Materials are the foundation of technology. As such, most universities provide engineering undergraduates with the fundamental concepts of materials science, including crystal structures, imperfections, phase diagrams, materials processing, and materials properties. Few, however, offer the practical, applications-oriented background that their students need to succeed in industry. Applied Materials Science: Applications of Engineering Materials in Structural, Electronics, Thermal, and Other Industries fills that gap. From a cross-disciplinary perspective that reflects both the multifunctionality of many materials and the wide scope industrial needs, the author examines the practical applications of metal, ceramic, polymer, cement, carbon, and composite materials across a broad range of industries. The topics addressed include electronic packaging, smart materials, thermal management, nondestructive evaluation, and materials development. The text is clear, coherent, and tutorial in style, includes numerous up-to-date references, and provides background material in a series of appendices. Unique in its breadth of coverage of both materials and their applications, Applied Materials Science is both scientifically rich and technologically relevant. If you work or teach those that aspire to work in an engineering capacity, you will find no text or reference that better prepares its readers for real-world applications of engineering materials.

In Materials Modelling: From Theory to Technology, a distinguished collection of authors has been assembled to celebrate the 60th birthday of Dr. R. Bullough, FRS and honor his contribution to the subject over the past 40 years. The volume explores subjects that have implications in a wide range of technologies, focusing on how basic research can be applied to real problems in science and engineering. Linking theory and technology, the book progresses from the theoretical background to current and future practical applications of modeling. Accessible to a diverse audience, it requires little specialist knowledge beyond a physics degree. The book is useful reading for postgraduates and researchers in condensed matter, nuclear engineering, and physical metallurgy, in addition to workers in R&D laboratories and the high technology industry.

Put a New Class of Structural Composites to Use Real Solutions for Predicting Load Initially designed as thermal barrier materials for aerospace applications and fusion reactors, functionally graded materials (FGMs) are now widely employed as structural components in extremely high-temperature environments. However, little information is commonly available that would allow engineers to predict the response of FGM plates and shells subjected to thermal and mechanical loads. Functionally Graded Materials: Nonlinear Analysis of Plates and Shells is the first book devoted to the geometrically nonlinear response of inhomogeneous isotropic and functionally graded plates and shells. Concerned that the high loads common to many structures may result in nonlinear load-deflection relationships due to large deformations, author Hui-Shen Shen has been conducting investigations since 2001, paying particular attention to the nonlinear response of these plates and shells to nonlinear bending, postbuckling and nonlinear vibration. Nearly all the solutions presented are the results of investigations conducted by the author and his collaborators. The rigor of these investigative procedures allows the results presented within these pages to stand as a benchmark against which the validity and accuracy of other numerical solutions may be measured

Cubes, triangular prisms, nano-acorn, nano-centipedes, nanoshells, nano-whiskers. . . . Now that we can create nanoparticles in a wide variety of shapes and morphologies, comes the next challenge: finding ways to organize this collection of particles into larger and more complex systems. Nanoparticle Assemblies and Superstructures, edited by pioneer of nanoparticle self-organization Nicholas A. Kotov, employs three critical questions to provide a framework of open-ended inquiry: What are the methods of organization of nanocolloids in more complex structures? What kind of structures do we need? What are the new properties appearing in nanocolloid superstructures? Pulling together a collection of contributors unmatched in both their expertise and enthusiasm, Kotov presents what he refers to as a snapshot of nanoassembly work in progress. The first section of this comprehensive volume provides background through an assessment of the current status of nanoparticle assembly development and the requirements for different applications of organized nanomaterials. The middle chapters explore the changes that occur in various properties of individual particles when they are brought together to form agglomerates and simple assemblies. In the final section, a number of top scientists describe various methods for organizing particles in complex nanostructured superstructures. These include techniques involving biological ligands and force fields, as well as methods based on self-organization. This remarkably prescient text upholds Kotov's belief that the research on organization of nanoparticles and other nanostructures, will most certainly uncover a wealth of "interesting discoveries and surprising phenomena." Nicholas A. Kotov has received several state, national, and international awards for his research on nanomaterials, including the Mendeleev Stipend, the Humboldt Fellowsh

In our present era of nanoscience and nanotechnology, new materials are poised to take center stage in dramatically improving friction and wear behavior under extreme conditions. Compiled by two eminent experts, Self-Organization During Friction: Advanced Surface-Engineered Materials and Systems Design details the latest advances and developments in self-organization phenomena, physical and chemical aspects of friction, and new methods of friction control using advanced materials and coatings. Approaching nanomaterials from the perspective of irreversible thermodynamics and self-organization, this work presents a new approach to developing an emerging generation of surface-engineered self-adaptive nanostructured materials. The book demonstrates how nanoscale structure, synergistic alloying, and the non-equilibrium state of surface-engineered layers affects the capacity of these next-generation materials to resist wear in heavily loaded tribosystems. These links become clear through discussions on non-equilibrium thermodynamics, tribological compatibility, and self-organization phenomena during friction. International experts also supply cutting-edge information on nanocrystalline and nanolaminated coatings while tracing new trends in materials science and surface engineering at the nanoscale. By combining detailed discussions on the underlying theory with practical examples of extreme tribological applications, Self-Organization During Friction outlines a forward-looking strategy for developing and implementing new surface-engineered materials that promise previously unattainable levels of tribological performance.

With the advent of polymer nanocomposites, research on polyolefin nanocomposites has grown exponentially. Correcting the deficiency of a meaningful text on these important materials, Advances in Polyolefin Nanocomposites: Sums up recent advances in nanoscale dispersion of filler in polyolefins Presents a basic introduction to polyolefin nanocomposite technology for the readers new to this field Provides insights on the use of technologies for polyolefins nanocomposites for commercial application Includes contributions from the most experienced researchers in the field Offers insights into the commercial usage of techniques The text uses theoretical models to illustrate the organic-inorganic interfaces in polyolefins and also provides a detailed description of the recently developed models for property prediction of these nanocomposites. It concentrates on developments with not only aluminosilicate fillers, but also with equally important fillers like layer double hydroxides and nanotubes. The authors review polyolefin nanocomposite technology and methodologies of generation, properties and generation of composite blends, and advances in synthesis of nanocomposites using solution blending methods. The book covers theoretical and experimental considerations of clay surface modification and the importance and effect of various prominent filler categories.

Insufficient knowledge, time limitations, and budget constraints often result in poor material selection and implementation, which can lead to uncertain performance and premature failure of mechanical and electro-mechanical products. Selection of Engineering Materials and Adhesives is a professional guide to choosing the most appropriate materials and adhesives for product development applications from the onset. This text emphasizes material properties and classifications, fabrication and processing considerations, performance objectives, and selection based on specific application requirements, such as frequency of use (duty cycle) and operating environment. Each chapter focuses on a particular material family, covering ferrous and non-ferrous metals, including steels, cast-iron, aluminum, and titanium, as well as plastics such as PVC, acrylics, and nylons. Unique to this book on material selection, the final chapter discusses critical aspects of adhesives, including cure methods and joint configurations. Selection of Engineering Materials and Adhesives presents materials that are most often used for selection processes and applications in product development. This book is an ideal text for senior level undergraduate or graduate courses in mechanical engineering and materials science as well as recent graduates or managers who are tasked with the daunting job of selecting a material for a new application or justifying a long-used material in a specific application. It embodies the author's own experience and lectures on this subject, taught at UCLA Extension, and provides students as well as practicing engineers the tools to systematically select the most appropriate materials and adhesives for their design work.

Extensively revised and thoroughly updated, this popular text de-emphasizes high level mathematics in favor of effective, accurate modeling. Real-world examples amplify the theory and show how to use derived equations to model physical problems. Exercises that parallel the examples build readers' confidence and prepare them to confront the more complex situations they encounter as professionals.

Second Edition provides up-to-the-minute discussions on the application of mass spectrometry to the biological sciences. Shows how and why experiments are performed and furnishes details to facilitate duplication of results.

This volume, Nanomaterials-Based Composites for Energy Applications: Emerging Technology and Trends, covers the importance of nanomaterials-based composites for renewable and alternative energy applications. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, it looks at using composites without losing the extraordinary strength of the nanomaterials, preparing new composites with high dielectric permittivity, improving load-carrying capacity, and more. Simulation and experimental work is included, providing a current view of the research that is going on in laboratories all over the world. The book will be a rich reference for professors and instructors, professionals, researchers, and engineering students interested in applying the emerging field of nanoscience and nanotechnology to energy applications.

Originally published in 1943, The Place of Glass in Building is a comprehensive and compact survey of the structural uses of glass in 20th Century architecture. It gives the facts about the physical properties, the possibilities and the limitations of the glass in common use. It also deals with the attributes of specialised and decorative glass and provides detailed descriptions of the principal types which were manufactured in the UK. Intended for architectural students it may also be of interest to architects, for it is a condensed survey of the progress that has been made in this structural and decorative material.

Corrosion of Polymers and Elastomers provides a detailed examination of the corrosive effects of thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and elastomeric materials. The book is perfectly suited for specialists interested in the corrosion resistance and mechanisms of these materials. Following a general introduction to the composition, properties, and applications of polymers, the book focuses on the effects of chemical corrosion caused by changes in temperature, moisture, and other corrodents. Organized by material type, the chapters cover each material's ability to withstand sun, weather, and ozone as well as its chemical resistance and typical applications. The book also includes compatibility tables for each of the materials and compares the corrosion resistance of selected elastomers.

Discusses the components of textile finishes, and the chemical and physical properties of, as well as their effects on, various fibres. The book covers fundamentals of fibre finish science, such as theories of friction; laboratory testing of formulations, from preliminary component evaluation to analyses for material characterization; and the influence of wetting, emulsification and finish distribution on coatings.

Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides: Magnetic and Hyperfine Interactions represents the sixth and final book by the late Brian Wybourne, an accomplished pioneer in the spectroscopy of rare earth ions, and Lidia Smentek, a leading theoretical physicist in the field. The book provides a definitive and up-to-date theoretical description of spectroscopic properties of lanthanides doped in various materials. The book integrates computer-assisted calculations developed since Wybourne's classic publication on the topic. It contains useful Maple (TM) routines, discussions, and new aspects of the theory of f-electron systems. Establishing a unified basis for understanding state-of-the-art applications and techniques used in the field, the book reviews fundamentals based on Wybourne's graduate lectures, which include the theory of nuclei, the theory of angular momentum, Racah algebra, and effective tensor operators. It then describes magnetic and hyperfine interactions and their impact on the energy structure and transition amplitudes of the lanthanide ions. The text culminates with a relativistic description of f f electric and magnetic dipole transitions, covering sensitized luminescence and a new parametrization scheme of f-spectra. Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides enables scientists to construct accurate and reliable theoretical models to elucidate lanthanides and their properties. This text is ideal for exploring a range of lanthanide applications including electronic data storage, lasers, superconductors, medicine, nuclear engineering, and nanomaterials.

Delineating a comprehensive theory, Advanced Vibration Analysis provides the bedrock for building a general mathematical framework for the analysis of a model of a physical system undergoing vibration. The book illustrates how the physics of a problem is used to develop a more specific framework for the analysis of that problem. The author elucidates a general theory applicable to both discrete and continuous systems and includes proofs of important results, especially proofs that are themselves instructive for a thorough understanding of the result. The book begins with a discussion of the physics of dynamic systems comprised of particles, rigid bodies, and deformable bodies and the physics and mathematics for the analysis of a system with a single-degree-of-freedom. It develops mathematical models using energy methods and presents the mathematical foundation for the framework. The author illustrates the development and analysis of linear operators used in various problems and the formulation of the differential equations governing the response of a conservative linear system in terms of self-adjoint linear operators, the inertia operator, and the stiffness operator. The author focuses on the free response of linear conservative systems and the free response of non-self-adjoint systems. He explores three method for determining the forced response and approximate methods of solution for continuous systems. The use of the mathematical foundation and the application of the physics to build a framework for the modeling and development of the response is emphasized throughout the book. The presence of the framework becomes more important as the complexity of the system increases. The text builds the foundation, formalizes it, and uses it in a consistent fashion including application to contemporary research using linear vibrations.

Industry relies on heating for a wide variety of processes involving a broad range of materials. Each process and material requires heating methods suitable to its properties and the desired outcome. Despite this, the literature lacks a general reference on design techniques for heating, especially for small- and medium-sized applications. Industrial Heating: Principles, Techniques, Materials, Applications, and Design fills this gap, presenting design information for both traditional and modern heating processes and auxiliary techniques. The author leverages more than 40 years of experience into this comprehensive, authoritative guide. The book opens with fundamental topics in steady state and transient heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and aerodynamics, emphasizing analytical concepts over mathematical rigor. A discussion of fuels, their combustion, and combustion devices follows, along with waste incineration and its associated problems. The author then examines techniques related to heating, such as vacuum technology, pyrometry, protective atmosphere, and heat exchangers as well as refractory, ceramic, and metallic materials and their advantages and disadvantages. Useful appendices round out the presentation, supplying information on underlying principles such as pressure and thermal diffusivity. Replete with illustrations, examples, and solved problems, Industrial Heating provides a much-needed treatment of all aspects of heating systems, reflecting the advances in both process and technology over the past half-century.

Ferroic materials are important, not only because of the improved understanding of condensed matter, but also because of their present and potential device applications. This book presents a unified description of ferroic materials at an introductory level, with the unifying factor being the occurrence of nondisruptive phase transitions in crystals that alter point-group symmetry. The book also aims to further systemitize the subject of ferroic materials, employing some formal, carefully worded, definitions and classification schemes. The basic physical principles leading to the wide-ranging applications of ferroic materials are also explained, while placing extra emphasis on the utilitarian role of symmetry in materials science.

This work discusses the latest innovations in the manufacture of wood adhesives, and shows how to test their composition. Methods of varying parameters to obtain particular effects are explained, and background summaries of each class of adhesives are provided.

The interaction of sound waves with the medium through which they pass can be used to investigate the thermophysical properties of that medium. With the advent of modern instrumentation, it is now possible to determine the speed and absorption of sound with extremely high precision and, through the dependence of those quantities on variables like temperature, pressure, and frequency to gain a sensitive measure of one or more properties of fluid. This has led to renewed interest in such measurements and in the extraction of thermophysical properties of gases and liquids there from. Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids describes both how to design experiments to achieve the highest possible accuracy and how to relate the quantities measured in those experiments to the thermophysical properties of the medium. A thorough theoretical examination of the alternative experimental methods available is designed to guide the experimentalist toward better and more accurate methods. This theoretical analysis is enhanced and complemented by an in-depth discussion of practical experimental techniques and the problems inherent within them. Bringing together the fields of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, fluid mechanics, and theoretical acoustics, plus a wealth of information about practical instruments, this book represents an essential reference on the design and execution of valuable experiments in fluid metrology and physical acoustics.

The role that friction and contact play in the processes of wear and planarization on material surfaces is central to the understanding of Chemical-Mechanical planarization (CMP) technology, particularly when applied to nanosurfaces. Tribology in Chemical-Mechanical Planarization presents a detailed account of the CMP process in a language that is suitable for tribology professionals as well as chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and other applied scientists and engineers in fields of semiconductors and microelectronics. The first half of the book is devoted to CMP, while the other focuses on the fundamentals of tribology. As the first source to integrate CMP and tribology, the book illustrates the important role that these fields play in manufacturing and technological development. It follows with an examination of tribological principles and their applications in CMP, including integrated circuits, basic concepts in surfaces of contacts, and common defects. Other topics covered in depth include basics of friction, flash temperature, lubrication fundamentals, basics of wear, polishing particles, and pad wear. The book concludes its focus with CMP practices, discussing mechanical aspects, pad materials, elastic modulus, and cell buckling. Expanding upon the science and technology of tribology to improve the reliability, maintenance, and wear of technical equipment and other material applications, Tribology in Chemical-Mechanical Planarization provides scientists and engineers with clear foresight to the future of this technology.

A detailed knowledge of the terminology and its background is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the professional literature in the field of materials science. This sharply focused, authoritative lexicon affords the reader a coherent idea of microstructure formation and evolution. All the term definitions are supplied with explanations and cross-references, offering a consistent picture of microstructure in metallic and non-metallic polycrystalline materials. Written by an author with over thirty years of teaching and research experience, it fills the terminological gap between the textbooks on materials science and the professional literature. Concise Dictionary of Materials Science: Structure and Characterization of Polycrystalline Materials contains more than 1400 terms commonly used in modern literature, research, and practice. Throughout the dictionary, the emphasis is on lattice defects and their role in diffusion, plastic deformation and phase transitions, as well as on the granular structure and its formation and changes in the course of phase transitions, recrystallization, and grain growth. In addition, all the entries from the dictionary are presented in the English-German/German-English Glossary, providing in one volume quick access to the key concepts and terms in both of the languages. Highlighting structure description, formation, and characterization, Concise Dictionary of Materials Science is a very useful reference for students in materials science and engineering, for researchers, engineers, and technologists in metalworking, microelectronic, and ceramic industries, as well as for readers without a technical background.

Annual cotton production exceeds 25 million metric tons and accounts for more than 40 percent of the textile fiber consumed worldwide. A key textile fiber for over 5000 years, this complex carbohydrate is also one of the leading crops to benefit from genetic engineering. Cotton Fiber Chemistry and Technology offers a modern examination of cotton chemistry and physics, classification, production, and applications. The book incorporates new insight, technological developments, and other considerations. The book focuses on providing the most up-to-date information on cotton fiber chemistry and properties. Written by leading authorities in cotton chemistry and science, the book details fiber biosynthesis, structure, chemical composition and reactions, physical properties and includes information on biotech, organic, and colored cotton. The final chapters examine worldwide production, consumption, markets, and trends in the cotton industry. They also address environmental, workplace, and consumer risks from exposure to processing chemicals and emissions. Tracing the conversion of cotton fibers from raw materials into marketable products, Cotton Fiber Chemistry and Technology offers a complete overview of the science, technology, and economic factors that impact cotton production and applications today.

Equipping practicing engineers and students with the tools to independently assess and understand complex material on the topic, this text is an ideal precursor to advanced heat transfer courses. Intermediate Heat Transfer discusses numerical analysis in conduction and convection, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, conduction through a slab from one fluid to another fluid, steady-state heat conduction in a two-dimensional fin, and truncation and round-off errors in finite difference method. Replete with sample problems to clarify concepts, this is an indispensable resource for professionals and seniors and first-year graduate students pursuing tracks in mechanical, aerospace, nuclear, and chemical engineering.

Instead of using expensive alloys to construct a tank or processing vessel, it is often more economical to use a less expensive metal, such as carbon steel, and install a lining to provide protection from corrosion. Corrosion of Linings and Coatings: Cathodic and Inhibitor Protection and Corrosion Monitoring offers focused coverage for professionals interested in protective linings and coatings, corrosion protection, and monitoring techniques. The author details various materials and methods for controlling and protecting against corrosion. He discusses the use of mortars, grouts, and monolithic surfaces and explains how the use of inhibitors and cathodic protection help prevent corrosion. The book also provides details for various types of linings materials and coatings and includes valuable compatibility charts for each material covered. The author concludes with an explanation of a variety of corrosion monitoring techniques currently available.

Achieving good clinical outcomes with implanted biomaterials depends upon achieving optimal function, both mechanical and biological, which in turn depends upon integrating advances realized in biological science, material science, and tissue engineering. As these advances push back the frontiers of biomaterial medicine , the control and patterning of bio-implant interface reactions will have a tremendous impact on future design and prospects of implant treatments. Bio-Implant Interface: Improving Biomaterials and Tissue Reactions brings together a remarkable panel of scientists to present the state-of-the-art in our understanding of interactions at the interface between biomaterials and living tissue. Much of the focus is on the importance of the implant surface's topography and chemistry to its interaction with the biological environment. Biomineralization along with the biological content of the interface and its role in directing cellular response along desired pathways also receive particular attention. The pursuit of new and better designs for improved biocompatibility and patient response to implants continues to challenge clinicians and scientists alike. This book offers a unique opportunity to bring yourself up-to-date on recent advances in the field and new strategies for controlling the bio-implant interface.