This atlas draws on a multidisciplinary approach to provide a comprehensive overview on endocrine disorders of the head and neck, with particular emphasis on the role of imaging and image-guided procedures. The first section discusses the basic characteristics of the imaging methods and other techniques used for evaluation and diagnosis. The remainder of the book focuses on application of these methods in thyroid, parathyroid, and other endocrine disorders of the head and neck. The coverage is wide ranging, encompassing Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, thyroiditis, non-toxic goiter, benign nodules, and the different forms of thyroid carcinoma, as well as parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma and paragangliomas. Informative, high-quality images are provided by international experts in endocrine disorders, including endocrinologists, pathologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and surgeons, who also discuss sample cases and provide syntheses of the relevant scientific literature.

Although lymphoscintigraphy was originally introduced into clinical routine for identification of the cause of peripheral edema, more recently it has been widely applied for radioguided biopsy of the sentinel lymph node in patients with solid cancers. The procedure is now considered crucial for adequate planning of oncologic surgery in a growing number of cancers. This atlas presents a collection of richly illustrated teaching cases that demonstrate the clinical relevance and impact of lymphoscintigraphy in different pathologic conditions. After introductory chapters on the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of lymphatic circulation, the role of lymphoscintigraphy in differential diagnosis of peripheral edema and characterization of intracavitary lymph effusions is addressed. The principal focus of the book, however, is on the use of lymphoscintigraphic mapping for radioguided sentinel node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma and cancers at a range of anatomic sites. The most commonly observed lymphoscintigraphic patterns are depicted, and anatomic variants and technical pitfalls of the procedure receive careful attention. The role of tomographic multimodality imaging is also considered. The atlas will be an excellent learning tool for residents in nuclear medicine and other specialists with an interest in the field.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of medullary thyroid carcinoma, both in the more common sporadic form and in the familial form, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B. The coverage includes, but is not limited to, molecular biology and genetics, pathology, clinical presentation, imaging techniques, surgical treatment, and follow-up. The role of calcitonin as a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of MTC and metastatic disease is described, and the significance of other tumor markers is also considered. With regard to treatment, the use of thyroidectomy is fully discussed, including in children carrying the mutations in the RET proto-oncogene considered causative for MEN 2. Additionally, the value of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the most effective treatment modality in patients with a large tumor burden or rapid tumor growth, or both, is explained. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 will be an ideal source of up-to-date information for a wide range of practitioners, including endocrinologists, oncologists, internal medicine specialists, geneticists, and nuclear medicine physicians.

This book, written by authors with national and international reputations in the field, covers all aspects of radionuclide and hybrid bone imaging. Introductory sections present the basic science and consider the current status and limitations of conventional radiological techniques. The underlying principles of PET-CT and SPECT-CT are carefully explained, and the value of different PET and SPECT tracers, assessed. The role of single- and dual-modality approaches in the imaging of benign bone diseases and malignancies is then discussed in detail in a series of well-illustrated chapters. The pathologies addressed include metabolic bone disease, arthritis, bone and joint infections, primary bone and soft tissue tumors, and metastases from breast and prostate cancer. A further section considers the role of bone scintigraphy in the pediatric patient, and the closing chapters focus on miscellaneous subjects, including bone densitometry and radionuclide targeted therapy.

Due to the latest developments in magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of liver pathology, a second, completely revised and enlarged edition of this book was felt necessary - despite only three years having elapsed since the first edition. All chapters from the first edition have been revised and enriched with additional illustrations and information. New chapters have been added covering important and highly relevant topics, among which imaging of pseudolesions, imaging of neoplastic diseases in pediatric subjects, imaging of bile ducts, MR angiography and imaging pre and post liver transplantation. Particular attention has been paid to the differential use of contrast agents with emphasis placed on the authors' broad experience of MR imaging of focal liver lesions using different contrast agents. The diverse mechanisms of action of all MR contrast agents applicable for liver imaging are explained in detail and comparative examples are provided. As was the case with the first edition, this book will prove invaluable to radiologists wishing to further expand or consolidate their routine approach to MR imaging of the liver.

In the past two decades much has been published on whiplash injury, yet both the confusion regarding the condition and the medicolegal discussion surrounding it have increased. In this scenario, a guide to recent and current international research in the field is more necessary than ever. Especially functional imaging methods - such as single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography, functional MRI, and hybrid techniques - have demonstrated a variety of significant brain alterations. This book accordingly offers a critical approach to the challenging interpretation of the new research data obtained using functional neuroimaging in whiplash injury. It covers all aspects, including the imaging tools themselves and the different methods of image analysis. Whiplash Injury: New Methods of Functional Neuroimaging will hopefully help patients, their relatives and friends, physicians, and others to understand this condition as a disease.

This book aims to provide a complete overview of the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). It has been conceived to be both a detailed guide for clinical practice and an updated reference for all those involved in the evaluation of GISTs imaging. The publication provides comprehensive descriptions of the full range of common imaging and non imaging techniques used in the diagnosis and followup of GISTs. Techniques reviewed include: Conventional radiography* Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound* Conventional, color-Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound* Computed tomography* Magnetic resonance imaging, and* Contrast-enhanced PET/CT imaging. Both medical and surgical treatment strategies are also fully reviewed. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter that aims to stimulate widespread interest in the formation of new GISTs Units. Written by experts in the field, the book is enriched throughout by numerous black-and-white and color images, making it an invaluable source of information as well as an indispensable guide to interpreting images for radiologists, gastroenterologists, pathologists, oncologists and surgeons.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles' local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.

The Institute of Nuclear Medicine, founded in 1961, celebrates with this Festschrift, its Golden Jubilee. It has been a remarkable 50 years of progress of the radionuclide tracer methodology. From initial, physiology based experimentation, a full independent medical discipline evolved, and with it, a comprehensive clinical service. Diagnosis and Treatment with radiotracers have established the basis for Nuclear Medicine. Technological advances have permeated the field like none other, its multidisciplinary character and its translational research are embedded in the history of the Institute and its success. Recent and latest advances in the field promise a future as bright as has been witnessed and documented in the last 50 years.

The Third Edition of this classic text presents the basic concepts of PET imaging technology. Topics include basic physics of PET imaging; detectors, scanners and data collection; storage, display, and PACS; PET radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals; reimbursement for PET procedures; and performance of PET studies. This revised edition is thoroughly updated and includes information on new PET scanning detectors and PET/MRI scanners; PET/MRI data acquisition; software packages; recently developed PET radiopharmaceuticals; and new procedures for PET studies. To maximize understanding, the book includes pertinent basic science principles, equations, sample problems and practice questions. Basics of PET Imaging, Third Edition, is an ideal resource for nuclear medicine physicians, residents and technologists.

This book reviews the philosophies, theories, and principles that underpin assessment and evaluation in radiology education, highlighting emerging practices and work done in the field. The sometimes conflicting assessment and evaluation needs of accreditation bodies, academic programs, trainees, and patients are carefully considered. The final section of the book examines assessment and evaluation in practice, through the development of rich case studies reflecting the implementation of a variety of approaches. This is the third book in a trilogy devoted to radiology education. The previous two books focused on the culture and the learning organizations in which our future radiologists are educated and on the application of educational principles in the education of radiologists. Here, the trilogy comes full circle: attending to the assessment and evaluation of the education of its members has much to offer back to the learning of the organization.

99mTc-sestamibi is a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer that is widely used for the imaging of myocardial perfusion, as well as a variety of malignant and benign diseases. 99mTc-Sestamibi - Clinical Applications provides a detailed and informative overview of almost all the oncologic and non-oncologic applications of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT, including several relatively rare indications. Different disease-related protocols for 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT are presented, and for each disease a comprehensive summary of the relevant pathology and epidemiology is provided. Throughout, there is a strong emphasis on the practical aspects of use of this popular tracer, including instructions for the preparation of several commercially available tracer kits. Clinical practitioners will find this book to be an invaluable guide to the application and benefits of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT in both the inpatient and the outpatient setting.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Despite advances and new developments in primary and secondary prevention, the prevalence of the disease and its complications remain high. Early detection has been shown to reduce significantly the risk of cardiac events such as myocardial infarction and death, while modern cardiology now provides specialists and general physicians with a variety of procedures for the assessment of IHD using noninvasive methods. This book reviews the currently available imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of IHD. In addition, the role of cardiac imaging for the detection of viability and hibernation is discussed in detail.

This atlas fills a gap in the literature by documenting in detail the role of nuclear medicine imaging of infection and inflammation. The pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms on which radionuclide imaging of infection/inflammation is based are clearly explained, but the prime focus of the book is on the clinical relevance of such procedures. Their impact is demonstrated by a collection of richly illustrated teaching cases that describe the most commonly observed scintigraphic patterns, as well as anatomic variants and technical pitfalls. Due attention is paid to the application of recently developed techniques, including multimodality fusion imaging such as SPECT/CT and PET/CT. Emphasis is placed in particular on the ability of multimodality imaging to increase both the sensitivity and the specificity of radionuclide imaging. This atlas will be an excellent learning tool for residents in nuclear medicine and illuminating for other specialists with an interest in the field.

In compiling this textbook on the exciting novel imaging modality of PET/MRI, the editors have brought together a truly international group of experts in the field. The book is divided into two parts. The first part covers methodology and equipment and includes chapters on basic molecular medicine, contrast agents, MR attenuation and validation, and quantitative MRI and PET motion correction. The second part of the book focuses on clinical applications in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. Imaging of major neoplasms is covered in a series of individual chapters. Further chapters address functional and metabolic cardiovascular examinations and major central nervous system applications such as brain tumors and dementias. This book will be of interest to all radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians who wish to learn more about the latest developments in this important emerging imaging modality and its applications.

This book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of pediatric nuclear medicine, encompassing both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Detailed attention is paid to the role of FDG PET-CT within oncology, but a variety of other long-established or less frequently used diagnostic procedures are also covered. Each indication is critically discussed from a clinical perspective, with analysis of benefits and limitations and comparison against the information yield of alternative techniques. The coverage of therapy based on radiopharmaceuticals includes the most relevant current strategies, including those utilizing radioiodine, MIBG, or radiolabelled peptides. In addition, issues concerning the radiation risk of nuclear medicine procedures in children are addressed. All chapters have been written by international experts and include the most up-to-date scientific and clinical information.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic imaging in infectious diseases. It starts with a general review of infectious diseases, including their classification, characteristics and epidemiology. In separate chapters, the authors then introduce the radionuclide imaging of 50 kinds of infectious diseases. Volume 1 covers 21 viral infections. Volume 2 has 29 chapters discussing 24 bacterial infections and 5 parasitic infections. Each disease is clearly illustrated using cases combined with high-quality computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The book provides a valuable reference source for radiologists and doctors working in the area of infectious diseases.

Prepare for success on the nuclear medicine component of the radiology Core Exam! Nuclear Medicine: A Core Review, 2nd Edition, by Drs. Chirayu Shah, Marques Bradshaw, and Ishani Dalal is an up-to-date, practical review tool written specifically for the Core Exam. This helpful resource contains 300 image-rich, multiple-choice questions with detailed explanations of right and wrong answers. Fully revised content, high-yield tables for easy review, and additional eBook questions ensure you're ready for the Core Exam or recertification exam. This revised edition includes one hundred new questions with a dedicated physics chapter. Questions removed from the previous edition are still available for review in the eBook., Features questions in all exam areas, including basic imaging, radiopharmaceuticals, relevant organ systems, oncology, and quality/safety control. Provides concise answers with explanations of each choice followed by relevant, up-to-date references. Follows the structure and content of what you'll encounter on the test, conveniently organized by topic. Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Cyclotrons are currently used for the preparation of a wide variety of radionuclides that have applications in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Consequently, there is high demand from IAEA Member States for support in the area of radiopharmaceutical production using cyclotron produced radioisotopes. This publication describes the potential radionuclide production routes using cyclotrons in different energy ranges and provides methods for the development of targets and provides details of the chemistry for the separation of radionuclides from target materials. The readership of this publication includes scientists, operators interested in putting this technology into practice, technologists already working with cyclotrons who wish to enhance the utility of existing machines, and managers in the process of setting up radionuclide facilities in their countries. Students working towards higher level degrees in related fields may also benefit from this publication.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of medullary thyroid carcinoma, both in the more common sporadic form and in the familial form, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B. The coverage includes, but is not limited to, molecular biology and genetics, pathology, clinical presentation, imaging techniques, surgical treatment, and follow-up. The role of calcitonin as a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for the screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of MTC and metastatic disease is described, and the significance of other tumor markers is also considered. With regard to treatment, the use of thyroidectomy is fully discussed, including in children carrying the mutations in the RET proto-oncogene considered causative for MEN 2. Additionally, the value of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the most effective treatment modality in patients with a large tumor burden or rapid tumor growth, or both, is explained. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 will be an ideal source of up-to-date information for a wide range of practitioners, including endocrinologists, oncologists, internal medicine specialists, geneticists, and nuclear medicine physicians.

This book explains in detail the potential value of the hybrid modalities, SPECT-CT and PET-CT, in the imaging of cardiac innervation in a wide range of conditions and diseases, including ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, amyloidosis, heart transplantation, and ventricular arrhythmias. Imaging of the brain-heart axis in neurodegenerative disease and stress and of cardiotoxicity is also discussed. The roles of the various available tracers are fully considered, and individual chapters address radiopharmaceutical development under GMP, imaging physics, and kinetic modeling software. Highly relevant background information is included on the autonomic nervous system of the heart and its pathophysiology, and in addition future perspectives are discussed. Awareness of the importance of autonomic innervation of the heart for the optimal management of cardiac patients is growing, and there is an evident need for objective measurement techniques or imaging modalities. In this context, Autonomic Innervation of the Heart will be of wide interest to clinicians, researchers, and industry.

The third edition of this critically acclaimed book has updated and expanded the survey of clinical, biological and pathological management of localized and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Internationally renowned editors and contributors explore the latest developments in molecular genetics, focusing on the novel targets that have been discovered in epithelial renal tumors. Comprehensive and authoritative, Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications, Third Edition is the definitive text on the rapidly evolving landscape of experimental therapeutics, written and edited by leaders of the field.

This book explains clearly and in detail all aspects of radiation protection in nuclear medicine, including measurement quantities and units, detectors and dosimeters, and radiation biology. Discussion of radiation doses to patients and to embryos, fetuses, and children forms a central part of the book. Phantom models, biokinetic models, calculations, and software solutions are all considered, and a further chapter is devoted to quality assurance and reference levels. Occupational exposure also receives detailed attention. Exposure resulting from the production, labeling, and injection of radiopharmaceuticals and from contact with patients is discussed and shielding calculations are explained. The book closes by considering exposure of the public and summarizing the "rules of thumb" for radiation protection in nuclear medicine. This is an ideal textbook for students and a ready source of useful information for nuclear medicine specialists and medical physics experts.

Intended for nuclear medicine specialists in training, it is equally an invaluable reference for other professionals and students. The richly illustrated chapters are devoted to individual organs and systems, with each chapter depicting the findings in selected pathological cases and in healthy individuals, with a comparison of nuclear medicine with other diagnostic imaging modalities. The full potential and also the limitations of modern nuclear medicine are described and sources of error are elucidated. The author is a well-versed nuclear medicine specialist with experience in research, teaching and clinical practice.

In this volume an account is given of the technologies relevant to the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in the context of surgical oncology. This is a rapidly and evolving field, and the clinical applications discussed in this volume are exciting and important. A multidisciplinary team was assembled to discuss this subject in the light of direct experience gained by each of the groups in the previous 12 months. Clinical case material is presented and the methodology of sentinel lymph node imaging and detection is discussed in detail. The authors have assembled in a single volume a significant amount of personal data and a comprehensive literature review which will serve as a single reference and teaching source for all those interested in this critical technique relevant to the management of large numbers of patients in surgical oncology.