This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the unique theory developed over years of research on materials and process modelling and its application in metal forming technologies. It starts with the introduction of fundamental theories on the mechanics of materials, computational mechanics and the formulation of unified constitutive equations. Particular attention is paid to elastic-plastic formulations for cold metal forming and unified elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for warm/hot metals processing. Damage in metal forming and numerical techniques to solve and determine the unified constitutive equations are also detailed. Examples are given for the application of the unified theories to solve practical problems encountered in metal forming processes. This is particularly useful to predict microstructure evolution in warm/hot metal forming processes. Crystal plasticity theories and modelling techniques with their applications in micro-forming are also introduced in the book.The book is self-contained and unified in presentation. The explanations are highlighted to capture the interest of curious readers and complete enough to provide the necessary background material to further explore/develop new theories and applications.

This reference explores explosion welding, a high intensity, transient impact that achieves metal compounds not obtainable otherwise. Electron microscopy images cover the structure of numerous welded joints including titanium-orthorhombic titanium aluminide, copper-tantalum, aluminum-tantalum, iron-silver, steel-steel, and copper-titanium. These weldable pairs have different solubility than their initial elements. The authors present various processes and structures including granulating fragmentation, cusps, splashes, and quasi-wave interface. Specific risk zones for chemical and petrochemical (coke chamber) reactors are probed and suggestions offered. Key Features: Offers new theories about explosion welding processes and structures Investigates dozens of weldable pairs with differing solubility from initial elements Studies both hetero- and homogeneous pairs Explores welded joints with flat, wavy and quasi-wavy separation boundaries Observes irregularities of the separation surface relief observing asperities and splashes and their transformation under intensified welding modes Unveils a new type of fragmentation under explosion welding Explosive Welding: Processes and Structures is a valuable resource for a wide range of experts involved in explosion welding, engineers, as well as graduate and postgraduate students.

The fundamentals of wet classification are described and a scientific basis for solving classification is presented. For the practical engineer, there is an overview of the technical solutions available.

Heterostructured (HS) materials represent an emerging class of materials that are expected to become a major research field for the communities of materials, mechanics, and physics in the next couple of decades. One of the biggest advantages of HS materials is that they can be produced by large-scale industrial facilities and technologies and therefore can be commercialized without the scaling up and high-cost barriers that are often encountered by other advanced materials. This book collects recent papers on the progress in the field of HS materials, especially their fundamental physics. The papers are arranged in a sequence of chapters that will help new researchers entering the field to have a quick and comprehensive understanding of HS materials, including the fundamentals and recent progress in their processing, characterization, and properties.

The unique properties of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in magnetodielectric solids are widely used to create highly efficient analog information processing devices in the microwave range. Such devices include filters, delay lines, phase shifters, non-reciprocal and non-linear devices, and others. This book examines magnetic resonance and ferromagnetic resonance under a wide variety of conditions to study physical properties of magnetodielectric materials. The authors explore the properties in various mediums that significantly complicate magnetic resonance and provide a summary of related advances obtained during the last two decades. It also covers the emergence of new branches of the spectrum and anomalous dependencies on the magnetic field. Key Features: Reviews basic principles of the science of crystallographic symmetry and anisotropic solid-state properties Addresses the inhomogeneous nature of the distribution of the magnetization in the material being studied Explains the mathematic methods used in the calculation of anisotropic solids of a solid Provides the reader with a path to substitute electromagnetic waves when magnetostatic apparatus prove insufficient

Overview This collection of priceless tips, tricks, skills, and experiences from a veteran of the trade is presented in a way that captures the readers' attention and engages them in the process of furthering their skills. It includes shop-tested descriptions and illustrations of creative and unique techniques and observations from four decades in the metalworking trades. Perfect for hobbyists and veterans alike, and everyone in between, and for those who work out of either small shops or garages, backyard facilities and basements. It will help any metalworker do better work and do it faster! Users will learn about: The shop environment. Basic generic skills such as drawing and sketching, accuracy, speed, shop math and trigonometry, and angles. Setting up your shop, including floors, light, heating and cooling, workbenches and tables, air supply, raw material storage and handling, safety equipment, filing, sawing, rigging and lifting. Manual and CNC lathes. Manual and CNC mills. Welding. Flame straightening. Sheet metal, patterns, cones, and tanks and baffles. Sanding, grinding, and abrading. Features Covers hundreds of shop-tested techniques. These creative and unique techniques have been shop-tested by the author the old-fashioned way, by repetition and hard work. Features hundreds of 4-color photographs. Metalworking -Doing It Betterincludes over 900 4-color images personally photographed by the author to illustrate the methods he describes in the book. Fully integrates text and photographs. The guide has been designed so that in virtually every case, the tips and the supporting photographs appear together on the same page. Provides wide range of topics. Many of the topics address specific trade skills, working with manual and CNC lathes and mills, as well as welding flame straightening, sheet metal, sanding, grinding, and abrading. Earlier chapters focus on general across-the-board skills, including essential shop math and trigonometry, accuracy, speed, drawing, and sketching. Includes extensive guidance for setting up your workshop. Chapter 4 helps you with shop basics - finding the right floor and lights, heating and cooling, workbenches and tables, air supply, storage and handling of raw materials, and much more. Written from a folksy, personal perspective. The tips and techniques are presented as an ongoing, informal conversation between the author and the reader. Chapter 1 Diving In Welcome to Doing It Better Personal Learning Attitude Shop Environment What's a Journeyman Anyway? Thursday Nights Format Chapter 2 Brain Food Communication Drawing and Sketch Minimizing Screw-Ups Accuracy Speed Shop Math Mass, Volume, and Area Angles and Shop Trigonometry The Metric System Computers and the Metalworker Dumb and Dumber Want to Make a Million Dollars? Chapter 3 Bean Counters Lounge Engineers and Metalworkers Shop Talk Dimensioning Other Tips Chapter 4 Setting Up Your Shop Floors Light Food Areas Heating and Cooling Workbenches and Tables Air Supply Raw Material Storage and Handling Material Identification and Characteristics Safety Equipment Tool Crib Bench Work Filing Saws and Sawing Rigging and Lifting Chapter 5 Manual Lathe Learning to Love the Lathe Getting Started with the Manual Lathe Step Turning Threading in the Manual Lathe Multiple Start Threads Chapter 6 Manual Milling Machine Bridgeport Mills Suggested Improvements Spherical Surface Generation Chapter 7 CNC Mill Working with CNC Equipment

Gold is used in a wide range of industrial and medical applications and accounts for over 10 percent of the annual demand for metal, worth billions of dollars annually. While much has been written about the mystique and trade of gold, very little has been written about the science and technology in which it is involved. Edited by two respected authorities from the World Gold Council, Gold: Science and Applications provides researchers with the definitive handbook on the current science and applications of this valuable and beautiful precious metal. Packed with contributions from the world's leading experts, this volume brings in authoritative information from a number of sciences, including chemistry, physics, nanotechnology and metallurgy. The book presents a myriad of applications, ranging from electronics to medicine and optics. A comprehensive overview chapter provides historical perspectives of the element and each chapter describes potential further uses, including applications currently being developed. Gold Applications in Use Today Include: Medical Dental Electronics Engineering Industrial Pollution Control Photography Catalysts Nanotechnology

Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures includes papers presented at the 14th International Conference on Metal Structures 2021 (ICMS 2021, Poznan, Poland, 16-18 June 2021). The 14th ICMS summarised a few years' theoretical, numerical and experimental research on steel, aluminium and composite structures, and presented new concepts. This book contains six plenary lectures and all the individual papers presented during the Conference. Seven plenary lectures were presented at the Conference, including "Research developments on glass structures under extreme loads", Parhp3D - The parallel MPI/openMPI implementation of the 3D hp-adaptive FE code", "Design of beam-to-column steel-concrete composite joints: from Eurocodes and beyond", "Stainless steel structures - research, codification and practice", "Testing, modelling and design of bolted joints - effect of size, structural properties, integrity and robustness", "Design of hybrid beam-to-column joints between RHS tubular columns and I-section beams" and "Selected aspects of designing the cold-formed steel structures". The individual contributions delivered by authors covered a wide variety of topics: - Advanced analysis and direct methods of design, - Cold-formed elements and structures, - Composite structures, - Engineering structures, - Joints and connections, - Structural stability and integrity, - Structural steel, metallurgy, durability and behaviour in fire. Modern Trends in Research on Steel, Aluminium and Composite Structures is a useful reference source for academic researchers, graduate students as well as designers and fabricators.

Finally, in a single volume, a reference that presents engineering-level information on press-working sheet metal, die design, and die manufacturing " Concentrating on simple, practical methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for anyone looking for detailed information about die design and the manufacture of stamping dies, particularly practicing die designers, press engineers, tool and die maintenance technicians, students of die design, and advanced apprentice die makers. Features

Due to their flexible and efficient capabilities, lasers are often used over more traditional machining technologies, such as mechanical drilling and chemical etching, in manufacturing a wide variety of products, from medical implants, gyroscopes, and drug delivery catheters to aircraft engines, printed circuit boards, and fuel cells. Fundamentals of Laser Micromachining explains how laser technology is applied to precision micromachining. The book combines background on physics, lasers, optics, and hardware with analysis of markets, materials, and applications. It gives sufficient theoretical background for readers to understand basic concepts while including a further reading appendix for those interested in more detailed theoretical discussions.

After reviewing laser history and technology, the author compares available laser sources, including CO2, excimer, Nd: YAG, fiber, and short pulse. He also addresses topics crucial to obtaining good processing results, such as IR and UV material-photon interaction, basic optical components, and system integration. The text goes on to cover real-world applications in the medical, microelectronics, aerospace, and other fields. It concludes with details on processing many common materials, such as metals, silicon, ceramics, and glasses.

For engineers and project managers, this book provides the foundation to achieve cost-effectiveness, the best edge quality, and the highest resolution in small-scale industrial laser machining. It will help you select the correct kind of laser for your application and identify real opportunities for growth in the marketplace.

Structure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides presents diagrams and numerical data of important properties of spinels and oxides based on experimental results published in the literature. The values of many parameters presented can be used for optimization of preparation of new systems, to predict the practical properties of these systems. Applications include electronic devices, new metallic alloys with improved corrosion resistance, new ceramic materials, and novel catalysts, particularly for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. Organized into four comprehensive parts, the authors present the problem of the structure and concentration of ionic and electronic defects in magnetite and hausmannite, pure and doped with M3+ cations, and in spinels exhibiting magnetic properties and high electric conductance. Additional Features include: Includes 236 figures presenting equilibrium diagrams of point defects and other useful details related to stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric spinels and oxides. Details novel methods of calculation of equilibria involving point defects. Collects scattered data published in nearly 500 original articles since the 1950s on spinels and oxides in one useful volume. Building upon the data presented, this book is an indispensable reference for material scientists and engineers developing new metal or oxide-based systems can easily calculate other useful parameters and compare the properties of different materials to select the best candidates for an intended use.

Currently, most of the major commercial metal additive manufacturing (MAM) techniques rely on liquid phase processing. The liquid to solid phase transformations in these techniques results in microstructural issues and defects which in turn tantamount to inferior properties of fabricated build. Friction based additive manufacturing technologies are solid state processing techniques which work on the principles of friction based joining processes and layer by layer additive manufacturing. This book primarily addresses the basic understanding of seven friction based additive manufacturing techniques. These techniques include additive manufacturing methods based on rotary friction welding, linear friction welding, friction deposition, friction surfacing, friction stir additive manufacturing, friction assisted seam welding and additive friction stir. The principle of operations, benefits, limitations and recent developments of each technique has been described. It covers potentional and probable applications of each technique through review of various experimental studies. Features Targets friction based solid state additive manufacturing of metallic materials Describes principle of operation of seven friction based additive manufacturing techniques Reviews latest trends of these processes via experimental studies Describes benefits and limitations of each technique Covers current and probable applications of these techniques

The book covers the development of new technologies for the joining of TiAl alloys that result in sound bonds obtained in less demanding conditions. It discusses joint processing, microstructural and mechanical characterization, and summarizes developments in new approaches to the joining of TiAl alloys using advanced characterization techniques.

Advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focuses on the theory, simulation and practice of the rolling of AHSSs: The book introduces the history, types and advances of AHSSs and their processes; proposes new theory that is applicable to the rolling of AHSSs, presents mathematical and numerical modelling of AHSSs in rolling; covers thermomechanical processing technologies of AHSSs; provides case studies on the rolling practice of the most popular AHSSs and includes other rolling-related technologies of AHSSs. The book will be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed at AHSSs rolling technologies, and will be a scientific and valuable literature for the metallurgists, engineers, materials scientists, academics and graduate students who are studying and working with AHSSs and their rolling technologies worldwide.

This book focuses on the role of modeling in the design of alloys and intermetallic compounds. It includes an introduction to the most important and most used modeling techniques, such as CALPHAD and ab-initio methods, as well as a section devoted to the latest developments in applications of alloys. The book emphasizes the correlation between modeling and technological developments while discussing topics such as wettability of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics by metals, active brazing of diamonds to metals in cutting tools, surface issues in medicine, novel Fe-based superconductors, metallic glasses, high entropy alloys, and thermoelectric materials.

Magnesium and Its Alloys: Technology and Applications covers a wide scope of topics related to magnesium science and engineering, from manufacturing and production to finishing and applications. This handbook contains thirteen chapters, each contributed by experts in their respective fields, and presents a broad spectrum of new information on pure magnesium, magnesium alloys, and magnesium matrix MgMCs composites. It covers such topics as computational thermodynamics, modern Mg-alloys with enhanced creep or fatigue properties, cutting-edge approaches to melt treating (grain refinement, micro-alloying, and the resulting solidification and growth), coatings, surface engineering, environmental protection (recycling and green energy storage and production), as well as biomedical applications. Aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students, the book conveys comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge on magnesium alloys. It is especially useful to those in the fields of materials engineering, mechanical engineering, manufacturing engineering, and metallurgy.

Superalloys form a class of the structural materials for high-temperature applications. Nickel superalloys are extensively used in the high-temperature components of gas turbines due to their excellent creep, fatigue, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. These materials are considered paramagnetic in the range of working temperatures. This book presents the features of the ternary phase diagrams Ni-Al-X (X = {Co, Fe, Nb, Ti, Cr}), effects of the alloying on the long-range order and mechanical properties of the Ni3 Al-based alloys. Description of the strain-induced ferromagnetism in the Ni3Al-based alloys and magnetic control of the failure of gas turbine blades are also included. A separate section is devoted to the analysis of the vibration process and strength change in the single-crystal gas turbine blades. This book includes the review of the new intermetallic cobalt superalloys. The structure, crystal lattice parameters, orientation relationships between phases, mechanical and magnetic properties of the Co3(Al,W)-based alloys are described. Non-destructive magnetic point control of the martensite content in low-magnetic austenitic alloys is a new method for detection of the local sites with internal stresses. This method is useful for the detection of the residual stress in the critical parts of industrial products. This book may be useful for specialists in material science, first-year postgraduate students taking a class in material science and engineering, and engineers developing new alloys for the gas turbine technology.

The manufacturing industry currently employs a wide variety of welding processes. The main technological process applied in the production of weldments is fusion welding. Presenting the latest research on the topic, Surface Phenomena in Fusion Welding Processes is a cutting-edge and comprehensive book that details the various courses of action that occur during welding procedures. It explains established regularities that are useful in the development of processes; details the formation of defects, allowing for an understanding of the role of surface properties and surface phenomena during the formation of defects; and describes welding in space, elucidating the determination role of surface phenomena in that environment. The text also contains 217 figures, 29 tables, and 336 equations to provide the reader with a better understanding of the various processes. In the development of welding technologies, as well as welding consumables, it is essential to know and to take into account both the surface properties of the applied materials and the surface phenomena that affect the boundaries of contacting phases. Surface Phenomena in Fusion Welding Processes presents this knowledge in a thorough and accessible manner, making it the ideal reference for practical and scientific specialists in the fields of welding and metallurgy.

A technical manual for metal casters with emphasis on local non-ferrous materials rather than imported products.;This introduction to small-scale non-ferrous casting includes step-by-step instructions on how to make equipment using local materials, and provides information on moulding techniques, design and pattern making, core and core mixtures, the use of wax, repairs and welding, cleaning, metal preparation and melting. There is also a chapter on fault finding and remedies.;The book looks at green sand moulding, a technique common in developing countries; and investment casting based on traditional Indian and Italian methods, which is appropriate to engineers and entrepreneurs working in developing countries. A final section contains a guide to kilns and furnaces.;This text should be of interest to metalworkers, engineers and manufacturing entrepreneurs working in rural workshops, or medium-sized engineering businesses in a small town.

This book will be the last one in a series of 4 books issued yearly as a deliverable of the research school established within the European Network of Excellence CMA (for Complex Metallic Alloys). It is written by reputed experts in the fields of metal physics, surface physics and chemistry, metallurgy and process engineering, combining expertise found inside as well as outside the network. The CMA network focuses on the huge group of largely unknown multinary alloys and compounds formed with crystal structures based on giant unit cells containing clusters, with many tens up to more than thousand atoms per unit cell. In these phases, for many phenomena, the physical length scales are substantially smaller than the unit-cell dimension. Hence, these materials offer unique combinations of properties, which are mutually excluded in conventional materials: metallic electric conductivity combined with low thermal conductivity, combination of good light absorption with high-temperature stability, combination of high metallic hardness with reduced wetting by liquids, electrical and thermal resistance tuneable by composition variation, excellent resistance to corrosion, reduced cold-welding and adhesion, enhanced hydrogen storage capacity and light absorption, etc. The series of books will concentrate on: development of fundamental knowledge with the aim of understanding materials phenomena, technologies associated with the production, transformation and processing of knowledge-based multifunctional materials, surface engineering, support for new materials development and new knowledge-based higher performance materials for macro-scale applications.

With a history that reaches back some 90 years, the Hume-Rothery rules were developed to provide guiding principles in the search for new alloys. Ultimately, the rules bridged metallurgy, crystallography, and physics in a way that led to the emergence of a physics of the solid state in 1930s, although the physical implications of the rules were never fully resolved. Even today, despite a revived interest brought about by the 1984 discovery of quasicrystals, much about the rules remains an enigma. Now almost a century after the rules were put forward, Hume-Rothery Rules for Structurally Complex Alloy Phases provides researchers with an insightful and applicable interpretation of the Hume-Rothery electron concentration rule. Invoking first-principle band calculations, the book emphasizes the stability of structurally complex metallic alloys (CMAs).Written by Uichiro Mizutani, long considered the most knowledgeable expert on both the history and science of Hume-Rothery, this seminal worK -- * Offers a unified interpretation of phase stabilization mechanism of CMAs in different classes * Explains how to determine the effective valency of transition metal elements * Details establishment of d-states-mediated-FsBz interactions in strongly orbital-hybridizing systems * Covers the contrast between e/a and VEC, two notions of electron concentration parameters and includes a way to differentiate between them in designing new alloys * Explores strengths and shortcomings for the theory on alloy phase stability * Discusses the latest take on electron concentration for gamma-brass This work summarizes the ongoing history of Hume-Rothery and reflects the theoretical studies that Professor Mizutani embarked upon to gain deeper understanding of the basic physics behind stabilizing effects related to electron concentration. It describes how metallic and covalent bonding styles can be harmonized to stabilize a given phase in relation to electron conc

Metal-Organic Framework Nanocomposites: From Design to Application assembles the latest advances in MOF nanocomposites, emphasizing their design, characterization, manufacturing, and application and offering a wide-ranging view of these materials with exceptional physical and chemical properties. FEATURES Discusses various types of MOF materials, such as polyaniline MOF nanocomposites, magnetic MOF nanocomposites, and carbon nanotube-based MOF nanocomposites Includes chapters on the usage of these materials in pollutant removal, electrochemical devices, photocatalysts, biomedical applications, and other applications Covers different aspects of composite fabrication from energy storage and catalysts, including preparation, design, and characterization techniques Emphasizes the latest technology in the field of manufacturing and design Aimed at researchers, academics, and advanced students in materials science and engineering, this book offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of these extraordinary materials.

The demand for more durable fasteners to extend the life of equipment such as fishing vessels makes this illustrated introduction to hot-dip galvanizing an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of works managers, engineers, government officials and field project officers. Hot-dip galvanizing is a cost-effective method of protecting cast iron or steel components from corrosion by coating them in zinc, thereby increasing the life of nuts, bolts and other items normally exposed to the elements. The first section of this book describes wet, dry and 'old dry' processes of hot-dip galvanizing, including health and safety, principles and benefits, equipment, materials, power supply, maintenance and quality control. The processes are illustrated with flow diagrams and there are tables to compare the relative benefits of the different options. The second section covers the specification and costing for a galvanizing plant once the market requirements have been established and the best method has been selected.

Materials Processing is the first textbook to bring the fundamental concepts of materials processing together in a unified approach that highlights the overlap in scientific and engineering principles. It teaches students the key principles involved in the processing of engineering materials, specifically metals, ceramics and polymers, from starting or raw materials through to the final functional forms. Its self-contained approach is based on the state of matter most central to the shaping of the material: melt, solid, powder, dispersion and solution, and vapor. With this approach, students learn processing fundamentals and appreciate the similarities and differences between the materials classes. The book uses a consistent nomenclature that allow for easier comparisons between various materials and processes. Emphasis is on fundamental principles that gives students a strong foundation for understanding processing and manufacturing methods. Development of connections between processing and structure builds on students' existing knowledge of structure-property relationships. Examples of both standard and newer additive manufacturing methods throughout provide students with an overview of the methods that they will likely encounter in their careers. This book is intended primarily for upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate students in Materials Science and Engineering who are already schooled in the structure and properties of metals, ceramics and polymers, and are ready to apply their knowledge to materials processing. It will also appeal to students from other engineering disciplines who have completed an introductory materials science and engineering course.

Billions of dollars are spent annually for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery, and components. Premature failure of bridges or structures due to corrosion can also result in human injury, loss of life, and collateral damage. Written by an authority in corrosion science, Fundamentals of Corrosion: Mechanisms, Causes, and Preventative Methods comprehensively describes the causes of corrosion-and the means to limit or prevent it. Engineers, designers, architects, and all those involved with the selection of construction materials will relish a reference that provides such a thorough yet basic illustration of the causes, prevention, and control of corrosion. This reference explores: Mechanisms and forms of corrosion Methods of attack on plastic materials Causes of failure in protective coatings, linings, and paints Development of new alloys with corrosion-resistant properties Exposure to the atmosphere is one of the largest problems and biggest causes of corrosion that engineers and designers face in construction. It has been further estimated that the cost of protection against atmospheric corrosion accounts for approximately half the total cost of all corrosion protection methods. This book places special emphasis on atmospheric exposure and presents vital information regarding the design of structures, automobiles, household plumbing, manufacturing equipment, and other entities, as well as the effects of de-icing chemicals on highways and bridges.