The present volume on basic physics of ultrasonographic imaging procedures provides clear and concise information on the physics behind ultrasound examinations in diagnostic imaging. It attempts to present the subject from a simple approach that should make it possible for the target groups to comprehend the important concepts which form the physical basis of ultrasonic imaging. The main target group of this manual is radiological technologists and radiographers working with diagnostic ultrasound in developing countries.Clinicians and nurse practitioners may also find the simple presentation appealing. A conscious effort has been made to avoid detailed mathematical treatment of the subject. The emphasis is on simplicity.

All you need to know to maximize the diagnostic capabilities of CT . . . Whole body computed tomography has developed at a rapid pace in the past decade, spurred on by the introduction of spiral and multislice scanning. These new technologies have not only improved diagnostic accuracy, but also made new applications possible that were previously accessible only through more complex or invasive techniques. This new book expertly fills a gap in the literature by combining the practically relevant technical background with the clinical information required for correctly performing and interpreting CT examinations. The book presents the state-of-the-art capabilities and requirements of CT as a key diagnostic and interventional tool, with special emphasis on the role of spiral and multi-slice CT. You will find a thorough introduction to CT technology from scanner design to 3D image reconstruction, useful practical hints on how to optimize your examination protocols and how to keep the radiation exposure of your patients to a minimum, as well as an extensive clinical section in which symptoms, pathology and CT morphology are integrated to provide you with the basis for subtle interpretation of CT findings using the most modern CT techniques. Highlights include: Full coverage of single-slice, 4-slice and 16-slice scanning techniques Introduction to extended CT applications including cardiac CT, CT fluoroscopy, and 3D image processing Organ-specific protocols for scanning and contrast administration Practical guidelines for maximizing image quality and minimizing radiation exposure Useful suggestions for image interpretation and for avoiding pitfalls and errors Convenient format by organ system and disease entity Full discussion of organ-specific pathology and CT morphology CT indications integrated with other imaging modalities At a time when CT examinations are becoming more technically demanding and complex, with an increasing number of scan parameters and advances in 3D reconstructions, this book is an essential professional tool. Experienced practitioners will find their diagnostic and technical skills improved by reading the book, and beginners will enjoy the clear, systematic approach that will help them use the technique with confidence.

This monograph evaluates the evidence for carcinogenicity of ionizing radiation from internally deposited radionuclides. The radionuclides considered in this monograph belong to two broad categories: those that emit a-particles (helium nuclei) and those that emit b-particles (electrons) during their primary radioactive decay. For purposes of this monograph 'internally deposited' refers to radionuclides in dispersed forms (e.g. dusts suspensions solutions or gases) that enter the body through inhalation ingestion by some form of injection or in some cases by percutaneous absorption. Radionuclides may also enter tissues within removable objects, such as radioactive beads needles etc. that may be implanted surgically for therapeutic purposes or other kinds of fragments implanted accidentally. These kinds of exposures are not considered in this volume. Also not considered are radionuclides (e.g. iron-55 gallium-67) which undergo radioactive decay through processes that do not include emission of either a or b particles. Radon and its decay products were previously evaluated in "IARC Monographs" Volume 43 (1988) as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). The subsequently published scientific literature on occupational and residential exposures to radon was reviewed and included in this volume as an update but no re-evaluation of radon was considered necessary. Six specific radionuclides of the elements radium thorium plutonium and phosphorus plus mixed radionuclides of iodine were evaluated as "carcinogenic to humans "(Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for increased risk of cancer in exposed individuals. These include radium-224 radium-226 radium-228 thorium-232 (administered in colloidal form as thorium-232 dioxide) plutonium-239 (exposure to which also entails exposure to plutonium-240 and other isotopes of plutonium) radioisotopes of iodine including iodine-131 and phosphorus-32. Evidence for increased cancer risk in exposed humans is from medical usage in the cases of radium-224 thorium-232 and phosphorus-32 and from occupational or accidental/environmental exposures for plutonium-239 radium-226 and radium-228 and the radioiodines. In addition the global evaluations of two broad categories of internally deposited radionuclides were made on the basis of carcinogenicity in experimental animals plus other relevant data: Internally deposited radionuclides that emit a particles are "carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)." Internally deposited radionuclides that emit b particles are "carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Ionizing Radiation Part 1: X-and Gamma (g) Radiation and Neutrons" Volume 75 of the "Monographs" addressed the carcinogenic potential of external X-rays g-rays and neutrons in exposed populations (see overleaf).

Recommended in the Brandon/Hill selected list of print books and journals for the small medical library - April 2001 & 2003 Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease provides the vital information clinicians need to accurately assess the complex array of cardiovascular imaging modalities and to determine their appropriate, cost-effective applications in clinical cardiology. The first section examines every major imaging technology--ultrasound-based methods, radionuclide-based methods/nuclear cardiology, X-ray methods, and magnetic resonance-based methods, as well as analytic approaches to cost-effectiveness and outcomes measurement. A major portion of the book describes the role of specific techniques in diagnosing specific disorders, thus providing a useful guide to choosing the right imaging test for a given clinical situation. The concluding section discusses the implications of managed care and other health care reforms for imaging applications. More than 600 illustrations complement the text. SPECIAL PRICE OFFER ! Please note that a Special Price for this title of u95.00 / 153.00 Euros is available until the 1st May 2002 . Normal price is u117.00 / 204.00 Euros

The revised and updated Third Edition of this popular text/atlas details the expanding diagnostic capabilities of two of the most rapidly growing brain imaging modalities: single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). This edition describes the latest instrumentation and techniques and examines the clinical utility of both modalities in the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease, brain tumors, dementia, seizure disorders, trauma, and psychiatric disorders. The authors compare PET versus SPECT and introduce receptor imaging findings where applicable. More than 400 illustrations complement the text

Radiosurgery performed with the "Gamma Knife" or on a linac facility is a specific radiotherapy method to treat certain lesions in the brain with a high single radiation dose. Geometric miss of a radiosurgica target is considered the most likely serious error in a stereotactic radiosurgery treatment. Therefore, the issue of quality assurance in stereotactic radiosurgery is a serious one for neurosurgeons, physicists, patients and those of us who wish to analyze the results of radiosurgery. The purpose of this book is to offer and describe a quality assurance program and procedures of the physical and technical aspects through identifying the sources of possible errors and suggesting quality assurance tests that should be performed in order for a stereotactic system to be used clinically.

Das Buch stellt die Grundlagen der Anwendung, Prufung und Bewertung diagnostischer Massnahmen in der Medizin zusammen. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der systematischen Darstellung der vier Phasen des Evaluierungsprozesses. Das Buch wendet sich an Mediziner, die sich mit der Erforschung und Evaluierung diagnostischer Massnahmen befassen. Der Begriff der Evaluierung bezieht sich dabei ausschliesslich auf die Verbesserung der Patientenversorgung und orientiert sich nicht primar an einer finanziellen Kosten-Nutzen-Abschatzung. Die Autoren schliessen mit diesem nutzlichen Buch eine Lucke im deutschen Sprachraum.

Detailliert und praxisorientiert beschreibt dieses Buch, wie Patienten, die einen sicheren venoesen Zugang benoetigen, optimal mit einem Portsystem versorgt werden. Die unterschiedlichen Implantationstechniken und ihre Vor- und Nachteile sind ebenso ausfuhrlich dargestellt wie die Portanwendungen bei unterschiedlichen Indikationen und der Umgang mit dem Port nach der Implantation. Eine standardisierte Operationstechnik, die Auswahl des geeigneten Materials, die perfekte Kooperation der beteiligten Berufsgruppen untereinander und mit dem Patienten und die kompetente Portpflege und -nutzung sind Voraussetzungen, um eine lange UEberlebenszeit der Patienten und eine hohe Lebensqualitat zu erreichen. Bildserien zur Durchfuhrung der operativen Eingriffe und zur Portnutzung und -pflege werden zusatzlich durch instruktive Videos erganzt.

Covering both the fundamentals and recent developments in this fast-changing field, Essentials of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 7th Edition, is a must-have resource for radiology residents, nuclear medicine residents and fellows, nuclear medicine specialists, and nuclear medicine technicians. Known for its clear and easily understood writing style, superb illustrations, and self-assessment features, this updated classic is an ideal reference for all diagnostic imaging and therapeutic patient care related to nuclear medicine, as well as an excellent review tool for certification or MOC preparation. Provides comprehensive, clear explanations of everything from principles of human physiology, pathology, physics, radioactivity, radiopharmaceuticals, radiation safety, and legal requirements to hot topics such as new brain and neuroendocrine tumor agents and hybrid imaging, including PET/MR and PET/CT. Covers the imaging of every body system, as well as inflammation, infection and tumor imaging; pearls and pitfalls for every chapter; and pediatric doses and guidelines in compliance with the Image Gently and Image Wisely programs. Features a separate self-assessment section on differential diagnoses, imaging procedures and artifacts, and safety issues with unknown cases, questions, answers, and explanations. Includes new images and illustrations, for a total of 430 high-quality, multi-modality examples throughout the text. Reflects recent advances in the field, including updated nuclear medicine imaging and therapy guidelines . Updated dosimetry values and effective doses for all radiopharmaceuticals with new values from the 2015 International Commission on Radiological Protection . Updated information regarding advances in brain imaging, including amyloid, dopamine transporter and dementia imaging . Inclusion of Ga-68 DOTA PET/CT for neuroendocrine tumors . Expanded information on correlative and hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT . New myocardial agents . and more. Contains extensive appendices including updated comprehensive imaging protocols for routine and hybrid imaging, pregnancy and breastfeeding guidelines, pediatric dosages, non-radioactive pharmaceuticals used in interventional and cardiac stress imaging, and radioactivity conversion tables. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

La sperimentazione clinica dei prodotti farmaceutici, e quindi anche dei radiofarmaci, e regolata a livello nazionale da decreti legislativi emessi per recepire specifiche Direttive europee in materia di buona pratica di sperimentazione, e da norme di radioprotezione, in attuazione di direttive Euratom, in materia di radiazioni ionizzanti. In Italia molti aspetti applicativi del comune quadro giuridico europeo, peraltro focalizzato principalmente sulle attivita svolte in ambito industriale, sono intervenuti su una normativa pregressa, talora obsoleta, di interpretazione non sempre univoca e senza una visione integrata che considerasse nel loro insieme le legislazioni farmaceutiche e quelle radioprotezionistiche.

L'opera e suddivisa in tre parti. La prima tratta gli aspetti generali e le norme essenziali: sono descritti il Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, la struttura dell'Azienda sanitaria, il percorso formativo del TSRM, gli aspetti particolari della sua figura professionale e come questa si sia modificata nel passaggio dall'era analogica a quella digitale. Arricchiscono inoltre questa sezione i capitoli sulle norme relative a radiazioni ionizzanti e radioprotezione, oltre che sull'etica, la deontologia e le problematiche medico-forensi. La seconda parte dell'opera percorre sistematicamente l'anatomia umana, regina dell'immagine, per distretti corporei: partendo dall'anatomia macroscopica, illustrata da numerose tavole a colori, si descrive come utilizzare correttamente le metodiche di imaging, cosi da inquadrare meglio la condizione normale e identificare precocemente il patologico. Chiude il volume una terza sezione dedicata alla verifica dell'apprendimento mediante test a risposta multipla.

Der interdisziplinare Atlas beschreibt die wesentlichen Erkrankungen und Verletzungen des Kniegelenkes - mit einer umfassenden Bildauswahl jedes einzelnen Gelenkabschnitts - von Normalbefund bis Erkrankungsvollbild. - mit ausfuhrlichen Hinweisen auf diagnostische Fallstricke, Stadieneinteilungen bzw. therapeutische Konsequenzen. Effizient lernen, rasch nachschlagen: - Differenzierung der Bildinformation - Sichere Abklarung strittiger Befunde

Die primare Varikose gilt in den westlichen Industriestaaten als eine Volkskrankheit; nur 20-50% der Bevoelkerung sind venengesund. In Deutschland sind die Ausgaben fur Venenleiden in der letzten Dekade auf fast das Doppelte gestiegen. Die Einfuhrung der bildgebenden Verfahren hat die diagnostischen und damit auch therapeutischen Moeglichkeiten grundlegend erweitert. Die Erfolgschancen besonders bei der chirurgischen Therapie lassen sich heute individuell beurteilen. Mit dem theoretischen Konzept der Rezirkulationskreise wurde dafur eine allgemeingultige Basis gefunden. Durch die Einordnung eines bestimmten Krankheitsbildes in den zugehoerigen Rezirkulationskreis sind die Minima und Maxima der operativen Strategie vorgegeben. Die reiche Bebilderung des Texts veranschaulicht das Konzept.

Readable, practical and concise, Nuclear Cardiology is a self-contained guide to this cardiac imaging subspecialty. Including both technical and clinical aspects, it provides a foundation of essential knowledge common to practitioners from any background. This title covers radiation physics, biology and protection, and addresses all areas of imaging including the design and operation of the gamma camera (including solid-state cameras), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisition and processing, and image interpretation and writing of reports. Stress testing and radiopharmaceuticals are explained in detail, as is the evidence-base underpinning myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Newer radionuclide imaging techniques are well-covered (e.g. phosphate scintigraphy in cardiac amyloidosis), as is the expanding field of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Fully updated with coverage of new indications for gamma camera imaging, increased focus on attenuation correction and SPECT-CT and detail on the design use and clinical implications of solid-state gamma cameras throughout, this second edition of the essential text for nuclear cardiology trainees and practitioners is fully illustrated with colour plates to aid clinical practice. Presented in the bestselling Oxford Specialist Handbook format, Nuclear Cardiology provides core knowledge for those training in the subspecialty, whether at a basic or advanced level or from a medical or technical background, and is a key resource for those seeking to accredit in the subspecialty.

L obiettivo del presente contributo e quello di identificare e definire il ruolo dell ecocontrastografia nella patologia renale. Svariate sono le pubblicazioni in merito riguardanti il fegato mentre l attenzione per le applicazioni nella patologia urinaria sta aumentando in modo cospicuo negli ultimi anni. La metodica e da subito apparsa affascinante in quanto spesso risolutiva ai fini della diagnosi rendendo superfluo il ricorso ad altre metodiche d imaging sicuramente piu impegnative per il paziente e piu costose per la collettivita. Infatti considerando l affidabilita diagnostica della metodica nella valutazione dei traumi, della patologia flogistica, nella tipizzazione delle lesioni cistiche si comprende l enorme impatto nella pratica clinica della metodica. Cio ha spinto i cultori della materia ad un sempre maggiore utilizzo delle microbolle anche in altri campi di applicazione come quella del trapianto renale, del reflusso vescico-ureterale sino ad arrivare ad un tentativo di tipizzazione delle lesioni solide renali o di stadiare le lesioni vescicali. Il messaggio innovativo e che anche l ecografia ha il suo mezzo di contrasto endovena assumendo spesso pari dignita di altri esami contrastografici, come la TC e/o la RM, divenendo cosi problem-solving examination. L esperienza maturata dagli autori in svariati anni si caratterizza per un percorso graduale, lento ma costante, verso sempre nuove applicazioni: prima quelle epatiche, poi quelle nell ambito della patologia traumatica addominale, per raggiungere quelle dell apparato urinario, gastro-enterico e genitale. Il volume e rivolto sia ai Radiologi (specialisti/specializzandi) che ai clinici, proprio per l ampia diffusione territoriale ed interspecialistica dell ecografia stessa."

Der Verdacht auf eine Erkrankung des Gehirns oder Ruckenmarks verursacht bei betroffenen Eltern und Kindern Angst und Verunsicherung. Deshalb mussen behandelnde AErzte schnell und prazise diagnostizieren. Optimale Unterstutzung bietet dieses Lehrbuch und Nachschlagewerk. Es ermoeglicht rasche Orientierung und den leichten Zugang. Knapp und ubersichtlich: Entstehung und Diagnose haufiger Krankheitsbilder, Krankheiten, die bestimmte Entwicklungskonzepte gut veranschaulichen, seltene Erkrankungen im Kurz-UEberblick. Klar und verstandlich: einpragsame Merksatze, UEbersichtstabellen, Entscheidungshilfen, Praxis-Tipps, Glossar radiologischer Fachbegriffe zum Nachschlagen. Einsteiger lernen leicht und Experten klaren schnell diagnostische Fragen.

La recente e crescente attenzione da parte della letteratura scientifica e dei mezzi di comunicazione di massa sui possibili rischi correlati ad un aumento della dose richiede un aumento delle conoscenze relative alla radioprotezione. Obiettivo del presente testo e illustrare la problematica della dose erogata al paziente nei vari campi dell'imaging radiologico, ponendo attenzione sia agli aspetti fisico-tecnologici sia agli aspetti etico-sociali."

Questo volume di ecocardiografia si propone di trattare il tema della valvola mitrale nei suoi aspetti normali e patologici, aggiornandone la trattazione in base ai piu recenti sviluppi della tecnologia. L approccio interdisciplinare nella diagnosi e nella scelta dei trattamenti ha caratterizzato il taglio medico-divulgativo dell opera e il linguaggio chiaro e conciso del testo, rivolto anche ai cardiologi clinici e non ai soli ecocardiografisti. Ampio spazio e dedicato quindi all eziologia e alla fisiopatologia della valvulopatia mitralica.

Rigoroso e accurato, questo testo, redatto con il contributo di esperti nelle varie specialita, e particolarmente ricco di immagini a colori, molte delle quali sono ottenute tramite l ecocardiografia tridimensionale, divenuta ormai la tecnica principe nella valutazione della valvola mitrale. Il testo rappresenta un efficace strumento di approfondimento per i medici cardiologi e, allo stesso tempo, aggiorna i professionisti specializzati in ecocardiografia e diagnostica per immagini.

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Lo studio delle malformazioni fetali rappresenta uno degli argomenti piu complessi nell ambito della medicina fetale.

Negli ultimi anni il ruolo della risonanza magnetica (RM) nell inquadramento diagnostico delle malformazioni fetali isolate e complesse e divenuto sempre piu importante, attestandosi come esame di III livello.

Tale incremento e stato possibile grazie all implementazione tecnologica delle apparecchiature di RM e quindi allo sviluppo di sequenze veloci e ultra veloci.

La RM, solitamente effettuata dopo un ecografia di II livello a partire dalla 19a settimana di gravidanza, puo quindi rappresentare, in casi selezionati, un importante completamento diagnostico nella valutazione di quadri malformativi complessi e nella programmazione di interventi terapeutici nella vita intrauterina e nel postnatale. E necessario sottolineare l importanza di centri di riferimento dedicati e la presenza di un team multidisciplinare per la corretta gestione dei piccoli pazienti.

Il volume e suddiviso in tre parti. Dopo una prima parte piu tecnica, viene trattata l anatomia fetale in RM con attenzione all evoluzione dei singoli organi; la terza parte analizza invece i principali quadri malformativi con particolare riguardo al distretto encefalico, toracico e addominale. Il testo e arricchito da un estesa documentazione iconografica.

Questolibro vuole essere di rapida e facile consultazione e rappresentare un punto di partenza per il radiologo e il neuroradiologo, nonche per tutti gli specialisti interessati alla medicina fetale e in particolare alla risonanza magnetica.

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Das Buch bietet AErzten und Juristen vielseitige Hilfen zur Erstellung von Gutachten auf allen Fachgebieten der Medizin, die als Fundament fur eine Rechtsprechung geeignet sind. Die diagnostische Radiologie hat heute eine grosse Sicherheit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse erreicht. Diese Informationen helfen, die Einschatzung von Folgezustanden nach Unfallen und Krankheiten objektivieren zu koennen. Mit diesem Band erhalten Gutachter aller Fachgebiete der Medizin, Juristen im Sozial- und Arbeitsrecht ferner Berufsgenossenschaften, Versicherungen, Rententrager und Politiker wertvolle Orientierungs- und Entscheidungshilfen.

Although mammography is the primary method used for breast cancer screening, screening mammography is limited especially in women with dense breasts, which includes nearly 50% of all women in the United States. Despite improvements such as digital mammography, computed aided detection, and digital breast tomosynthesis, breast cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The recent proliferation of screening breast ultrasound has led to increased health care costs and false positives, with only a slight improvement in breast cancer detection. It is time for a better test. This is the first textbook dedicated to the subject of abbreviated breast MRI (AB-MR). The editors are principal investigators in the first multicenter trial evaluating AB-MR. Each chapter is authored by a leading expert in the field of breast MRI. AB-MR only takes 10 minutes or less to perform, has a comparable cost to screening breast ultrasound, and detects twice as many cancers compared to combined screening with mammography and ultrasound. The improved performance of AB-MR is irrespective of breast density, family history, overall breast cancer risk, and cancer characteristics (e.g. type, staging, invasive or intraductal, primary or recurrent). As such, it will likely become a routine screening tool in women with dense breasts. Key Features A background on breast MR imaging including a review of current research data Fundamental guidelines for implementing, performing, and interpreting AB-MR Technical approaches with proven efficacy, including biopsy methods Accurate interpretation presented in an easy-to-read flow chart format More than 250 high quality color illustrations AB-MR has the potential to help radiologists overcome breast cancer screening limitations and change current standards of practice. This book provides radiologists with the necessary tools to quickly incorporate AB-MR into clinical practice, with an ultimate goal of improved breast cancer detection rates and patient outcomes.

L'ecografia e utile nella valutazione di patologie articolari in pazienti con malattia reumatica e, oltre che nella diagnosi, e efficace nel monitoraggio con power Doppler della sinovite, con una sensibilita superiore rispetto all'esame clinico. L'ecografia ad alta risoluzione, integrata con la tecnica power Doppler, e anche in grado di individuare le anomalie entesopatiche, l'erosione ossea e il coinvolgimento del tendine. L'obiettivo dell'opera e di presentare la tecnica d'esame, i progressi ecografici nella patologia reumatica muscoloscheletrica e il ruolo diagnostico della ecografia nella patologia reumatica articolare. L'iconografia e arricchita con immagini integrate di ecografia, radiologia convenzionale, TC e RM.

Il ruolo che la diagnostica per immagini riveste nella pratica clinica quotidiana e di giorno in giorno sempre piu rilevante: il moderno radiologo deve possedere un approfondita conoscenza della clinica e dell anatomia patologica e la capacita di correlazione con i reperti radiologici, al fine di poter cogliere anche i minimi segni e reperti rilevabili.

Inoltre, la vastita delle attuali conoscenze richiede non solo una preparazione radiologica generica, ma anche e sempre piu approfondimenti sub-specialistici: cio conduce alla formazione di radiologi d apparato e in alcuni casi d organo, in grado di utilizzare al meglio tutte le tecniche attualmente disponibili, cosi da percorrere correttamente l iter diagnostico, insieme ai colleghi specialisti di altre branche mediche.

Nel presente manuale, che raccoglie 100 casi ben selezionati e significativi, gli Autori dimostrano come, partendo dalla storia clinica del paziente e sfruttando al meglio le tecniche di imaging, sia possibile giungere alla diagnosi: in tal modo, si riduce il ricorso a procedure invasive e a indagini inutili e/o superflue. Grazie al taglio pratico e alla concisa trattazione del testo, i giovani radiologi e gli specializzandi hanno a disposizione un valido e rapido strumento di conoscenza del corretto approccio, approfondimento e aggiornamento della disciplina."

L urgenza vascolare e la vera urgenza. Data la variabilita delle presentazioni cliniche, il radiologo e sempre piu spesso chiamato in causa per problemi diagnosticodifferenziali e a lui sono demandati l inquadramento nosologico e le scelte terapeutiche dei casi dubbi. Se il tempo e l unica variabile determinante, la diagnosi deve essere tempestiva ed accurata perche si possano attuare le scelte terapeutiche idonee. Pertanto e necessario che il radiologo sappia agire con sollecitudine e precisione chirurgica . Lo scopo del volume e fornire, attraverso la presentazione di un ampia casistica, un mezzo facile, veloce e stimolante, attraverso cui il lettore possa confrontarsi.