order, each well-illustrated case study includes legal background, reports the case results, and highlights the lessons learned from the case.

New materials and applications appear constantly, and with them, new failure modes. Examining various materials in a range of situations, Forensic Materials Engineering: Case Studies provides an outstanding opportunity to gain virtual experience through up-to-date facts and feedback from forensic engineering practitioners.

Corrosion behaviour is one of the most poorly understood characteristics of ceramics. A balanced mixture of scientists from material science, metallurgy, physics, chemistry and mineralogy sum up the state of the art of measurement and modelling and reveal future research directions. The book reviews the theory of corrosion of ceramics, including the diffusion of gases and the predictions of thermodynamics; it discusses critically the kinetic models and representation tools for layer growths and material destruction. Corrosion of nitrides, carbides and oxides by simple and complex gases (O2, H2O, SO2, halides) and melts (ionic and metallic) reveal current measurement and modelling methods, advanced experimental techniques, such as laser diagnostics, TV holography, Raman spectroscopy and NDE surface methods. Frontier areas (e.g. the modelling of porous materials corrosion and protection) are revealed. For scientists and engineers in materials science, dealing with ceramics and their application. A valuable source for research students, solid state physicists and physical chemists.

The "Handbook of Zeolite Science and Technology" offers effective analyses ofsalient cases selected expressly for their relevance to current and prospective research. Presenting the principal theoretical and experimental underpinnings of zeolites, this international effort is at once complete and forward-looking, combining fundamental concepts with the most sophisticated data for each scientific subtopic and budding technology. Supplying over 750 figures, and 350 display equations, this impressive achievement in zeolite science observes synthesis through the lens of MFI (ZSM-5 and silicalite). Chapters progress from conceptual building blocks to complex research presentations.