Fills a Prominent Gap in a Significant Area of Intermetallics Presenting a comprehensive overview of structural intermetallics (the most important class of intermetallics), Structural Intermetallics and Intermetallic Matrix Composites is a reference written with the beginning student as well as the practicing professional in mind. Utilizing the author's more than two decades of experience working on silicides and teaching a course on advanced materials, this text addresses the fundamental aspects related to structure, mechanical behavior, and the oxidation resistance of selected intermetallics and their composites. In addition to covering the structure and properties of selected intermetallics, the text places special emphasis on composite intermetallics and specifically focuses on select aluminides and silicides. It reviews existing literature on select structural silicides and aluminides, considers possible applications on the basis of the attractive properties of aluminides and silicides, and also factors in future directions of research. Fundamental aspects include thermodynamic principles, phase diagrams and crystal structures, processing methods, deformation and fracture mechanisms of ordered intermetallics, and oxidation behavior with mechanisms for protection against environmental degradation. Comprising nine chapters, this text: Explores the state-of-the-art accomplishments in this area Considers further research related to the topic Examines further innovations applying these materials An up-to-date introduction to structural intermetallics, Structural Intermetallics and Intermetallic Matrix Composites helps readers grasp the complexities of the structure of intermetallics and their effect on various physical and mechanical properties. It also highlights the recent state of development in the field.

This textbook covers chemical thermodynamics in materials science from basic to advanced level, especially for iron and steel making processes. To improve a process by applying knowledge of thermodynamics or to assess the calculation results of thermodynamic software, an accurate and systematic understanding of thermodynamics is required. For that purpose, books from which one can learn thermodynamics from the basic to the advanced level are needed, but such books are rarely published. This book bridges the gap between the basics, which are treated in general thermodynamic books, and their application, which are only partially dealt with in most specialized books on a specific field. This textbook can be used to teach the basics of chemical thermodynamics and its applications to beginners. The basic part of the book is written to help learners acquire robust applied skills in an easy-to-understand manner, with in-depth explanations and schematic diagrams included. The same book can be used by advanced learners as well. Those higher-level readers such as post-graduate students and researchers may refer to the basic part of the book to get down to the basic concepts of chemical thermodynamics or to confirm the basic concepts. Abundant pages are also devoted to applications designed to present more advanced applied skills grounded in a deep understanding of the basics. The book contains some 50 examples and their solutions so that readers can learn through self-study.

What makes this book unique is a specific focus on aluminum recovery, rather than just recycling in general. It also offers an integrated discussion of scrap recovery and re-melting operations and includes economic as well as technical elements of recycling. Important topics include a discussion of the scrap aluminum marketplace and how secondary aluminum is collected and sorted, the design and operation of furnaces for melting scrap, the refining of molten aluminum, and the recovery and processing of dross from re-melting operations. This second edition features more information on aluminum scrap pricing and the economics of recycling, the analysis of dross processing methods currently in use by the industry, and drosses produced. The book has been updated throughout to include the most up-to-date information.

Pipeline integrity is key to maintaining operational success, safety and security and minimising harm to the environment. Corrosion is a dominant contributory factor to failures, leaks and integrity threat in pipelines. Therefore, its optimum control within an integrity management framework is paramount for the cost effective design of facilities and ensuring continued, uninterrupted and safe operations within the expected design life. This recommended practice (RP) is a compendium of current best practices and state of the art knowledge by major operators, engineering contractors and service companies involved in hydrocarbon production and transportation. The RP incorporates some minimum operational requirements and practices to ensure that when managing corrosion in pipelines, fundamental principles are followed. It covers management of corrosion for pipelines carrying hydrocarbons, injection water and/or produced water from design to decommissioning. It is structured to follow the logical steps of a basic corrosion management process and makes references to relevant and available International standards and/or recommended practices. It is intended for use by personnel from the petroleum industry having knowledge of corrosion and materials. It is hoped that this RP will prove to be a key reference document for engineers, suppliers and contractors working in the oil and gas industry, paving the way for corrosion free operation of pipelines with the ultimate goal of improving safety, security and minimising the impact on the environment.

Applications, Processes, and Controls is the second volume in the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition. Should you clean your product during manufacturing? If so, when and how? Cleaning is essential for proper performance, optimal quality, and increased sales. Inadequate cleaning of product elements can lead to catastrophic failure of the entire system and serious hazards to individuals and the general public. Gain a competitive edge with proven cleaning and contamination-control strategies A decade after the bestselling original, the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition helps manufacturers meet today's challenges, providing practical information and perspective about cleaning chemistries, equipment, processes, and applications. With 90% new or revised chapters plus supplementary online material, the handbook has grown into two comprehensive volumes: Cleaning Agents and Systems, and Applications, Processes, and Controls. Helping manufacturers become more efficient and productive, these books: Show how to increase profitability and meet both existing and expected product demand Clarify the sea of print and Internet information about cleaning chemistries and techniques Address challenges of performance, miniaturization, and cost, as well as regulatory and supply chain pressures Offer clearly written guidance from the viewpoints of more than 70 leading industry contributors in technical, management, academic, and regulatory disciplines Overview chapters by the editors, industry icons Barbara and Ed Kanegsberg, meld the different viewpoints and compile and critique the options. The result is a complete, cohesive, balanced perspective that helps manufacturers better select, implement, and maintain a quality, value-added cleaning process. The second volume, Handbook for Critical Cleaning: Applications, Processes, and Controls, addresses how to implement, validate, monitor, and maintain a critical cleaning process. Topics include cleanrooms, materials compatibility, worker safety, sustainability, and environmental constraints. The book shows readers how to draw from diverse disciplines-including aerospace, art conservation, electronics, food, life sciences, military, optics, and semiconductors-to achieve superior productivity.

Cleaning Agents and Systems is the first volume in the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition.

Should you clean your product during manufacturing? If so, when and how? Cleaning is essential for proper performance, optimal quality, and increased sales. Inadequate cleaning of product elements can lead to catastrophic failure of the entire system and serious hazards to individuals and the general public.

Gain a competitive edge with proven cleaning and contamination-control strategies

A decade after the bestselling original, the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition helps manufacturers meet today 's challenges, providing practical information and perspective about cleaning chemistries, equipment, processes, and applications. With 90% new or revised chapters plus supplementary online material, the handbook has grown into two comprehensive volumes: Cleaning Agents and Systems and Applications, Processes, and Controls.

Helping manufacturers become more efficient and productive, these books:

• Show how to increase profitability and meet both existing and expected product demand
• Clarify the sea of print and Internet information about cleaning chemistries and techniques
• Address challenges of performance, miniaturization, and cost, as well as regulatory and supply chain pressures
• Offer clearly written guidance from the viewpoints of more than 70 leading industry contributors in technical, management, academic, and regulatory disciplines

Overview chapters by the editors, industry icons Barbara and Ed Kanegsberg, meld the different viewpoints and compile and critique the options. The result is a complete, cohesive, balanced perspective that helps manufacturers better select, implement, and maintain a quality, value-added cleaning process.

The first volume, Handbook for Critical Cleaning: Cleaning Agents and Systems, gives manufacturers a practical understanding of the variety and functions of cleaning chemistries and cleaning, rinsing, and drying equipment. Topics include aqueous, solvent, and "non-chemical" approaches. Readers can compare process costs, performance, and regulatory issues, and then choose their best option.

Ultrasonic Welding of Metal Sheets covers various aspects of ultrasonic welding (USW) of metal sheets, including the discussion on modeling and numerical simulations of ultrasonic welding to improve this welding process and performance. This book aims to provide an accessible, comprehensive and up-to-date exposition of the various aspects of joining of dissimilar metal sheets ranging from its fundamentals thorough to metallurgical characteristics covering fundamental concepts, in-detailed explanation about the USW including its implementation, design criteria, work material, welding, thermo-mechanical and research scopes. The book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in manufacturing, welding, mechanical engineering. Features The ultrasonic spot welding of various metal sheets is described in simplified expression and concepts are elucidated by relevant illustrations. Discusses modeling and numerical simulations of ultrasonic welding to improve the ultrasonic welding process and performance As opposed to competition in the market, this title provides thorough clarification of ultrasonic spot welding of metal sheets with its applications.

After introducing the concepts and characteristics of welding thermal processes and weld pool behaviors, this book addresses essential advances in welding analysis and processes with an emphasis on the latest modeling and simulation methods. It covers techniques and formulas for assessing welding thermal processes, finite difference and finite analysis methods for calculating thermal conduction, and numerical simulation of weld pool behaviors in metal-inert-gas/metal-active-gas arc welding, It also covers keyhole and weld pool dynamics in plasma arc welding and vision-based sensing of weld pool shape and geometry. It also provides case studies of fluid flow and heat transfer in tungsten-inert-gas arc welding.

Quenching is one of the most fundamentally complex processes in the heat treatment of metals, and it is something on which mechanical properties and distortion of engineering components depend. With chapters written by the most respected international experts in the field, Quenching Theory and Technology, Second Edition presents the most authoritative, exhaustive, and recent findings in this vital area. Understanding and control of quenching and quenchants is a critical constant in all well established and emerging heat treatment process technology. The collection of up-to-date knowledge in this book is the latest outcome from continuing formal and informal discussions by experts within the framework of the International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE).

It covers topics including:

• Thermo-and fluid dynamic principles of heat transfer during cooling
• Wetting kinematics
• Residual stresses after cooling
• Computer modeling and prediction of microstructure transformation
• Hardness distribution
• Stress-strain and distortion

With revised and updated content from the first edition, this book adds coverage of important technological developments. Although the primary focus continues to be on the quenching of steel, it also details quenching of aluminum and titanium alloys, quench severity of selected vegetable oils, gas quenching, intensive quenching, and simulation of quenching. Presenting the most recent findings in this area, this essential piece of literature is a substantial contribution to the general field of the thermal processing of metals. It is useful not only for specialists in heat treatment practice, but also those in higher education or numerous specialized courses and seminars worldwide.

This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on ferrites as well as the cutting-edge applications of these versatile materials. The main families of ferrites and their modern synthesis and processing methods are covered in this review book. Furthermore, the different morphologies of these materials and their current and incipient applications are also discussed.

The world's output of metals during the 100 year period of 1863-1963 was greater than in all the previous years of man's history. In the nineteenth century the only metals available to industry were cast and wrought iron and a few non-ferrous metals and their alloys; by the latter part of the twentieth century, steel and aluminum dominated the world, and metals that were mere laboratory curiosities provided the basis for the technology of nuclear energy and space travel. This book records the extraordinary history of metallurgical progress, in which metal art was replaced by metal science. It remains a classic work on the subject. The book begins with an introductory chapter that surveys the entire field to be covered, and follows with eight chapters each dealing with progress in one of the major branches of the metallurgical industry: ore dressing, pyrometallurgy, iron and steel, the major non-ferrous metals, new metals (such as uranium, germanium and cobalt), precious metals, the shaping of metals, and metallography. The book reviews developments in all countries, but American practice - which led the world - is given special prominence. A glossary of metallurgical terms and full name and subject indexes are included. The book is a basic reference work as well as an absorbing history of an important aspect of man's technological progress.

Hot-dip galvanization is a method for coating steel workpieces with a protective zinc film to enhance the corrosion resistance and to improve the mechanical material properties. Hot-dip galvanized steel is the material of choice underlying many modern buildings and constructions, such as train stations, bridges and metal domes.

Based on the successful German version, this edition has been adapted to include international standards, regulations and best practices. The book systematically covers all steps in hot-dip galvanization: surface pre-treatment, process and systems technology, environmental issues, and quality management. As a result, the reader finds the fundamentals as well as the most important aspects of process technology and technical equipment, alongside contributions on workpiece requirements for optimal galvanization results and methods for applying additional protective coatings to the galvanized pieces.

With over 200 illustrated examples, step-by-step instructions, presentations and reference tables, this is essential reading for apprentices and professionals alike.

High-entropy alloys and their manufacturing are important fields in materials science and engineering today. This book will discuss various areas on high-entropy alloys. Topics discussed include processing routes, the effect of processing routes on structure and properties of the materials, the effect of alloying elements on structure and properties, as well as new emerging routes for materials preparation.

This book gives an overview on the fundamentals and recent developments in the field of luminescent materials. Starting from the definitions and properties of phosphors, novel application areas as well as spectroscopic methods for characterization will be described. The reader will benefit from the vast knowledge of the authors with backgrounds in industry as well as academia.

This book is intended to give an introduction and a comprehensive overview concerning the main areas of surface magnetism with special emphasis on rare earth metals. Investigations in this ?eld require experimental techniques which are sensitive to the topmost layers on the one hand and simultaneously to magnetic properties on the other hand. Using additionally tools with a high lateral resolution the visualization of magnetic domains becomes possible. Theunderstandingofmagneticandelectronicbehaviorrequirestheknowledgeof the structure on a microscopic scale. Due to this important relationship the dep- dence of electronic on structural properties is the ?rst topic. This contains inves- gations not only on rare earth metals but additionally on 3d ferromagnetic systems. It is important to keep in mind that the chemical behavior of a surface det- mines the surface electronic properties. Thus, variations, e.g. due to adsorbate atoms, have a signi?cant in?uence. This aspect will be focused on as the next topic with the description of selected substrate layers which were exposed to different types of gaseous molecules. Investigations on the surface magnetism of itinerant ferromagnetic materials, including the in?uence of adsorbates on surface magnetic properties, and magnets with localized moments is the ?nal and main topic of this volume. It will end with the realization of laterally resolved spin polarized vacuum tunneling which enables to image magnetic domains on the nanometer scale. Acknowledgements This work summarizes my research on the above-mentioned topics performed at the Universities of Bielefeld, Mainz, Hamburg, and Dusseldorf."

Throughout the last two decades, the flat-steel production industry has experienced great success with the introduction of new technologies and manufacturing advances for both hot and cold steel-rolling. These improvements are resulting in significantly reduced production costs and better product quality. Recent consolidation of the steel industry which has led to improved sharing of technological breakthroughs between plants is creating an optimal atmosphere for the implementation of advances.

An assessment of industry progress, Flat-Rolled Steel Processes: Advanced Technologies details these improvements, assembling input from 62 international contributors specializing in various areas of research and development of steel production technology and manufacturing of flat steel products. It describes the challenges and the latest solutions to problems in four major areas:

• New concepts and modernization of rolling mills
• Modeling of flat-rolling processes
• Measurement, automation, and process control
• Strip profile and flatness control

Written for a broad audience, each chapter familiarizes readers with a different aspect of the latest theoretical and practical developments in the field. With its roots in the series of technical publications that summarize and review manufacturing developments for flat-rolled steel products, this volume explores the significant developments that are modernizing automation, process control, mathematical modeling, and quality-monitoring systems in flat-rolling processes. This includes the introduction of computer-based technology in both new and existing conventional rolling mills.

Providing expert insight and analysis related to technological improvements, this book will help readers understand the current state of flat steel production, how it evolved, and its future direction.

An Emerging Tool for Pioneering Engineers

Co-published by the International Federation of Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering.

Thermal processing is a highly precise science that does not easily lend itself to improvements through modeling, as the computations required to attain an accurate prediction of the microstructure and properties of work pieces is sophisticated beyond the capacity of human calculation.. Over the years, any developments in thermal processes relied largely on empiricism and traditional practice, but advancements in computer technology are beginning to change this.

Enhances the quest for process optimization

Comprehensive and authoritative, the Handbook of Thermal Process Modeling of Steels provides practicing engineers with the first complete resource that meets the needs of both those new to modeling and those hoping to profit from advances in the field. Written by those with practical experience, it demonstrates what is involved in predicting material response under industrial rather than laboratory conditions, and consequently, gives heightened insight into the physical origins of various aspects of materials behavior.

Encourages both the understanding and the use of real time process control

Before the advent of sophisticated computers, the errors inherent in computational predictions made modeling an ineffective gamble rather than a cost saving tool. Today, modeling shows great promise in both materials performance improvements and process cost reduction.

The basic mathematical models for thermal processing simulation gradually introduced to date have yielded enormous advantages for some engineering applications; however, much research needs to e accomplished as existing models remain highly simplified by comparison with real commercial thermal processes. Yet, this is quickly changing. Ultimately, those engineers who can move this tool of improvement out of the lab and onto the factory floor will discover vast opportunities to gain a competitive edge.

This book, which was commissioned by the Copper Development Association, is intended to bring up to date the information contained in the standard reference work by P. J. Macken and A. A. Smith published in 1966. In particular, this book contains much valuable new material on the metallurgy of aluminium bronzes and the composition and manufacturing conditions required to ensure reliable corrosion resistance. It contains chapters on alloying elements, physical properties, casting processes and the properties of castings, the manufacture and design of castings, wrought aluminium bronzes, heat treatment, welding, corrosion, wear resistance, microstructure of binary alloys, ternary alloys, the Cu-Al-Ni-Fe system and the Cu-Mg-Al-Ni-Fe system. It also contains a historical introduction and a number of useful appendices.It will prove invaluable for designers, engineering consultants, metallurgists, architects, civil engineers and all those who are responsible for the selection of materials, as well as the manufacturers of these alloys. ISO-CEN and American standards are referred to. This is a paperback reprint of the original text published in 2000.

Pulling together information previously scattered throughout numerous research articles into one detailed resource, Physical Metallurgy of Direct Chill Casting of Aluminum Alloys connects the fundamentals of structure formation during solidification with the practically observed structure and defect patterns in billets and ingots. The author examines the formation of a structure, properties, and defects in the as-cast material in tight correlation to the physical phenomena involved in the solidification and the process parameters.

The book draws on the author's advanced research to provide a unique application of physical metallurgy to direct chill (DC) casting technology. He examines structure and defect formation- including macrosegregation and hot tearing. Each technology-centered chapter provides historical background before reviewing current developments. The author supports his conclusions with computer simulation results that have been correlated with highly progressive experimental data. He presents a logical system of structure and defect formation based on the specific features of the DC casting process. He also demonstrates that the seemingly controversial results reported in literature are, in fact, caused by the different ratio of the same mechanisms.

Compiling recent results and data, the book discusses the fundamentals of solidification together with metallurgical and technological aspects of DC casting. It gives new insight and perspective into DC casting research.

Offering complete coverage of the technologies, machine tools, and operations of a wide range of machining processes, Machining Technology presents the essential principles of machining and then examines traditional and nontraditional machining methods. Available for the first time in one easy-to-use resource, the book elucidates the fundamentals, basic elements, and operations of the general purpose machine tools used for the production of cylindrical and flat surfaces by turning, drilling and reaming, shaping and planing, milling, boring, broaching, and abrasive processes.

Metals have been essential to human civilisation for many thousands of years. With a broad range of applications they have found their way into virtually every aspect of our daily lives. Their durable and recyclable properties should make them ideal materials for a sustainable economy. But can metals live up to this promise? What are the economic, ecological, and social implications of their increasing use? How can we secure the supply of high-quality metals in the future? Do we need substitutes for scarce or especially toxic metals? We will face many such questions on the path towards sustainable production, trade and use of metals. This book brings together experts from many fields, with sometimes controversial opinions, to discuss the conditions and limits of a sustainable metals management. The ideas and goals of sustainability are not only explained theoretically, but also applied to various stages of the metal making and trading process.

This book highlights the overview of Spintronics, including What is Spintronics ?; Why Do We Need Spintronics ?; Comparative merit-demerit of Spintronics and Electronics ; Research Efforts put on Spintronics ; Quantum Mechanics of Spin; Dynamics of magnetic moments : Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation; Spin-Dependent Band Gap in Ferromagnetic Materials; Functionality of 'Spin' in Spintronics; Different Branches of Spintronics etc. Some important notions on basic elements of Spintronics are discussed here, such as - Spin Polarization, Spin Filter Effect, Spin Generation and Injection, Spin Accumulation, Different kinds of Spin Relaxation Phenomena, Spin Valve, Spin Extraction, Spin Hall Effect, Spin Seebeck Effect, Spin Current Measurement Mechanism, Magnetoresistance and its different kinds etc. Concept of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), different types of GMR, qualitative and quantitative explanation of GMR employing Resistor Network Theory are presented here. Tunnelling Magnetoresistance (TMR), Magnetic Junctions, Effect of various parameters on TMR, Measurement of spin relaxation length and time in the spacer layer are covered here. This book highlights the concept of Spin Transfer Torque (STT), STT in Ferromagnetic Layer Structures, STT driven Magnetization Dynamics, STT in Magnetic Multilayer Nanopillar etc. This book also sheds light on Magnetic Domain Wall (MDW) Motion, Ratchet Effect in MDW motion, MDW motion velocity measurements, Current-driven MDW motion, etc. The book deals with the emerging field of spintronics, i.e., Opto-spintronics. Special emphasis is given on ultrafast optical controlling of magnetic states of antiferromagnet, Spin-photon interaction, Faraday Effect, Inverse Faraday Effect and outline of different all-optical spintronic switching. One more promising branch i.e., Terahertz Spintronics is also covered. Principle of operation of spintronic terahertz emitter, choice of materials, terahertz writing of an antiferromagnetic magnetic memory device is discussed. Brief introduction of Semiconductor spintronics is presented that includes dilute magnetic semiconductor, feromagnetic semiconductor, spin polarized semiconductor devices, three terminal spintronic devices, Spin transistor, Spin-LED, and Spin-Laser. This book also emphasizes on several modern spintronics devices that includes GMR Read Head of Modern Hard Disk Drive, MRAM, Position Sensor, Biosensor, Magnetic Field sensor, Three Terminal Magnetic Memory Devices, Spin FET, Race Track Memory and Quantum Computing.

This book summarizes the research results of carbide control in special steel from the authors. It includes the evolution and control of carbide in special steel in the process of electroslag remelting, rolling, and heat treatment, as well as the effect of alloying treatment (rare earth, magnesium, nitrogen, titanium) as heterogeneous nucleating agent on the carbides in special steel. It helps the readers to understand the formation mechanism and control technology of carbide in special steel deeply for improving the quality of special steel further. The book is useful as a reference for researchers, practitioners, teachers, and engineering management team in the fields of metallurgy and materials.