The title presents an up-to-date account of the research, development, and applications of metallic alloys, recent research into the structure of charge materials, melt treatment, and casting technologies, and their influence on the properties of melts and ingots. This research has confirmed theoretical concepts about the microheterogenous constitution of metallic melts and has made it possible to manage the quality of castings and ingots of various alloys by their special treatment in the liquid state. The four chapters of the book give theoretical and experimental evidence of the effect of the melt constitution on the structure and properties of the solid metal. Liquid Metal Processing: Applications to Aluminium Alloy Production considers common features of structure formation in aluminium alloys for a wide range of solidification conditions, including ultrasonic and thermal melt treatments and discusses the technological problems of these treatments.

A teaching tool intended to complement existing books on the theory of materials science, metallurgy, and electron microscopy, this text focuses on metals and alloys. It visualizes key structural elements common to crystalline materials, including crystal lattice imperfections, along with the principles and steps involved in the microstructure development in metallic materials under external influences. Designed as an atlas, Microstructure of Metals and Alloys contains a collection of carefully selected original transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs taken by the authors. These images demonstrate typical crystal lattice defects, elements of the microstructure of metals and alloys, and the basic processes occurring to the crystal structure during plastic deformation, polygonization, recrystallization, and rapid solidification. The book is organized into six chapters. Each deals with a particular problem in the field of physical metallurgy, and begins with a description of the basic concept and terms. These descriptions enable readers to achieve a better understanding of the essential issues relevant to specific challenges. Providing comprehensive, illustrative coverage of the basic topics in materials science, this important work emphasizes fundamental principles over specific materials, in a manner that is fully consistent with the contemporary tendency in materials science teaching.

This volume reveals the behaviour and design of cold-formed steel structures, connections and systems. It describes the AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members published in July 2000, which governs the design of all cold-formed steel frames, including roof, wall and racking systems, and cold-formed steel residential construction in the USA. The text offers worked examples which can be programmed using MATHCAD or EXCEL.

This book surveys the broad field of mechanical alloying from a scientific and technological perspective to form a timely and comprehensive resource valuable to both students and researchers. The treatment progresses from the historical background through a description of the process, the different metastable effects produced, and the mechanisms of phase formation to applications of mechanically alloyed products. The presentation is straightforward and easy to understand but does not compromise the scientific accuracy. It includes an unusually extensive listing of the results of different metastable effects obtained in various alloy systems along with thorough references in each chapter.

This practical reference/text provides a thorough overview of cost estimating as applied to various manufacturing industries, with special emphasis on metal manufacturing concerns. It presents examples and study problems illustrating potential applications and the techniques involved in estimating costs.;Containing both US and metric units for easy conversion of world-wide manufacturing data, Estimating and Costing for the Metal Manufacturing Industries: outlines professional societies and publications dealing with cost estimating and cost analysis; details the four basic metalworking processes - machining, casting, forming, and joining; reveals five techniques for capital cost estimating, including the new AACE International's Recommended Practice 16R-90 and the new knowledge and experience method; discusses the effect of scrap rates and operation costs upon unit costs; offers four formula methods for conceptual cost estimating and examines material-design-cost relationships; describes cost indexes, cost capacity factors, multiple-improvement curves, and facility cost estimation techniques; offers a generalized metal cutting economics model for comparison with traditional economic models; and more.;Estimating and Costing for the Metal Manufacturing Industries serves as an on-the-job, single-source reference for cost, manufacturing, and industrial engineers and as a text for upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students in cost estimating, engineering economics, and production operations courses.;A Solutions manual to the end-of-chapter problems is available free of charge to instructors only. Requests for the manual must be made on official school stationery.

The book briefly describes the structure, properties and applications of various grades of steel, primarily aimed at non-metallurgical students from other engineering streams. The book consists of nine chapters covering most of the important types of steels and their physical metallurgy, microstructure and engineering applications including iron-carbon diagram, heat treatment, surface hardening methods, effect of alloying, specific applications, selection of materials, case studies and so forth. The book also contains subjective and objective questions aimed at exam preparation. Key Features Exclusive title aimed at introduction to steels for non-metallurgy audience Includes microstructure, composition, and properties of all the most commonly used steels Describes the heat treatments and the required alloying additions to process steel for the intended applications Discusses effects of alloying elements on steel Explores development of steels for specialized areas such as the automobile, aerospace, and nuclear industries

A technical manual for metal casters with emphasis on local non-ferrous materials rather than imported products.;This introduction to small-scale non-ferrous casting includes step-by-step instructions on how to make equipment using local materials, and provides information on moulding techniques, design and pattern making, core and core mixtures, the use of wax, repairs and welding, cleaning, metal preparation and melting. There is also a chapter on fault finding and remedies.;The book looks at green sand moulding, a technique common in developing countries; and investment casting based on traditional Indian and Italian methods, which is appropriate to engineers and entrepreneurs working in developing countries. A final section contains a guide to kilns and furnaces.;This text should be of interest to metalworkers, engineers and manufacturing entrepreneurs working in rural workshops, or medium-sized engineering businesses in a small town.

In the past twenty years, new experimental approaches, improved models and progress in simulation techniques brought new insights into long-standing issues concerning dislocation-based plasticity in crystalline materials. During this period, three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations appeared and reached maturity. Their objectives are to unravel the relation between individual and collective dislocation processes at the mesoscale, to establish connections with atom-scale studies of dislocation core properties and to bridge, in combination with modelling, the gap between defect properties and phenomenological continuum models for plastic flow. Dislocation dynamics simulations are becoming accessible to a wide range of users. This book presents to students and researchers in materials science and mechanical engineering a comprehensive coverage of the physical body of knowledge on which they are based. It includes classical studies, which are too often ignored, recent experimental and theoretical advances, as well as a discussion of selected applications on various topics.

The demand for more durable fasteners to extend the life of equipment such as fishing vessels makes this illustrated introduction to hot-dip galvanizing an invaluable addition to the bookshelves of works managers, engineers, government officials and field project officers. Hot-dip galvanizing is a cost-effective method of protecting cast iron or steel components from corrosion by coating them in zinc, thereby increasing the life of nuts, bolts and other items normally exposed to the elements. The first section of this book describes wet, dry and 'old dry' processes of hot-dip galvanizing, including health and safety, principles and benefits, equipment, materials, power supply, maintenance and quality control. The processes are illustrated with flow diagrams and there are tables to compare the relative benefits of the different options. The second section covers the specification and costing for a galvanizing plant once the market requirements have been established and the best method has been selected.

1) Employs proven and recognised findings using case studies and industry experience 2) Provides contributions from outstanding researchers within the field 3) Makes use of the latest research outcomes 4) Aids engineers in meeting consumer demand alongside industry regulations 5) Uses a practical approach to give clear and comprehensive examples

Covers different testing techniques used in quasi static and dynamic material characterization of cellular materials. Discusses additive manufacturing techniques for lattice specimen fabrication. Analyzes different finite element modeling techniques for quasi static and dynamic loading conditions. Presents a comparison and development of a phenomenological material model for use in computational analysis at various loading rates. Explores impact stress wave analysis under high velocity loading.

This book gives an overview of all the gold extraction processes along with their mechanistic study and environmental impact. Reviews extraction techniques previously employed as well as recently evolved technology for gold leaching, provides technical flow sheets for processing of ores with a diversity of lixiviants and offers a compulsory overview of every gold processing technique It also discusses recent integrated techniques including hydro- and bio-metallurgical techniques with examples

Finally, in a single volume, a reference that presents engineering-level information on press-working sheet metal, die design, and die manufacturing " Concentrating on simple, practical methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for anyone looking for detailed information about die design and the manufacture of stamping dies, particularly practicing die designers, press engineers, tool and die maintenance technicians, students of die design, and advanced apprentice die makers. Features

Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals is a compendium of the most recent information available on the effects of trace metals in soil quality and its potential threat on the transfer of these contaminants to consumers. Most of the chapters in the book were presented as papers during the First International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements (formerly Metals in Soils, Plants, Waters, and Animals) held in Orlando, Florida in May, 1990. Topics discussed include background levels of metals in soils and/or plants (covering western Europe; temperate, humid Europe; and the People's Republic of China); metal cycling and transfer in the food chain in agroecosystems; uptake and accumulation of metals by bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates; mechanistic aspects of metals; the microbial aspects of soil selenium losses; and manganese sorption on soil constituents.

Updated to include recent results from intensive worldwide research efforts in materials science, surface science, and corrosion science, Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice, Third Edition explores the latest advances in corrosion and protection mechanisms. It presents a detailed account of the chemical and electrochemical surface reactions that govern corrosion as well as the link between microscopic forces and macroscopic behavior. Revised and expanded, this edition includes four new chapters on corrosion fundamentals, the passivity of metals, high temperature corrosion, and the corrosion of aluminum alloys. The first half of the book covers basic aspects of corrosion, such as entry of hydrogen into metals, anodic dissolution, localized corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and corrosion fatigue. Connecting the theoretical aspects of corrosion mechanisms to practical applications in industry, the second half of the text discusses corrosion inhibition, atmospheric corrosion, microbially induced corrosion, corrosion in nuclear systems, corrosion of microelectronic and magnetic data-storage devices, and organic coatings. With contributions from leading academic and industrial researchers, this bestselling book continues to provide a thorough understanding of corrosion mechanisms-helping you solve existing corrosion challenges and prevent future problems.

A comprehensive treatise on the hot working of aluminum and its alloys, Hot Deformation and Processing of Aluminum Alloys details the possible microstructural developments that can occur with hot deformation of various alloys, as well as the kind of mechanical properties that can be anticipated. The authors take great care to explain and differentiate hot working in the context of other elevated temperature phenomena, such as creep, superplasticity, cold working, and annealing. They also pay particular attention to the fundamental mechanisms of aluminum plasticity at hot working temperatures. Using extensive analysis derived from polarized light optical microscopy (POM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron-microscopy with electron backscatter imaging (SEM-EBSD), and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), the authors examine those microstructures that evolve in torsion, compression, extrusion, and rolling. Further microstructural analysis leads to detailed explanations of dynamic recovery (DRV), static recovery (SRV), discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (dDRX), discontinuous static recrystallization (dSRX), grain defining dynamic recovery (gDRV) (formerly geometric dynamic recrystallization, or gDRX), and continuous dynamic recrystallization involving both a single phase (cDRX/1-phase) and multiple phases (cDRX/2-phase). A companion to other works that focus on modeling, manufacturing involving plastic and superplastic deformation, and control of texture and phase transformations, this book provides thorough explanations of microstructural development to lay the foundation for further study of the mechanisms of thermomechanical processes and their application.

What makes this book unique is a specific focus on aluminum recovery, rather than just recycling in general. It also offers an integrated discussion of scrap recovery and re-melting operations and includes economic as well as technical elements of recycling. Important topics include a discussion of the scrap aluminum marketplace and how secondary aluminum is collected and sorted, the design and operation of furnaces for melting scrap, the refining of molten aluminum, and the recovery and processing of dross from re-melting operations. This second edition features more information on aluminum scrap pricing and the economics of recycling, the analysis of dross processing methods currently in use by the industry, and drosses produced. The book has been updated throughout to include the most up-to-date information.

Oxide semiconductors, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), are increasingly being considered as replacements for silicon in the development of the next generation of solar cells. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide presents the basic properties of binary metal oxide semiconductors and the performance-related properties of TiO2 as they relate to solar energy. The book provides a general background on oxide semiconductors based on binary oxides and their solid solutions, including electronic and ionic conductors. It covers several aspects of solid-state electrochemistry of oxides, such as defect chemistry, and defect-related properties, such as electrical properties, diffusion, segregation, and reactivity. The author also takes a pioneering approach in considering bulk versus surface semiconducting properties, showing how they are different due to the effect of segregation. One of the first on semiconducting, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 and its solid solutions with donor- and acceptor-type ions, the book discusses defect chemistry of TiO2 in terms of defect equilibria and defect-related properties, including electrical properties, self and chemical diffusion, surface properties, segregation, and reactivity and photoreactivity with oxygen, water, and microbial agents. The text also illustrates the use of TiO2 as an emerging material for solar energy conversion systems, including the generation of hydrogen fuel by photoelectrochemical water splitting, the photocatalytic purification of water, and the generation of photovoltaic electricity. In addition, it presents defect disorder diagrams for the formation of TiO2-based semiconductors with controlled properties. Encompassing the areas of solid-state science, surface chemistry, and photocatalysis, this book reflects the increasing awareness of the importance of structural imperfections, such as point defects, in understanding the properties of metal oxides, specifically TiO2-based semiconductors.

Hydrometallurgy is a field of chemical technology concerned with the production of metals from their ores and secondary sources. Modern hydrometallurgy began with the need to obtain uranium in the 1940s and extended into new areas with the development of pressure hydrometallurgy in the mid-1950s and acceptance of solvent extraction as an industrial scale process for copper production in the late 1960s to early 1970s. With the introduction of new processes for many metals, the present stage of development of hydrometallurgy has come to maturity and a survey of the current state of the field is timely.This book is derived from the lectures on the principles on which hydrometallurgical processes are based, given as part of the undergraudate and MSc courses in hydrometallurgy which Professor A R Burkin gave from 1961 until he retired in 1988.Professor Burkin's earlier book, The Chemistry of Hydrometallurgical Processes, was regarded as the major work in the field. This is his long awaited new textbook.

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are materials that can be tailored to achieve specific properties, influenced by fabrication techniques. "Metal Matrix Composites: Fabrication, Production and 3D Printing" cover various aspects of fabrication, production and new manufacturing techniques including research and development. It includes conventional fabrication techniques and methods required to synthesize micro/nano MMCs. Multivariate approach required to optimize production including development of complex geometries is explained as well. Features: Provides in-depth information on fabrication, production, and advanced manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). Details about matrix, reinforcement, and application-oriented fabrication processes. Emphasizes on advance processing methods like metal 3D printing, additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques. Provides comprehensive record of fabrication development in MMCs. Focus on materials and application-based processing techniques. This book aims at graduate students, researchers and professionals in micro/nano science and technology, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, metallurgy, and composites.

Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems. RF components, microware transmitters, laser systems, and special timing devices are described, with an emphasis on improvement in the performance parameters.

Complex metal alloys (CMAs) comprise a huge group of largely unknown alloys and compounds, where many phases are formed with crystal structures based on giant unit cells containing atom clusters, ranging from tens of to more than thousand atoms per unit cell. In these phases, for many phenomena, the physical length scales are substantially smaller than the unit-cell dimension. Hence, these materials offer unique combinations of properties which are mutually exclusive in conventional materials, such as metallic electric conductivity combined with low thermal conductivity, good light absorption with high-temperature stability, high metallic hardness with reduced wetting by liquids, etc.This book is the second of a series of books issued yearly as a deliverable to the European Community of the School established within the European Network of Excellence CMA. Written by reputed experts in the fields of metal physics, surface physics, surface chemistry, metallurgy, and process engineering, this book brings together expertise found inside as well as outside the network to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in CMAs.

The use of conducting polymers for the anticorrosion protection of metals has attracted great interest during the last 30 years. The design and development of conducting polymers-based coating systems with commercial viability is expected to be advanced by applying nanotechnology and has received substantial attention recently. This book begins with corrosion fundamentals and ends with an emphasis on developments made in conducting polymer science and technology using nanotechnology. Additionally, it gives a detailed account of experimental methods of corrosion testing.