This monograph provides a field-proven approach to analyze industrial production with a cross-company scope as well as regarding all hierarchical system levels of manufacturing enterprises. The book exemplifies this approach in the context of aluminum die casting, and presents a set of measures which allow a 30 percent energy reduction along the value chain. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

The study of ancient metals in their social and cultural contexts has been a topic of considerable interest in archaeology and ancient history for decades, partly due to the modern dependence on technology and man-made materials. The formal study of Archaeometallurgy began in the 1970s-1980s, and has seen a recent growth in techniques, data, and theoretical movements.

This comprehensive sourcebook on Archaeometallurgy provides an overview of earlier research as well as a review of modern techniques, written in an approachable way. Covering an extensive range of archaeological time-periods and regions, this volume will be a valuable resource for those studying archaeology worldwide. It provides a clear, straightforward look at the available methodologies, including:

Smelting processes

Slag analysis

Technical Ceramics

Archaeology of Mining and Field Survey

Ethnoarchaeology

Chemical Analysis and Provenance Studies

Conservation Studies

With chapters focused on most geographic regions of Archaeometallurgical inquiry, researchers will find practical applications for metallurgical techniques in any area of their study.

Ben Roberts is a specialist in the early metallurgy and later prehistoric archaeology of Europe. He was the Curator of the European Copper and Bronze Age collections at the British Museum between 2007 and 2012 and is now a Lecturer in Prehistoric Europe in the Department of Archaeology at the Durham University, UK.

Chris Thornton is a specialist in the ancient metallurgy of the Middle East, combining anthropological theory with archaeometrical analysis to understand the development and diffusion of metallurgical technologies throughout Eurasia. He is currently a Consulting Scholar of the University of Pennsylvania Museum, where he received his PhD in 2009, and the Lead Program Officer of research grants at the National Geographic Society."

This volume compiles information from physics, metallurgy, and mechanical and electrical engineering to epitomize the fundamental characteristics of flat rolling steel. Flat Rolling Fundamentals is drawn from in-depth analyses of metal properties and behaviors to technologies in application. The book provides a full characterization of steel, including structure, chemical composition, classifications, physical properties, deformation, and plasticity. The authors present different types of rolling mills and the defining physical analytical parameters.They also discuss the effects of hot rolling on steel and the role of lubrication and thermomechanical treatments to minimize these effects. This book presents qualitative and quantitative advances in cost-effective steel production.

Over the last decade, or so, the growth in the use of adhesives, especially in ever more technically demanding applications, has been rapid and many major developments in the technology of adhesives have been reported. This growth has also led to attention being focused on somewhat more basic studies of the science of adhesion and adhesives, and in recent years our level of fundamental knowledge concerning the formation and mechanical performance of adhesive joints has increased dramatically. Such studies have, of course, been aided greatly by the development of the tools at the disposal of the investigators. For example, specific surface analytical techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, and the increasingly sophisticated methods of stress analysis and fracture mechanics have been put to good use in furthering our understanding of the science of adhesion and adhesives. The present book attempts to review the multidisciplined subject of adhesion and adhesives, considering both the science and technology involved in the formation and mechanical performance of adhesive joints. The author would like to thank his friends and colleagues for useful discus sions and help in the preparation of this book. I am particularly grateful to P. Cawley, J. Comyn, W. A. Lees, A. C. Roulin-Moloney, W. C. Wake, J. G. Williams and R. J. Young who have read and commented on various chapters and P. Farr for preparing the diagrams."

Computational Modeling and Simulations for Designing of Corrosion Inhibitors: Fundamentals and Realistic Applications offers a collection of major advancements in the field of computational modeling for the design and testing of corrosion inhibition effectiveness of organic corrosion inhibitors. This guide presents the latest developments in molecular modeling of organic compounds using computational software, which has emerged as a powerful approach for theoretical determination of corrosion inhibition potentials of organic compounds. The book covers common techniques involved in theoretical studies of corrosion inhibition potentials, and mechanisms such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, artificial neural networks, and quantitative structure-activity relationship.

Ductility and Formability of Metals: A Metallurgical Engineering Perspective uses metallurgical, mechanical and physical principles and concepts to explain ductility while emphasizing the influence of material microstructure on damage mechanisms. Focusing on steel, aluminum, copper, titanium and magnesium alloys, the book examines the strain hardening behaviors of these metals and alloys, the influence of strain rate and temperature, and ductile fracture mechanics. Hot plastic deformation is covered with special consideration given to its interplay with recrystallization phenomena. Other phenomena such as Dynamic Strain Ageing (DSA) and Adiabatic Shear Banding (ASB) are discussed, and metal working applications such as forging, extrusion and machining are included throughout. Methods for control of ductile cracks in metal parts resulting from rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, and sheet metal forming are also outlined.

This book presents the physico-technical basis and current state of the technology of boronized layers. Special attention is given to the layer structure and morphology of allocated phases and distributions in a superficial zone of chemical compounds. Two- and multi-component phases of alloys and diffusion processes in a self-organizing mode are discussed. Surface hardening by boronizing increases the life time of mechanical tools. This is important for the mining industry, agriculture, textile and chemical industry. The book is important for thermochemical treatment and surface hardening of metals and alloys.

Reflecting hands-on experience of materials, equipment, tooling and processes used in the industry, this work provides up-to-date information on flat-rolled sheet metal products. It addresses the processing and forming of light-to-medium-gauge flat-rolled sheet metal, illustrating the versatility and myriad uses of this material.

This book presents an overview of the characterization of electronic waste. In addition, processing techniques for the recovery of metals, polymers and ceramics are described. This book serves as a source of information and as an educational technical reference for practicing scientists and engineers, as well as for students.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The authors summarize key properties of HEAs from the perspective of both fundamental understanding and applications, which are supported by in-depth analyses. The book also contains computational modeling in tackling HEAs, which help elucidate the formation mechanisms and properties of HEAs from various length and time scales.

The spread of modern coating technology is impeded by the slow development of the special methods of evaluating their stucture and properties. Most publications consider only the technological aspects of the modern coating methods. This, combined with a lack of a well-grounded scientific analysis of the investigation results, not only thwarts the possibility for improving the coating modes, but also can compromise a clearly progressive technology. This book can be viewed as a scientific investigation combined with methodological studies. For practical reasons each of the methods is described in the following general manner including: the uses and the scientific investigation tasks; methods of sampling; testing equipment; test preparation; tests; data processing; controversial issues and conclusions. Each of the 37 methods contains a range of 1 to 8 variants. As far as we know, the book is the first publication in the field.

From the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steve Zinkle (ORNL), and with a contributor board drawn exclusively from the leaders of each alloy discipline, "Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications" instructs the current and next generations of researchers and industry staff on the behavior of steels and nickel-base alloys for nuclear energy applications. The book covers phenomenon including fatigue, deformation, and embrittlement, as well as materials topics such as advanced ODS steels, RAFM steels for fusion, computational design of nuclear structural materials, and much more.

Distilling valuable archival information for international researchers in the field of radiation effects on structural materials, this full-color reference is a critical resource for graduate students and institutional staff at this time of pivotal change in the nuclear industry.
Cross-referencing of critical phenomena marries generality of phenomena (e.g., void swelling) to specific material or applicationHundreds of citations provide references for further readingMore than 140 full-color figures, graphs, and sidebars

The revised edition of this important reference volume presents an expanded overview of the analytical and numerical approaches employed when exploring and developing modern laser materials processing techniques. The book shows how general principles can be used to obtain insight into laser processes, whether derived from fundamental physical theory or from direct observation of experimental results. The book gives readers an understanding of the strengths and limitations of simple numerical and analytical models that can then be used as the starting-point for more elaborate models of specific practical, theoretical or commercial value. Following an introduction to the mathematical formulation of some relevant classes of physical ideas, the core of the book consists of chapters addressing key applications in detail: cutting, keyhole welding, drilling, arc and hybrid laser-arc welding, hardening, cladding and forming. The second edition includes a new a chapter on glass cutting with lasers, as employed in the display industry. A further addition is a chapter on meta-modelling, whose purpose is to construct fast, simple and reliable models based on appropriate sources of information. It then makes it easy to explore data visually and is a convenient interactive tool for scientists to improve the quality of their models and for developers when designing their processes. As in the first edition, the book ends with an updated introduction to comprehensive numerical simulation. Although the book focuses on laser interactions with materials, many of the principles and methods explored can be applied to thermal modelling in a variety of different fields and at different power levels. It is aimed principally however at academic and industrial researchers and developers in the field of laser technology.

Analyzes the extensive experimental and theoretical results on the phase composition, structure and properties of aluminium alloys containing scandium. The text studies the effects of scadium on these properties from a physico-chemical viewpoint. The authors present binary, ternary and more complex phase diagrams for these alloys and consider in detail recrystallization, superplastic behaviour and decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions and the effects of solidification conditions on phase equilibria. The microstructure stability for aluminium alloys containing scandium is estimated, based on a quantitative analysis of the alloys structure and properties. The realtion between the structure and properties of alloys with differing phase compositions, and tha acting hardening mechanisms are discussed. The authors also give some practical recommendations for alloying aluminium alloys with scandium. The experimental results presented in this book have provided a basis for the development of commercial aluminium alloys for a wide range of industrial applications.

Micro Metal Forming, i. e. forming of parts and features with dimensions below 1 mm, is a young area of research in the wide field of metal forming technologies, expanding the limits for applying metal forming towards micro technology. The essential challenges arise from the reduced geometrical size and the increased lot size. In order to enable potential users to apply micro metal forming in production, information about the following topics are given: tribological behavior: friction between tool and work piece as well as tool wearmechanical behavior: strength and formability of the work piece material, durability of the work pieces size effects: basic description of effects occurring due to the fact, that the quantitative relation between different features changes with decreasing size process windows and limits for forming processestool making methodsnumerical modeling of processes and process chainsquality assurance and metrology

All topics are discussed with respect to the questions relevant to micro metal forming. The description comprises information from actual research and the young history of this technology branch to be used by students, scientists and engineers in industry who already have a background in metal forming and like to expand their knowledge towards miniaturization. tribological behavior: friction between tool and work piece as well as tool wearmechanical behavior: strength and formability of the work piece material, durability of the work pieces size effects: basic description of effects occurring due to the fact, that the quantitative relation between different features changes with decreasing size process windows and limits for forming processestool making methodsnumerical modeling of processes and process chainsquality assurance and metrology

All topics are discussed with respect to the questions relevant to micro metal forming. The description comprises information from actual research and the young history of this technology branch to be used by students, scientists and engineers in industry who already have a background in metal forming and like to expand their knowledge towards miniaturization.

This is the fifth edition of the highly successful work first published in 1968, comprising two definitive volumes on particle characterisation. The first volume is devoted to sampling and particle size measurement, while surface area and pore size determination are reviewed in volume 2. Particle size and characterisation are central to understanding powder properties and behaviour. This book describes numerous potential measuring devices, how they operate and their advantages and disadvantages. It comprise a fully comprehensive treatise on the wide range of available equipment with an extensive literature survey, and a list of manufacturers and suppliers. The author's blend of academic and industrial experience results in a readable technical book with information on how to analyse, present, and extract useful information from data. This is an essential reference book for both industrial and academic research workers in a variety of areas including: pharmaceuticals, food science, pollution analysis and control, electronic materials, agricultural products, polymers, pigments and chemicals.

Presents all the main aspects of the microstructure of nickel-base superalloys, and includes micrographs chosen from among a large range of commercial and academic alloys, from the as-cast product to in-situ components, worn from in-service use. Including more than 100 illustrations, the text explains all the transformation mechanisms involved in the origination (creation) of microstructures during solidification or heat treatments (crystallization paths, segregation, crystal orientation, precipitation, TCP, coarsening and rafting, etc.). It includes up-to-date information and data such as phase diagrams, crystallographic structures, and relationships with functional properties. Nearly 300 references provide a key to further investigation.

Bulk metallic glasses are a new emerging field of materials with many desirable and unique properties. These amorphous materials have many diverse applications from structural applications to biomedical implants. This book provides a complete overview of bulk metallic glasses. It covers the principles of alloy design, glass formation, processing, atomistic modeling, computer simulations, mechanical properties and microstructures.

Electrocorrosion and Protection of Metals, Second Edition, compiles theoretical and practical information, outlines the specific problem, and presents the available solutions related to corrosion by external currents. Basic data on the behavior of different metals under the attack of anodic, cathodic, direct and alternating currents is considered, as are the problems of electrocorrosion-from the identification of corrosion damage and detection of the external current sources, to the selection of optimal means and methods of mitigation, monitoring and protection of different metallic structures and structures of reinforced concrete. This book includes comprehensive information and provides necessary links to more detailed, original sources, thus enabling users to solve either general or particular problems of electrocorrosion and protection of metals.

EPD Congress is an annual collection that addresses extraction and processing metallurgy. The papers in this book are drawn from symposia held at the 2015 Annual Meeting of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. The 2015 edition includes papers from the following symposia: *Materials Processing Fundamentals *Solar Cell Silicon *High-Temperature Electrochemistry II

This book collects 42 peer-reviewed papers presented in the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation, held in Donetsk, Ukraine, September 22-24, 2004.

Recently, it was reported that nanostructured materials processed under high pressure by HPT and ECAP have an extraordinary combination of both high strength and high ductility, which are two desirable, but rarely co-existing properties. These findings indicate that high-pressure is a critical factor that can be employed to process nanostructured materials with superior mechanical, and possibly also physical, properties. It is the objective of this workshop to review our current knowledge, identify issues for future research, and discuss future directions on the processing and properties of nanostructured materials via SPD techniques, with a special emphasis on high-pressure effects.

During the 3-day workshop, about 60 scientists from 12 countries presented 60 papers. Over 20 keynote presentations were given by distinguished scientists in this field. Papers in this book cover areas of high pressure effect on the nanostructure and properties of SPD-processed materials, fundamentals of nanostructured materials, development of high-pressure SPD technologies for commercializations, recent advances of SPD technologies as well as applications and future markets of SPD-processed nanostructured materials

This work describes the different operational regimes and the dominant mechanisms of flows in disperse systems.

The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.

This volume details the principles underlying rapid solidification processing, material structure and properties, and their applications. This practical resource presents a manifold approach to both amorphous and crystalline rapidly solidified metallic alloys.;Written by over 30 internationally acclaimed specialists in their respective fields, Rapidly Solidified Alloys: surveys nucleation and growth studies in undercooled melts; examines various processes for the production of rapidly solidified alloys; discusses the compaction of amorphous alloys; describes surface remelting treatments for the rapid solidification of surface layers and the resultant improved workpiece properties; covers the closely related topics of structural relaxation, atomic transport and other thermally induced processes; demonstrates microstructure-property relationships in rapidly quenched crystalline alloy systems and their beneficial effects in applications; and elucidates the basic, engineeering, and applications-oriented magnetic properties of amorphous alloys.;Furnishing more than 2300 literature citations for further study of specific subjects, Rapidly Solidified Alloys is intended for materials, mechanical, product, and civil engineers; metallurgists; magneticians; physicists; physical chemists; and graduate students in these disciplines.