Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion.

This book addresses the background and significance of the factors potentially influencing the clinical and biological outcomes of metal-on-metal hip implants.Metal-on-metal bearings were introduced and evaluated as an alternative to other bearing couples, particularly metal-on-polyethylene, due to their enhanced wear resistance as determined in laboratory testing.Initially, reports of short-term clinical outcomes were favorable and an increasing number of metal-on-metal prostheses were implanted. Subsequently, isolated case findings describing adverse tissue responses around the articulation became the harbinger of an increasing number of reports describing pseudotumors and other significant lymphocytic-based responses associated with metal-on-metal prostheses. Questions have been raised as to whether this is an implant, design, or patient-specific response. The reasons why some patients have a negative biological response and pathology while others do not remain to be determined, but tens of thousands of patients in the US, the UK, and around the world are considered to be at risk. Leading researchers and clinicians describe the issues related to the nature of the biological and pathological responses and the protocols that should be followed to determine if an adverse response is occurring. This book is essential reading for researchers, engineers, and orthopaedic surgeons who are involved in the design, evaluation, and implantation of metal-on-metal prostheses."

This book presents comprehensive experimental, numerical, and theoretical research on projectile impact analysis, such as the rigid projectile penetration/perforation of concrete and metallic targets, and shaped-charge-formed projectile and jet penetrations. Concrete and metal materials are widely used in protective structures in both civil engineering and armored vehicles, such as military fortifications, underground shelters, infantry fighting vehicles, and tanks, which are designed to withstand intentional or accidental impact loadings caused by projectiles and fragments, and the responses of these targets under projectile impact have been a topic of discussion for several decades. Written for researchers and engineers working in the fields of protective structures and high-speed penetration mechanics, the book is also a valuable reference for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students majoring in defense engineering, terminal ballistics and other related fields.

This book presents the scientific principles, processing conditions, probable failure mechanisms, and a description of reliability performance and equipment required for implementing high-temperature and lead-free die attach materials. In particular, it addresses the use of solder alloys, silver and copper sintering, and transient liquid-phase sintering. While different solder alloys have been used widely in the microelectronics industry, the implementation of sintering silver and transient liquid-phase sintering remains limited to a handful of companies. Hence, the book devotes many chapters to sintering technologies, while simultaneously providing only a cursory coverage of the more widespread techniques employing solder alloys. Addresses the differences between sintering and soldering (the current die-attach technologies), thereby comprehensively addressing principles, methods, and performance of these high-temperature die-attach materials; Emphasizes the industrial perspective, with chapters written by engineers who have hands-on experience using these technologies; Baker Hughes, Bosch and ON Semiconductor, are represented as well as materials suppliers such as Indium; Simultaneously provides the detailed science underlying these technologies by leading academic researchers in the field.

This book provides background and guidance on the use of the structural hot-spot stress approach to fatigue analysis. The book also offers Design S-N curves for use with the structural hot-spot stress for a range of weld details, and presents parametric formulas for calculating stress increases due to misalignment and structural discontinuities. Highlighting the extension to structures fabricated from plates and non-tubular sections. The structural hot-spot stress approach focuses on cases of potential fatigue cracking from the weld toe and it has been in use for many years in tubular joints. Following an explanation of the structural hot-spot stress, its definition and its relevance to fatigue, the book describes methods for its determination. It considers stress determination from both finite element analysis and strain gauge measurements, and emphasizes the use of finite element stress analysis, providing guidance on the choice of element type and size for use with either solid or shell elements. Lastly, it illustrates the use of the recommendations in four case studies involving the fatigue assessment of welded structures using the structural hot-spot stress

The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science. The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics. Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned. Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students

This book collects several examples of research in machining processes. Chapter 1 provides information on polycrystalline diamond tool material and its emerging applications. Chapter 2 is dedicated to the analysis of orthogonal cutting experiments using diamond-coated tools with force and temperature measurements. Chapter 3 describes the estimation of cutting forces and tool wear using modified mechanistic models in high performance turning. Chapter 4 contains information on cutting under gas shields for industrial applications. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the machinability of magnesium and its alloys. Chapter 6 provides information on grinding science. Finally, chapter 7 is dedicated to flexible integration of shape and functional modelling of machine tool spindles in a design framework.

Micro-machining is an advanced manufacturing technique of growing importance, and adoption of micro-machining using electrochemical discharges (Micro-ECDM) has increased steadily in recent years. Among new developments is the interest of industry in Micro-ECDM. However, the potential of the technology is not being fully utilized and there is no comprehensive reference book available today covering it. Micromachining Using Electrochemical Discharge Phenomenon, Second Edition fills this gap. It is unique in its detailed coverage of all aspects of the Micro-ECDM process, as well as Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE). As such, it covers technologies such as chemical etching, micro-drilling, and other material removal mechanisms, high aspect ratio machining, design and construction of the machining apparatus, and a wide range of applications. The new edition compares Micro-ECDM and SACE with other micromachining technologies such as laser machining and traditional EDM. ECDM is used for machining of electrically non-conductive materials. Micro-ECDM/SACE is mainly applied to glass and the book focuses on glass, but the authors also present new results on other materials such as ceramics. In addition, techniques to modify material properties for the machining process are explained. The authors discuss machining strategies including the latest developments in micro-texturing of glass micro-channels and reports on developments in controlling and analysis aspects of machining. This book is a unique reference for engineers and industrial researchers involved in development, design and use of micromachining, chemical micro-drilling or chemical engraving techniques and equipment.

Underground pipelines transporting liquid petroleum products and natural gas are critical components of civil infrastructure, making corrosion prevention an essential part of asset-protection strategy. "Underground Pipeline Corrosion" provides a basic understanding of the problems associated with corrosion detection and mitigation, and of the state of the art in corrosion prevention.

The topics covered in part one include: basic principles for corrosion in underground pipelines, AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines, significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines, numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines, and use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines. The methods described in part two for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines include: magnetic flux leakage, close interval potential surveys (CIS/CIPS), Pearson surveys, in-line inspection, and use of both electrochemical and optical probes. While the emphasis is on pipelines transporting fossil fuels, the concepts apply as well to metallic pipes for delivery of water and other liquids.

"Underground Pipeline Corrosion" is a comprehensive resource for corrosion, materials, chemical, petroleum, and civil engineers constructing or managing both onshore and offshore pipeline assets; professionals in steel and coating companies; and academic researchers and professors with an interest in corrosion and pipeline engineering.
Reviews the causes and considers the detection and prevention of corrosion to underground pipesAddresses a lack of current, readily available information on the subjectCase studies demonstrate how corrosion is managed in the underground pipeline industry

This book summarizes the author's lifetime achievements, offering new perspectives and approaches in the field of metal cutting theory and its applications. The topics discussed include Non-Euclidian Geometry of Cutting Tools, Non-free Cutting Mechanics and Non-Linear Machine Tool Dynamics, applying non-linear science/complexity to machining, and all the achievements and their practical significance have been theoretically proved and experimentally verified.

This edited volume examines metallurgical technologies and their place in society throughout the centuries. The authors discuss metal alloys and the use of raw mineral resources as well as fabrication of engineered alloys for a variety of applications. The applications covered in depth include financial, mining and smelting, bridges, armor, aircraft, and power generation. The authors detail the multiple levels and scales of impact that metallurgical advances have had and continue to have on society. They include case studies with guidance for future research design and innovation of metallic materials relevant to societal needs. Includes case studies written by industry professionals with guidance for future research design and innovation; Demonstrates metal materials design that reflects relevant societal needs; Covers a broad range of applied materials used in aircraft, armor, bridges, and power generation, among others.

This book discusses the intelligent optimization and control of complex metallurgical processes, including intelligent optimization and control of raw-material proportioning processes, coking process, and reheating furnaces; intelligent control of thermal state parameters in sintering processes; and intelligent decoupling control of gas collection and mixing-and-pressurization processes. The intelligent control and optimization methods presented were originally applied to complex metallurgical processes by the authors, and their effectiveness and their advantages have been theoretically proven and demonstrated practically. This book offers an up-to-date overview of this active research area, and provides readers with state-of-the-art methods for the control of complex metallurgical processes.

This multi-author contributed volume contains chapters featuring the development of the DV-X method and its application to a variety of problems in Materials Science and Spectroscopy written by leaders of the respective fields. The volume contains a Foreword written by the Chairs of Japanese and Korea DV-X alpha Societies. This book is aimed at individuals working in Quantum Chemistry.

This book is a compilation of the recent progress on friction stir technologies including high-temperature applications, industrial applications, dissimilar alloy/materials, lightweight alloys, simulation, control, characterization, and derivative technologies. The volume offers a current look at friction stir welding technology from application to characterization and from modeling to R&D. Contributions document advances in application, controls, and simulation of the friction stir process to aid researchers in seeing the current state-of-the-art.

This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry has contributions from significant individuals in electrochemistry. This 7 chapter book discusses electrodeposition and the characterization of alloys and composite materials, the mechanistic aspects of lead electrodeposition, electrophoretic deposition of ceramic materials onto metal surfaces and the fundamentals of metal oxides for energy conversion and storage technologies. This volume also has a chapter devoted to the anodization of aluminum, electrochemical aspects of chemical and mechanical polishing, and surface treatments prior to metallization of semiconductors, ceramics, and polymers. This volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is ideal for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students interested in the latest findings in the field of electrodeposition and surface finishing.

Consolidates information developed by industry and government laboratories on dust control engineering techniques. Designed for the minerals processing industry, the technology applies to other industries as well. Dust, its prevention, formation and control are examined, including wet and dry control systems, personal protection, and testing methods.

This book introduces the fascinating world of plasmonics and physics at the nanoscale, with a focus on simulations and the theoretical aspects of optics and nanotechnology. A research field with numerous applications, plasmonics bridges the gap between the micrometer length scale of light and the secrets of the nanoworld. This is achieved by binding light to charge density oscillations of metallic nanostructures, so-called surface plasmons, which allow electromagnetic radiation to be focussed down to spots as small as a few nanometers. The book is a snapshot of recent and ongoing research and at the same time outlines our present understanding of the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, ranging from the tunability of plasmonic resonances to the ultrafast dynamics of light-matter interaction. Beginning with a gentle introduction that highlights the basics of plasmonic interactions and plasmon imaging, the author then presents a suitable theoretical framework for the description of metallic nanostructures. This model based on this framework is first solved analytically for simple systems, and subsequently through numerical simulations for more general cases where, for example, surface roughness, nonlinear and nonlocal effects or metamaterials are investigated.

This book covers several aspects of the synthesis of composites by the pressureless infiltration technique. It describes the methods used to obtain green preforms, such as cold pressed and hot sintering, describing the heating time, load, and time required for pressing the preforms. Additionally, wettability phenomena, which is directly related on infiltration, is extensively described. Wettability process and interfacial reactions are analyzed in many ceramic-metal systems prior to fabricate the composites. A complete description of fabrication processes for Metal Matrix Composites is included. An extensive section on structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization of composites fabricated with aluminum and magnesium alloys as matrices reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC), aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) is included. Relevant techniques for joining composites, such as welding and brazing are addressed. As well as issues pertaining to the corrosion and wear of composites are discussed as well. Corrosion behavior of some composites exposed to aqueous media was analyzed. Corrosion of composites using TiC and SiC like reinforcement and Al, Ni, and some Al-Cux, Al-Mgx and Al-Cu-Li alloys like matrix is discussed extensively. The structural characterization techniques addressed include: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical microscopy (OM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Mechanical testing including hardness, elastic modulus, tension tests, and impact tests were used in the characterization of composites. Theoretical models for prediction of some mechanical properties are included too.

"Nanoalloys: From Fundamentals to Emergent Applications" presents and discusses the major topics related to nanoalloys at a time when the literature on the subject remains scarce. Particular attention is paid to experimental and theoretical aspects under the form of broad reviews covering the most recent developments. The book is organized into11 chapters covering the most fundamental aspects of nanoalloys related to their synthesis and characterization, as well as their theoretical study. Aspects related to their thermodynamics and kinetics are covered as well. The coverage then moves to more specific topics, including optics, magnetism and catalysis, and finally to biomedical applications and the technologically relevant issue of self-assembly.

With no current single reference source on the subject, the work is invaluable for researchers as the nanoscience field moves swiftly to full monetization.
Encapsulates physical science of structure, properties, size, composition and ordering at nanoscale, aiding synthesis of experimentation and modellingMulti-expert and interdisciplinary perspectives on growth, synthesis and characterization of bimetallic clusters and particulates supports expansion of your current research activity into applications Synthesizes concepts and draws links between fundamental metallurgy and cutting edge nanoscience, aiding interdisciplinary research activity"

This book describes the newest achievements in the area of electrochemically and chemically deposited metals and alloys. In particular, the book is devoted to the surface morphology of deposited metals and alloys. It contains an in-depth analysis of the influence of the parameters of electrodeposition or chemical deposition of metals and alloys, which will likely lead to technological advances in industrial settings world-wide. Professionals in electrometallurgical and electroplating plants will find the book indispensable. This book will also be useful in the automotive, aerospace, electronics, energy device and biomedical industries. In academia, researchers in electrodeposition at both undergraduate and graduate levels will find this book a very valuable resource for their courses and projects.

Guiding readers from the significance, history, and sources of materials to advanced materials and processes, this textbook looks at the production and primary processing of inorganic materials, such as ceramics, metals, silicon, and some composite materials. The text encourages instructors to teach the production of all types of inorganic materials as one. While recognizing the differences between producing various types of materials, the authors focus on the commonality of thermodynamics, kinetics, transport phenomena, phase equilibria and transformation, process engineering, and surface chemistry to all inorganic materials. The text focuses on fundamentals and how fundamentals can be applied to understand how the major inorganic materials are produced and the initial stages of their processing. Understanding of these fundamentals will equip students for engineering future processes for producing materials or for studying the processing of the many less common materials not examined in this text. The text is intended for use in an undergraduate course at the junior or senior level, but will also serve as a useful introductory and reference work for graduate students and practicing scientists and engineers.

This book presents a state-of-the-art summary and critical analysis of work recently performed in leading research laboratories around the world on the implementation of metal oxide nanomaterial research methodologies for the discovery and optimization of new sensor materials and sensing systems. The book provides a detailed description and analysis of (i) metal oxide nanomaterial sensing principles, (ii) advances in metal oxide nanomaterial synthesis/deposition methods, including colloidal, emulsification, and vapor processing techniques, (iii) analysis of techniques utilized for the development of low temperature metal oxide nanomaterial sensors, thus enabling a broader impact into sensor applications, (iv) advances, challenges and insights gained from the in situ/ex situ analysis of reaction mechanisms, and (v) technical development and integration challenges in the fabrication of sensing arrays and devices.

Uranium Processing and Properties describes developments in uranium science, engineering and processing and covers a broad spectrum of topics and applications in which these technologies are harnessed. This book offers the most up-to-date knowledge on emerging nuclear technologies and applications while also covering new and established practices for working with uranium supplies. The book also aims to provide insights into current research and processing technology developments in order to stimulate and motivate innovation among readers. Topics covered include casting technology, plate and sheet rolling, machining of uranium and uranium alloys, forming and fabrication techniques, corrosion kinetics, nondestructive evaluation and thermal modeling.

This book provides best-practice guidance and practical recommendations on the use of numerical simulation for probability of detection (POD) curve estimation in the study of non-destructive testing reliability. It focuses on ultrasonic testing (UT) weld inspection but many of the principles can be applied to a broader range of techniques and situations. The first part lists and briefly describes the principal documents that establish the recommended statistical framework adapted for POD curve estimation. It also presents the most important initiatives on the model assisted probability of detection (MAPOD) approach in recent years. The second part provides details of the advantages and limitations of the simulation in this context. The third part then describes the prerequisites for the use of simulation (validation of the software, expertise of the user), and the fourth and main part offers the methodology and guidance as well as possible applications for using POD curves determined using simulation.