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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Microbiology (non-medical)
Fungal growths affect both human and animal well-being. Many
natural pathogens of laboratory animals alter host physiology,
rendering the host unsuitable for experimental uses. While the
number and prevalence of few pathogens have declined considerably,
many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted
variables in research. Investigators using laboratory animals in
biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects
that many of these agents can have on research. What does the
future hold regarding the natural pathogens of laboratory animals?
The selection of an animal model must carefully address issues of
the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow, and
the collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions
being asked. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will
continue to deepen our understanding of how these infections occur.
This book provides a valuable source of information to biological
and biomedical scientists and to clinical and doctoral researchers
working in the area of fungal infections and diseases of laboratory
animal species.
Cyanobacteria constitute the most widely distributed group of
photosynthetic prokaryotes found in almost all realms of the earth
and play an important role in Earth's nitrogen and carbon cycle.
The gradual transformation from reducing atmosphere to oxidizing
atmosphere was a turning point in the evolutionary history of the
earth and made conditions for present life forms possible.
Cyanobacteria: From Basic Science to Applications is the first
reference volume that comprehensively discusses all aspects of
cyanobacteria, including the diverse mechanisms of cyanobacteria
for the advancement of cyanobacterial abilities, towards higher
biofuel productivity, enhanced tolerance to environmental stress
and bioactive compounds and potential for biofertilizers.
Plant endophytes are a potential source for the production of
bioactive compounds that can fight against devastating diseases in
both plants and humans. Among these endophytic microorganisms,
endophytic fungi are one of the dominant group of microorganisms
with a potential role in plant growth promotion and the discovery
of noble bioactive natural products. Endophytic fungi possess
several bioactivities like anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal,
plant growth stimulants, crop protection, phytoremediation, etc.
Presence of modular biosynthetic genes clusters like PKS and NRPS
in several endophytic fungi underscores the need to understand and
explore such organisms. This volume presents and demonstrates the
applied aspects of endophytic fungi. Practical applications of such
endophytes are discussed in detail, including studies in
pharmaceutical development and agricultural management of important
microbial diseases. The beneficial effects that endophytic fungi
provide to host plants-enhancing growth, increasing fitness,
strengthening tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses through
secondary metabolites-are also discussed. The reader is provided
with a comprehensive and detailed understanding of such
relationships between endophytic fungi and their host.
This book gathers selected studies on the industrial applications
of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), presenting an updated classification
of these enzymes, and discussing their structure, mechanisms, and
various approaches to improve their catalytic efficiency. Further,
it explains the various industrial applications of glycoside
hydrolases in food, effluent treatment, biofuel production, and the
paper and pulp industries. Lastly, the book provides a comparative
analysis of glycoside hydrolases and discusses the role of
metagenomics in the discovery of industrially important enzymes. As
such it is a thought-provoking, instructive and informative
resource for biochemists, enzymologists, molecular biologists and
bioprocess technologists.
This book introduces readers to basic studies on and applied
techniques involving lactic acid bacteria, including their
bioengineering and industrial applications. It summarizes recent
biotechnological advances in lactic acid bacteria for food and
health, and provides detailed information on the applications of
these bacteria in fermented foods. Accordingly, it offers a
valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in the
fields of food microbiology, bioengineering, fermentation
engineering, food science, nutrition and health.
This book brings together the most recent advances from leading
experts in the burgeoning field of environmental biotechnology. The
contributing chapters adopt a multidisciplinary approach related to
environmental aspects of agriculture, industry, pharmaceutical
sciences and drug developments from plant and microbial sources,
biochemical chemical techniques/methods/protocols involved in
different areas of environmental biotechnology. Book also
highlights recent advancements, newly emerging technologies, and
thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world. It
also discusses potential future prospects associated with some
frontier development of biotechnological research related to the
environment. This book will be of interest to teachers,
researchers, biotechnologists, capacity builders and policymakers,
and will serve as additional reading material for undergraduate and
graduate students of biotechnology, microbiology and environmental
sciences.
Sugarcane enjoys a prominent position among agro-industrial crops
and is commercially grown in 115 tropical and subtropical countries
around the world. However, fluctuations in sugar prices have forced
the sugarcane industry worldwide to broaden its revenue base by
moving from single-commodity manufacturing to a range of
value-added products. Utilizing the by-products in an innovative
manner to create value-added products is the new course of action
for sugar-producing countries. For many years sugarcane was
regarded as a single-product crop, i.e., only useful for producing
sugar. Its actual potential is now increasingly being recognised by
the industry and there is a growing trend toward the manufacturing
of allied products from sugarcane. Therefore, the focus is now on
the establishment of sugar-agro-industry complexes, processing not
just sugar but a range of other products. This book provides a
comprehensive overview of sugarcane not only as a source of
sweetening agents but also for many other uses, including as a
source of bio-energy. It also explores the trend of sugar
consumption and suggests practices to curb the consumption of sugar
products in order to tackle obesity and reduce public health costs.
The book underscores the need to diversify sugarcane and highlights
means of doing so, while also addressing various innovations and
technologies being developed in connection with sugar, sugar
derivatives, and sugar industry by-products for sustainable
utilization in the sugar-agro industry. Accordingly, it offers a
valuable resource for professionals and R&D units in the sugar
industry, and for students of agronomy and related fields.
Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that include both unicellular
and multicellular species. They have a worldwide distribution and a
wide range of applications in diverse sectors, from environmental,
food and medicine to biotechnological innovations. Fungal
biochemical genetics involves the study of the relationships
between genome, proteome and metabolome, and the underlying
molecular processes in both native and bioengineered fungi. This
book provides a valuable resource on the challenges and potential
of fungal biotechnology and related bioengineering and functional
diversity for various industrial applications in the food,
environmental, bioenergy and biorefining, and the biopharma
sectors. In comparison to previous and related publications in the
area of applied myco-biotech-engineering, this book bridges a
knowledge gap in the areas related to prospects and investment as
well as intellectual and technical issues. This book also provides
information on recent commercial and economic interests in the area
by juxtaposing the developments achieved in recent worldwide
research and its many challenges.
Viral Polymerases: Structures, Functions and Roles as Antiviral
Drug Targets presents in-depth study information on the structure
and functions of polymerases and their roles in the lifecycle of
viruses, and as drug targets. Viral polymerases constitute a vital
component in the lifecycle of many viruses, such as human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses, influenza virus,
and several others. They are essentially required for the
replication of viruses. Thus, the polymerases that can be found in
viruses (called viral polymerases) represent favorable targets for
the design and development of antiviral drugs.
This book highlights the latest findings on fundamental aspects of
composting, the interaction of various microorganisms, and the
underlying mechanisms. In addition to addressing modern tools and
techniques used for composting research, it provides an overview of
potential composting applications in both agriculture and
environmental reclamation. Composting is the process of organic
waste decomposition, mediated by microorganisms. The end-product is
called 'compost' and can be used as a supplement to improve soil
fertility. As the municipal waste generated in most developing
countries contains a substantial amount of organic matter suitable
for composting, this technology offers a win-win opportunity for
stakeholders in terms of disposing of organic waste and providing
organic fertilizers for agriculture. In addition, using compost
reduces the dependency on harmful chemical fertilizers, and
represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative.
The book starts with a general introduction into the relevance of
systems biology for understanding tuberculosis. This will be
followed by several chapters which describe the application of
systems biology to various aspects of the study of the pathogen,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its interaction with the host. The
book provides the reader with an account of how the new science of
systems biology is providing novel insights into the ancient
scourge of tuberculosis. It will also describe how systems biology
can be applied to the control of tuberculosis, including the
development of new treatments, vaccines and diagnostics.
Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 104, continues the
comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review
source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and
information on a variety of areas, with this updated volume
including chapters covering Cold Shock Responses in Salmonella,
Microbial Processes in Geotechnical Engineering, Microbial
Diversity and Functional Analysis, The Mycosphere and Turnover of
Contaminants, and the Enhancement of Metallosphaera Sedula
Bioleaching by Targeted Recombination and Adaptive Laboratory
Evolution.
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Immunology
(Hardcover)
Joffrey Butler
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Retrovirus-Cell Interactions provides an up-to-date review of the
interactions between retroviruses and the cells they infect,
offering a comprehensive understanding of how retroviruses hijack
cellular factors to facilitate virus replication. Drugs targeting
viral enzymes have been developed to treat HIV; the next challenge
is to inhibit virus-cell interactions as next generation treatment
strategies. Organized according to the retrovirus' replication
cycle, this book does not focus exclusively on HIV, but rather
includes important findings in other retroviral systems, including
animal retroviruses, retrotransposons, and endogenous retroelements
to allow broad comparisons on important commonalities and
differences.
This book provides a straightforward and easy-to-understand
overview of beneficial plant-bacterial interactions. It features a
wealth of unique illustrations to clarify the text, and each
chapter includes study questions that highlight the important
points, as well as references to key experiments. Since the
publication of the first edition of Beneficial Plant-Bacterial
Interactions, in 2015, there has been an abundance of new
discoveries in this area, and in recent years, scientists around
the globe have begun to develop a relatively detailed understanding
of many of the mechanisms used by bacteria that facilitate plant
growth and development. This knowledge is gradually becoming an
integral component of modern agricultural practice, with more and
more plant growth-promoting bacterial strains being commercialized
and used successfully in countries throughout the world. In
addition, as the world's population continues to grow, the pressure
for increased food production will intensify, while at the same
time, environmental concerns, mean that environmentally friendly
methods of food production will need to replace many traditional
agricultural practices such as the use of potentially dangerous
chemicals. The book, intended for students, explores the
fundamentals of this new paradigm in agriculture, horticulture, and
environmental cleanup.
This book provides a multidisciplinary review of antibiotic
resistance and unravels the complex and interrelated roles of
environmental sources, including pharmaceutical industry effluents,
hospital and domestic effluents, wildlife and drinking water.
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue in which the
interface between humans, animals and the environment is
particularly relevant. The contrasts seen across different
environmental compartments and world regions, which are due to
climate, social and policy differences, mean that this problem
needs to be analyzed from a multi-geographic and multi-cultural
angle. Bringing together contributions from researchers on
different continents with expertise in antibiotic resistance in a
range of different environmental compartments, the book offers a
detailed reflection on the paths that make antibiotic resistance a
global threat, and the state-of- the-art in antibiotic resistance
surveillance and risk assessment in complex environmental matrices.
With contributions from a broad range of leading researchers,
Environmental Microbiology: Current Technology and Water
Applications focuses on current technology and its applications.
Although aimed primarily at research scientists and graduate
students in water microbiology, the topics and techniques are
equally applicable to all branches of environmental microbiology.
The initial chapters cover the concentration, detection, and
characterization of microbes in drinking water. Other chapters are
technology focused and cover topics, such as geochips and
microarrays and their applications, Raman microspectroscopy and
related single cell techniques, the use of amoebae hosts, bacteria
and bacteriophage as bioreporters, viability of detected microbes,
and fecal source tracking. Environmental Microbiology: Current
Technology and Water Applications includes comparative tables and
figures that address detection sensitivity, specificity, ease of
use, and other criteria. The value of the book em
Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 103, continues the
comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review
source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and
information on a variety of areas, with this updated volume
including chapters on antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter
species, microbial source tracking, modeling phage bacteria
interactions, and bacterial anaerobic synthesis gas (syngas) and
CO2 + H2 fermentation. Each eclectic volume in this series is
supplemented by thematic volumes in areas such as Archaea and sick
building syndrome.
Bacteria have evolved with extraordinary abilities to regulate
aspects of their behavior (such as gene expression) in response to
signals in the intracellular and extracellular environment. Key to
this are the diverse macromolecules (proteins or RNA) that sense
change through direct interactions with chemical or physical
stimuli. In recent years, there have been tremendous advances in
understanding the structure and function of these signal receptors,
and how interaction with the signal triggers changes in their
activity and downstream events. For some systems, this
understanding extends to the atomic level. In this unique book, an
international team of experts reviews a selection of important
model systems, providing a timely snapshot of the current state of
research in the field. Sensory Mechanisms in Bacteria opens with an
introductory chapter that reviews the diversity of signal
recognition mechanisms, illustrating the breadth of the field.
Subsequent chapters include descriptions
This book offers a comprehensive introduction to electron-based
bioscience, biotechnology, and biocorrosion. It both explains the
importance of electron flow during metabolic processes in
microorganisms and provides valuable insights into emerging
applications in various fields. In the opening section, readers
will find up-to-date information on topics such as electron
transfer reactions, extracellular electron transfer mechanisms,
direct interspecies electron transfer, and electron uptake by
sulfate-reducing bacteria. The focus then shifts to
state-of-the-art advances and applications in the field of
biotechnology. Here, the coverage encompasses e.g. progress in
understanding electrochemical interactions between microorganisms
and conductive particles, enzymatic reactions and their application
in the bioproduction of useful chemicals, and the importance of
redox balance for fatty acid production. In closing, the book
addresses various aspects of the complex phenomenon of
microbiologically induced corrosion, highlighting novel insights
from the fields of electromicrobiology and electrochemistry and
their implications.
Nitric Oxide and Other Small Signalling Molecules, Volume 72, the
latest release in the Advances in Microbial Physiology series,
continues the long tradition of topical, important, cutting-edge
reviews in microbiology. The book contains updates in the field,
with comprehensive chapters covering the Biochemistry of cysteine
persulfides, NO signaling in yeast, The Inflammasome: Regulation of
Nitric Oxide and Antimicrobial Host Defense, Nitric Oxide, aN Old
molecule with NOble functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biology,
the Emerging roles of nitric oxide synthase in bacterial
physiology, and Anaerobic bacterial response to nitrosative stress.
This book provides a detailed review of many different aspects of
pathogens, from the effects of single base pair mutations to
large-scale control options, bringing into a single volume over 100
years of findings from thousands of researchers worldwide. Diseases
caused by soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are a major cause of
loss to crop, vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide, and have
been found on all continents except Antarctica. While different
aspects of the SRP have appeared in other books on plant disease,
no book, until now, has been dedicated solely to them.
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