This book provides a review of the current understanding of the behavior of non-spherical particle suspensions providing experimental results, rheological models and numerical modeling. In recent years, new models have been developed for suspension rheology and as a result applications for nanocomposites have increased. The authors tackle issues within experimental, model and numerical simulations of the behavior of particle suspensions. Applications of non-spherical particle suspension rheology are widespread and can be found in organic matrix composites, nanocomposites, biocomposites, fiber-filled fresh concrete flow, blood and biologic fluids.

Improve and optimize efficiency of HVAC and related energy systems from an exergy perspective. From fundamentals to advanced applications, Exergy Analysis of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration provides readers with a clear and concise description of exergy analysis and its many uses. Focusing on the application of exergy methods to the primary technologies for heating, refrigerating, and air conditioning, Ibrahim Dincer and Marc A. Rosen demonstrate exactly how exergy can help improve and optimize efficiency, environmental performance, and cost-effectiveness. The book also discusses the analysis tools available, and includes many comprehensive case studies on current and emerging systems and technologies for real-world examples. From introducing exergy and thermodynamic fundamentals to presenting the use of exergy methods for heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems, this book equips any researcher or practicing engineer with the tools needed to learn and master the application of exergy analysis to these systems.

Biomimetic engineering takes the principles of biological organisms and copies, mimics or adapts these in the design and development of new materials and technologies. Biomimetic Technologies reviews the key materials and processes involved in this groundbreaking field, supporting theoretical background by outlining a range of applications. Beginning with an overview of the key principles and materials associated with biomimetic technologies in Part One, the book goes on to explore biomimetic sensors in more detail in Part Two, with bio-inspired tactile, hair-based, gas-sensing and sonar systems all reviewed. Biomimetic actuators are then the focus of Part Three, with vision systems, tissue growth and muscles all discussed. Finally, a wide range of applications are investigated in Part Four, where biomimetic technology and artificial intelligence are reviewed for such uses as bio-inspired climbing robots and multi-robot systems, microrobots with CMOS IC neural networks locomotion control, central pattern generators (CPG's) and biologically inspired antenna arrays.

Structural Health Monitoring of Aerospace Composite Structures offers a comprehensive review of established and promising technologies under development in the emerging area of structural health monitoring (SHM) of aircraft composite structures.

Beginning with a description of the different types of composite damage, which differ fundamentally from the damage states encountered in metallic airframe materials, the book moves on to describe the SHM methods and sensors currently under consideration before considering application examples related to specific composites, SHM sensors and detection methods. Expert author Victor Giurgiutiu closes with a valuable discussion of the advantages and limitations of various sensors and methods, helping you to make informed choices in your structure research and development.

With nondestructive continual and on-demand damage detection high on the agenda in aerospace to manage the structural unknowns associated with new composite dominated models making their way into commercial use, Structural Health Monitoring of Aerospace Composite Structures is an authoritative reference on a critical topic.
The first comprehensive review of one of the hottest areas in aerospace structures, providing breadth and detail to bring engineers and researchers up to speed on this rapidly developing field

Covers the main classes of SHM sensors, including fiber optic sensors, piezoelectric wafer active sensors, electrical properties sensors and conventional resistance strain gauges, and considers their applications and limitation

Includes details of active approaches, including acousto-ultrasonics, vibration, frequency transfer function, guided-wave tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ECIS), among other emerging methods

Design for the Unexpected: From Holonic Manufacturing Systems Towards a Humane Mechatronics Society presents new, even revolutionary, ideas to managing production and production systems which may fundamentally shift the paradigm of manufacturing systems design. It provides guidelines for the design of complex systems that can deal with unexpected disturbances and presents a decentralized control methodology that goes far beyond the traditional hierarchical control approach that currently prevails. The benefits are illustrated by a variety of examples and case studies from different fields, with the book's well-established authors presenting Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS) as the framework for the 'factory-of-the-future', and suggesting that the application of biologically inspired control paradigms can control complex manufacturing systems, and that there are far wider applications for these systems than pure manufacturing. In addition, the book explores how this multi-agent control framework can be extended to other fields such as traffic, transport, services, and health care.

Biopolymers: Applications and Trends provides an up-to-date summary of the varying market applications of biopolymers characterized by biodegradability and sustainability. It includes tables with the commercial names and properties of each biopolymer family, along with biopolymers for each marketing segment, not only presenting all the major market players, but also highlighting trends and new developments in products. The book includes a thorough breakdown of the vast range of application areas, including medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, construction, automotive, and many more, giving engineers critical materials information in an area which has traditionally been more limited than conventional polymers. In addition, the book uses recent patent information to convey the latest applications and techniques in the area, thus further illustrating the rapid pace of development and need for intellectual property for companies working on new and innovative products.

Modeling of Chemical Wear is a one-stop resource for students, researchers and professionals seeking quick and effective tribological evaluations of environmentally friendly and energy efficient products. This book considers optimizing additive combinations by proper methodology, bridging the gap between theory and practice. It defines effective approaches to evaluate antiwear chemical additives commonly used in industry, enhancing the mapping ability of their performance to reduce the extent of full scale evaluations.

Written in the perspective of an experimental chemist, this book puts together some fundamentals from chemistry, solid state physics and quantum chemistry, to help with understanding and predicting the electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors, both polymers and small molecules. The text is intended to assist graduate students and researchers in the field of organic electronics to use theory to design more efficient materials for organic electronic devices such as organic solar cells, light emitting diodes and field effect transistors. After addressing some basic topics in solid state physics, a comprehensive introduction to molecular orbitals and band theory leads to a description of computational methods based on Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT), for predicting geometry conformations, frontier levels and energy band structures. Topological defects and transport and optical properties are then addressed, and one of the most commonly used transparent conducting polymers, PEDOT:PSS, is described in some detail as a case study.

Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook: The Definitive User's Guide, Second Edition, addresses important, frequently posed questions by end-user design engineers, coaters, and coatings suppliers on fluorinated coatings and finishes, thus enabling them to achieve superior product qualities and shorter product and process development times. The book provides broad coverage of these fluorinated polymer coatings, including the best known PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene, first trademarked as Teflon (R) and ePTFE (GoreTex (R)). Their inherent qualities of low surface tension, non-stick, low friction, high melting point, and chemical inertness make fluoropolymer coatings widely desirable across thousands of industrial and consumer applications, but these properties also make it difficult to convert fluoropolymers to coatings that have sufficient adhesion to the substrate to be protected. In this book, readers learn how fluoropolymer coatings are used and made, about their pigments and fillers, binders, dispersion processes, additives, and solvents. The book includes substrate preparation, coating properties, baking and curing processes, performance tests, applications, and health and safety.

Nanospectroscopy addresses the spectroscopy of very small objects down to single molecules or atoms, or high-resolution spectroscopy performed on regions much smaller than the wavelength of light, revealing their local optical, electronic and chemical properties. This work highlights modern examples where optical nanospectroscopy is exploited in photonics, optical sensing, medicine, or state-of-the-art applications in material, chemical and biological sciences. Examples include the use of nanospectroscopy in such varied fields as quantum emitters, dyes and two-dimensional materials, on solar cells, radiation imaging detectors, biosensors and sensors for explosives, in biomolecular and cancer detection, food science, and cultural heritage studies.

This book is a detailed introduction to mechanical alloying, offering guidelines on the necessary equipment and facilities needed to carry out the process and giving a fundamental background to the reactions taking place. El-Eskandarany, a leading authority on mechanical alloying, discusses the mechanism of powder consolidations using different powder compaction processes. A new chapter will also be included on thermal, mechanically-induced and electrical discharge-assisted mechanical milling.

Fully updated to cover recent developments in the field, this second edition also introduces new and emerging applications for mechanical alloying, including the fabrication of carbon nanotubes, surface protective coating and hydrogen storage technology. El-Eskandarany discusses the latest research into these applications, and provides engineers and scientists with the information they need to implement these developments. The industrial applications of nanocrystalline and metallic glassy powders are presented.

The book also contains over 200 tables and graphs to illustrate the milling processes and present the properties and characteristics of the resulting materials.
Guides readers through each step of the mechanical alloying process, covering best practice techniques and offering guidelines on the required equipment.

Tables and graphs are used to explain the stages of the milling processes and provide an understanding of the properties and characteristics of the resulting materials.

A comprehensive update on the previous edition, including new chapters to cover new applications.

Fluoropolymers are used in applications demanding service at enhanced temperature while maintaining their structural integrity and have excellent combination of chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Advancements in materials and processing technology mean that a huge amount of research is currently taking place into new, high performance applications for specialty fluorinated polymers. This book is a complete review of the current research in synthesizing new fluorinated high performance polymers and their application in the field of low dielectric constant materials, membrane based separation (gas and liquid) and proton exchange membranes. Special emphasis is given to the preparation of soluble high performance polymers by incorporating fluorine and different structural elements so as to use these classes of polymers in different membrane based applications, including low dielectric constant materials, gas separation, pervaporation, proton exchange membranes in fuel cells, and more. The coverage of processing properties and commercial aspects - as well as a practical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of specialty fluoropolymers compared to other materials - enables engineers and product designers to apply the latest scientific developments in this area in a practical setting.

Biomaterials are advanced materials that garner interdisciplinary research. Wastewater pollution causes many adverse effects on human health and the environment. In order to rectify this, biomaterials and other nanomaterials have been utilized as photocatalysts against environmental waste. In this book, biomaterials are highlighted as a promising material for waste management, as biomaterials are cost-effective, eco-friendly and closer to nature.

The advances in microsystems offer new opportunities and capabilities to develop systems for biomedical applications, such as diagnostics and therapy. There is a need for a comprehensive treatment of microsystems and in particular for an understanding of performance limits associated with the shrinking scale of microsystems. The new edition of Microsystems for Bioelectronics addresses those needs and represents a major revision, expansion and advancement of the previous edition. This book considers physical principles and trends in extremely scaled autonomous microsystems such as integrated intelligent sensor systems, with a focus on energy minimization. It explores the implications of energy minimization on device and system architecture. It further details behavior of electronic components and its implications on system-level scaling and performance limits. In particular, fundamental scaling limits for energy sourcing, sensing, memory, computation and communication subsystems are developed and new applications such as optical, magnetic and mechanical sensors are presented. The new edition of this well-proven book with its unique focus and interdisciplinary approach shows the complexities of the next generation of nanoelectronic microsystems in a simple and illuminating view, and is aimed for a broad audience within the engineering and biomedical community.

A comprehensive introduction to strain-based structural health monitoring of civil structures, with focus on measurement and data analysis Introduction to Strain-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures focuses on the SHM of Civil Structures and Infrastructure, and develops the relevant topics of measurement and data analysis from a fundamental to advanced level. The book contains an overview of the available and emerging monitoring technologies, for example, traditional strain-gauges, fiber optic sensors, and large area electronics. The fundamental criteria for applications of SHM technologies on concrete, steel and composite materials are also discussed, and both basic and advanced data interpretation and analysis for static and dynamic monitoring are presented in detail. Methods applicable to a large spectrum of civil structures such as bridges, buildings, and geo-structures are summarized. These methods are illustrated with practical examples. Key features: * Introduces strain-based structural health monitoring of civil structures, with focus on measurement and data analysis. * Contains the basic strain-based SHM methods for monitoring various types of structures. * Covers the physical principles, advantages and limitations of various types of sensors. * Covers the sources of static and dynamic strain, and how to interpret the strain measurement. * Includes basic and advanced methods for static and dynamic data analysis. * Explores the potential and benefits as well as the limitations of SHM. * Suitable as a guide for practicing engineers, reference for infrastructure owners, and textbook for researchers and SHM university courses. Introduction to Strain-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures is essential, state-of-the-art reading for civil and structural engineers and professionals in SHM, as well as teachers, researchers and students in civil engineering.

The design and study of materials is a pivotal component to new discoveries in the various fields of science and technology. By understanding the components and structures of materials, researchers can increase its applications across different industries. Modeling and Simulations for Metamaterials: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly resource that examines the physics of metamaterials with an emphasis on negative-index metamaterials and their applications at terahertz frequencies. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as electromagnetic waves, harmonic oscillator model, and scattering analysis, this book is geared towards academicians, researchers, engineers, industrialists, and graduate students researching in the field.

Modelling and Simulation of Reactive Flows presents information on modeling and how to numerically solve reactive flows. The book offers a distinctive approach that combines diffusion flames and geochemical flow problems, providing users with a comprehensive resource that bridges the gap for scientists, engineers, and the industry. Specifically, the book looks at the basic concepts related to reaction rates, chemical kinetics, and the development of reduced kinetic mechanisms. It considers the most common methods used in practical situations, along with equations for reactive flows, and various techniques-including flamelet, ILDM, and Redim-for jet flames and plumes, with solutions for both. In addition, the book includes techniques to accelerate the convergence of numerical simulation, and a discussion on the analysis of uncertainties with numerical results, making this a useful reference for anyone who is interested in both combustion in free flow and in porous media.