Solidification and Solid-State Transformations of Metals and Alloys describes solidification and the industrial problems presented when manufacturing structural parts by casting, or semi-products for forging, in order to obtain large, flat or specifically shaped parts. Solidification follows the nucleation and growth model, which will also be applied in solid-state transformations, such as those taking place because of changes in solubility and allotropy or changes produced by recrystallization. It also explains the heat treatments that, through controlled heating, holding and cooling, allow the metals to have specific structures and properties. It also describes the correct interpretation of phase diagrams so the reader can comprehend the behaviour of iron, aluminium, copper, lead, tin, nickel, titanium, etc. and the alloys between them or with other metallic or metalloid elements. This book can be used by graduate and undergraduate students, as well as physicists, chemists and engineers who wish to study the subject of Metallic Materials and Physical Metallurgy, specifically industrial applications where casting of metals and alloys, as well as heat treatments are relevant to the quality assurance of manufacturing processes. It will be especially useful for readers with little to no knowledge on the subject, and who are looking for a book that addresses the fundamentals of manufacturing, treatment and properties of metals and alloys.

Presents results based on modern scientific analysis Presents results of practical successful implementation Covers all aspects of modern agglomeration technologies in metallurgy Gives special attention to environmental aspects

In recent years, global metallurgical industries have experienced fast and prosperous growth. High-temperature metallurgical technology is the backbone to support the technical, environmental, and economical needs for this growth. This collection features contributions covering the advancements and developments of new high-temperature metallurgical technologies and their applications to the areas of processing of minerals; extraction of metals; preparation of refractory and ceramic materials; sintering and synthesis of fine particles; treatment and recycling of slag and wastes; and saving of energy and protection of environment. The volume will have a broad impact on the academics and professionals serving the metallurgical industries around the world.

Platinum-Nickel-Chromium Deposits: Geology, Exploration, and Reserve Base is the first reference book to combine information on the discovery of numerous minerals within existing deposits. This book recognizes the close affinity and great natural coexistence of platinum, palladium, chromium, nickel, copper, gold, and silver hosted by unique stratigraphy (mafic-ultramafic intrusive of layered ingenious complex) in a diverse structural set up. The chapters are organized in a logical sequence of introductory physical and chemical properties, demand-supply scenario, price trend, substitution-recycling and uses of these metals, stratigraphy and host rocks, geochemistry, global distribution of existing deposits in six mega continents, genetic system, reserves-resources overview, common characteristic features aiding as exploration guides for new targets, hazards, and sustainable development. This reference book is a must for students, research scholars, teachers, and professional explorers in economic geology, geography, and allied subjects.

Electron-Ion-Plasma Modification of a Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy details theoretical and experimental research and computer simulation of structural phase transformations in AlSi10Mn2Ni Silumin on different scale levels under electroexplosion alloying, electron beam processing and electron-plasma alloying at the nanolevel in order to create new materials. The authors summarize and analyze more than 10 years of research on the electron-ion-plasma effect on strength properties and structure-phase states' transformations of hypoeutectic Silumin. Key Features: Details physical and mathematical models of mechanisms of surface layer hardening under conditions of varying energy effects Offers insights into improved strength characteristics of Silumin Explores optimal processing modes for increased strength and improved tribological characteristics This book is a valuable resource to researchers and engineers involved with the modification of light alloy surfaces for the automotive and aeronautical industry.

This book is dedicated to the fundamental physical aspects of stability, the influence of structural defects on the properties and structural phase transformations of BCC alloys. The authors present patterns that occur in the structural-phase states of functional alloys with low stability or instability under thermal cycling effects. Structural-phase transformations and the physical laws governing the influence of the thermomechanical effect on the properties of alloys are examined to advance development of technological processes for processing functional materials. Features: Studies the correlation between structural phase states and changes in the physico-mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds Explores the influence of thermomechanical cycling on the properties of functional alloys Details low-stability pretransition states in alloys

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities provides alternative methods to the conventional approach for the fabrication of the majority of titanium components produced via the cast and wrought technique, a process which involves a considerable amount of expensive machining. In contrast, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) approach allows very close to final part configuration to be directly fabricated minimizing machining cost, while achieving mechanical properties at least at cast and wrought levels. In addition, the book offers the benefit of significant savings through better material utilization for parts with high buy-to-fly ratios (ratio of initial stock mass to final part mass before and after manufacturing). As titanium additive manufacturing has attracted considerable attention from both academicians and technologists, and has already led to many applications in aerospace and terrestrial systems, as well as in the medical industry, this book explores the unique shape making capabilities and attractive mechanical properties which make titanium an ideal material for the additive manufacturing industry.

Covers development of oxide dispersion strengthened sustainable material to withstand high temperature environment Describes stimulating application oriented final mechanical properties Illustrates fabrication of alloys through effective route in order to achieve desired properties Presents in-depth comprehension of deformation behavior at ambient and high temperature Explores critical applications of the alloys in nuclear reactors, defense and aviation sectors

Theory and Methods of Metallurgical Process Integration analyzes the basic elements and characteristics of steel manufacturing processes and operation, also proposing a theory of precise dynamic design and integration of steel plants. Following several case studies, a new generation steel manufacturing process is proposed. Through deep description and analysis of the dynamic operation of the steel manufacturing process, this book can help readers understand that the study of dynamic integration for the "mass-energy-time-space-information" during the steel manufacturing process has to be highly emphasized in order to further promote optimization of the steel manufacturing process and plant.

High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals, Second Edition, provides a high level understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of high temperature alloy oxidation. It uses this understanding to develop methods of predicting oxidation rates and the way they change with temperature, gas chemistry, and alloy composition. The book focuses on the design and selection of alloy compositions which provide optimal resistance to attack by corrosive gases, providing a rigorous treatment of the thermodynamics and kinetics underlying high temperature alloy corrosion. In addition, it emphasizes quantitative calculations for predicting reaction rates and the effects of temperature, oxidant activities, and alloy compositions. Users will find this book to be an indispensable source of information for researchers and students who are dealing with high temperature corrosion.

Mineral Processing Design and Operations: An Introduction, Second Edition, helps further understanding of the various methods commonly used in mineral beneficiation and concentration processes. Application of theory to practice is explained at each stage, helping operators understand associated implications in each unit process. Covers the theory and formulae for unit capacities and power requirements to help the designer develop the necessary equipment and flow-sheets to economically attain maximum yield and grade. This second edition describes theories and practices of design and operation of apparatus and equipment, including an additional chapter on magnetic, electrostatic, and conductivity modes of mineral separation. Basics of process controls for efficient and economic modes of separation are introduced.

Gold Ore Processing: Project Development and Operations, Second Edition, brings together all the technical aspects relevant to modern gold ore processing, offering a practical perspective that is vital to the successful and responsible development, operation, and closure of any gold ore processing operation. This completely updated edition features coverage of established, newly implemented, and emerging technologies; updated case studies; and additional topics, including automated mineralogy and geometallurgy, cyanide code compliance, recovery of gold from e-waste, handling of gaseous emissions, mercury and arsenic, emerging non-cyanide leaching systems, hydro re-mining, water management, solid-liquid separation, and treatment of challenging ores such as double refractory carbonaceous sulfides. Outlining best practices in gold processing from a variety of perspectives, Gold Ore Processing: Project Development and Operations is a must-have reference for anyone working in the gold industry, including metallurgists, geologists, chemists, mining engineers, and many others.

Covers intricacies of e-waste management with an outlook towards checkpoint of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2025 Describes the global status of e-waste recycling and management with country-specific contributions Includes focus on policy tools such as EPR, ARF, policy gaps, and the informal sector activities Offers detailed information about advanced green and smart technologies for e-waste valorisation and management Explores urban mining, sustainability, and circular economic approaches

This book summarizes the advanced manufacturing technology of original innovations in hot stamping of lightweight car body. A detailed description of the technical system and basic knowledge of sheet metal forming is given, which helps readers quickly understand the relevant knowledge in the field. Emphasis has been placed on the independently developed hot stamping process and equipment, which help describe the theoretical and experimental research on key problems involving stress field, thermal field and phase transformation field in hot stamping process. Also, a description of the formability at elevated temperature and the numerical simulation algorithms for high strength steel hot stamping is given in combination with the experiments. Finally, the book presents some application cases of hot stamping technology such as the lightweight car body design using hot stamping components and gradient hardness components, and the cooling design of the stamping tool. This book is intended for researchers, engineers and graduate students in vehicle engineering, mechanical engineering, especially in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. The book also provides a useful reference for other new technology related temperature and phase transformation, such as aluminum-magnesium alloy hot stamping.

This book introduces state-of-the-art experimental and numerical methods and examples for evaluating the drilling performance of engineering and biological materials, particularly in thermal aspects. The authors use a common pathway to present the technological and analytical methods for both industry (metal) drilling and orthopaedic surgery (bone) drilling research, making this book a resource for both industrial and clinical readers who wish to understand the evolution of technologies, techniques and challenges in drilling. The authors also focus on advanced engineering materials, such as titanium alloys and high-strength cast irons, which have broad applications in the automotive, aerospace, medical device and sports industries. This book is a must-read for a broad audience, including engineering students in upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses that involve machining processes; for surgery residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons; and for engineers in the medical device industry who develop new bone cutting tools. Bridges the knowledge on drilling from the manufacturing industry to healthcare; Covers the experimental and modeling aspects of drilling thermal analysis; Includes experimental studies that contain parameters and data that emulate practical production and clinical drilling.

Spectral Methods in Transition Metal Complexes provides a conceptual understanding on how to interpret the optical UV-vis, vibrational EPR, and NMR spectroscopy of transition metal complexes. Metal complexes have broad applications across chemistry in the areas of drug discovery, such as anticancer drugs, sensors, special materials for specific requirements, and catalysis, so a thorough knowledge in preparation and characterization of metal complexes, while niche, is critical. Accessible to both the seasoned researcher and the graduate student alike, this book provides readers with a single source of content that addresses spectral methods in transition metal complexes.

The present issue of Structure and Bonding is dedicated to applied group 13 chemistry, particularly for the elements boron and aluminum, and to a lesser degree gallium and indium. Although boron is a trace element (0.01 g kg 1) in the earth's crust, it has been concentrated in a few locations by geochemical processes and is relatively easy to mine as borax. Aluminum, on the other hand, is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust (82 g kg 1) and dispersed widely throughout the globe. Thus, boron and aluminum are readily available and their associated products or compounds are usually inexpensive and thereby easy to commercialize. The chapters were chosen to encompass both applied and fundamental aspects of their subiects. The first chapter 'Borates in Industrial Use' provides a complete, and perhaps, quintessential, coverage of compounds containing boron oxygen bonds. In the chapter Schubert explains the close relationship between the basic properties of the boron compounds and their associated uses. The remaining four chapters focus, to some degree, on aluminum. Since a great deal of literature exists in this area, these chapters are more focused on areas of emerging utility, and contain a great deal of fundamental information. Uhl's contribution in Chapter 2 provides basic synthesis and structural information for aluminum and gallium hydrazides. These types of compounds are being explored as potential molecular precursors to metal nitrides such as the important blue green laser material gallium nitride.

New discoveries of the properties of gold at a nanoscale, and its effective use in modern technologies, have been driving a virtual 'gold rush'. Depleting natural resources has meant that the recovery of gold continues to grow in importance and relevance.The Recovery of Gold from Secondary Sources analyses the most advanced technology in gold recovery and recycling from spent sources of mobile phones, unwanted electronic equipment and waste materials. State-of-the-art techniques of hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical processing, leaching, cementing, adsorbing and separation through bio-sorbents are all described in detail, providing a guide for students and researchers. Discussion of environmentally friendly methods of recovery are presented, in order to provide modern-day alternatives to previous techniques. For those interested in the study of gold recovery this book gives a comprehensive overview of current recovery, making it the ultimate source of information for students, researchers, chemists, metallurgists, environmental scientists and electronic waste recovery experts.

The papers in this volume give the reader focused information on the important extractive metallurgy unit operations of drying, roasting, and calcining

This book describes and provides design guidelines for antennas that achieve compactness by using the slot radiator as the fundamental building block within a periodic array, rather than a phased array. It provides the basic electromagnetic tools required to design and analyse these novel antennas, with sample calculations where relevant. The book presents a focused introduction and valuable insights into the relevant antenna technology, together with an overview of the main directions in the evolving technology of compact planar arrays. While the book discusses the historical evolution of compact array antennas, its main focus is on summarising the extensive body of literature on compact antennas. With regard to the now ubiquitous slot radiator, it seeks to demonstrate how, despite significant antenna size reductions that at times even seem to defy the laws of physics, desirable radiation pattern properties can be preserved. This is supported by an examination of recent advances in frequency selective surfaces and in metamaterials, which can, if handled correctly, be used to facilitate physics-defying designs. The book offers a valuable source of information for communication systems and antenna design engineers, especially thanks to its overview of trends in compact planar arrays, yet will also be of interest to students and researchers, as it provides a focused introduction and insights into this highly relevant antenna technology.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the unique theory developed over years of research on materials and process modelling and its application in metal forming technologies. It starts with the introduction of fundamental theories on the mechanics of materials, computational mechanics and the formulation of unified constitutive equations. Particular attention is paid to elastic-plastic formulations for cold metal forming and unified elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for warm/hot metals processing. Damage in metal forming and numerical techniques to solve and determine the unified constitutive equations are also detailed. Examples are given for the application of the unified theories to solve practical problems encountered in metal forming processes. This is particularly useful to predict microstructure evolution in warm/hot metal forming processes. Crystal plasticity theories and modelling techniques with their applications in micro-forming are also introduced in the book.The book is self-contained and unified in presentation. The explanations are highlighted to capture the interest of curious readers and complete enough to provide the necessary background material to further explore/develop new theories and applications.

This book presents the recent research results of the application of arc spectrum in the welding process. It sheds light on the fundamentals of monitoring welding quality using arc spectral information. By analyzing the topic both from a global and local perspective, it establishes a knowledge base of features characterizing welding statuses. Researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of intelligent welding can benefit from the book. As such, this book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods, and practical algorithms that are applicable in real-time detection of welding defects.

Amorphous and Nano Alloys Electroless Depositions: Technology, Theory, Structure and Property describes the whole development and the most important subjects (technology, theory, structure and property) up to date of electroless plating (EP). The author concentrates on the fundamental scientific and academic problems (principle, mechanism and theory) in EP today. Based on the history of EP, this valuable reference describes lots of new EP processes, including electroless Fe based alloy system deposits, formation and theoretical description of electroless alloys, microscopic theory of electroless plating deposits, microscopic structures and surface morphology of electroless deposits, and weldability property of electroless deposits.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the unique theory developed over years of research on materials and process modelling and its application in metal forming technologies. It starts with the introduction of fundamental theories on the mechanics of materials, computational mechanics and the formulation of unified constitutive equations. Particular attention is paid to elastic-plastic formulations for cold metal forming and unified elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations for warm/hot metals processing. Damage in metal forming and numerical techniques to solve and determine the unified constitutive equations are also detailed. Examples are given for the application of the unified theories to solve practical problems encountered in metal forming processes. This is particularly useful to predict microstructure evolution in warm/hot metal forming processes. Crystal plasticity theories and modelling techniques with their applications in micro-forming are also introduced in the book.The book is self-contained and unified in presentation. The explanations are highlighted to capture the interest of curious readers and complete enough to provide the necessary background material to further explore/develop new theories and applications.