Contents:
1. Ethical and Regulatory Approval for Human Studies A. Warbick-Cerone 2. Instrumentation, Imaging, Data Analysis and Display A.C. Perkins 3. Good Manufacturing Practice in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for Scintigraphic Evaluation M. Frier 4. Drug Delivery to the Respirotory Tract J.G. Hardy 5. Scintigraphic Study of Oesphagael Transit and Retention R.J. Dansereau, R.N. Danserau and J.W. McRorie 6. Scintigraphic Study of Drug Delivery to the Stomach and Small Bowel N. Washington and C.G. Wilson 7. Scintigraphic Study of Colonic Release and Absorption J.M. Hebden, A.C. Perkins and R.C. Spiller 8. Scintigraphic Study of Ocular Drug Delivery C.G. Wilson, Y.P. Zhu and M. Frier 9. Scintigraphic Study of Drug Carriers and Conjugates M.V. Pimm

It is essential to minimize damage to normal tissues during radiation therapy and many strategies have been employed in finding the best methods for radioprotection. This book integrates chemical, biological, and clinical perspectives on these strategies and developments, providing a comprehensive treatise. It emphasizes new concepts in radioprotection, aiming to inspire further basic science and clinical progress in radioprotector research. Radioprotectors: Chemical, Biological, and Clinical Perspectives includes the following topics:
o Early research on radioprotectors
o WR-2721, an aminothiol prodrug, as a radioprotector
o New results with naturally occurring thiols
o Nitroxides as effective radioprotectors in vitro and in vivo
o Radioprotection observed with radical scavengers or antioxidants
o Bone marrow radioprotection with cytokines and biological modifiers
o Multiple mechanisms of altering radiation response by eicosanoids
o Vascular response to radiation and the importance of vascular damage to normal tissue
o Modifiers of radiation-induced apoptosis
o Survey of clinical trials with radioprotectors
Radiation biologists and oncologists, cancer researchers, and toxicologists will benefit from the findings discussed and strategies for future research.

This book will serve as the definitive source of detailed information on radiation, ionization, and detection in nuclear medicine. It opens by considering fundamental aspects of nuclear radiation, including dose and energy, sources, and shielding. Subsequent chapters cover the full range of relevant topics, including the detection and measurement of radiation exposure (with detailed information on mathematical modelling); medical imaging; the different types of radiation detector and their working principles; basic principles of and experimental techniques for deposition of scintillating materials; device fabrication; the optical and electrical behaviors of radiation detectors; and the instrumentation used in nuclear medicine and its application. The book will be an invaluable source of information for academia, industry, practitioners, and researchers.

This publication is a compendium of physical principles, system descriptions, instrument quality assurance, and clinical applications of extant tomographic methods in nuclear medicine. Written by an expert in this pertinent field, each chapter deals with the topics in a comprehensive fashion to provide a ready reference of all the work done on the subject and an estimate of the future utilization. Descriptions of methods available to nuclear medicine for tomographic viewing include positron emission, single photon emission, and planar tomography. This is an excellent resource volume of general applicability for nuclear medicine physicians, nuclear medicine scientists, and researchers in organ imaging and processing techniques.

This handbook will provide updated information on nuclear medicine and molecular imaging techniques as well as its clinical applications, including radionuclide therapy, to trainees and practitioners of nuclear medicine, radiology and general medicine.

Updated information on nuclear medicine and molecular imaging are vitally important and useful to both trainees and existing practitioners. Imaging techniques and agents are advancing and changing so rapidly that concise and pertinent information are absolutely necessary and helpful.

It is hoped that this handbook will help readers be better equipped for the utilization of new imaging methods and treatments using radiopharmaceuticals.

Each year, almost twenty million people worldwide receive the grim diagnosis of cancer, yet few are prepared for the difficult emotional journey ahead. Shortly after Dr. Charles Hayter graduated as a cancer specialist, his father was diagnosed with terminal cancer. As with many doctors, he found that his medical training did not prepare him for the anguish and turmoil he witnessed in himself, his patients, and their loved ones - anguish often worsened by the stigma and shame surrounding cancer and radiation. In Cancer Confidential, Dr. Hayter shares behind-the-scenes stories of people dealing with cancer and death - often through avoidance, denial, and conflict, but also as shining examples of quiet courage, resilience, and humour. The backdrop for the stories is the specialty of radiation oncology. One in three cancer patients will receive radiation therapy, yet it remains a mysterious and often maligned area of medicine. Told in a vivid, dramatic style, Cancer Confidential sheds light on this poorly understood field and reveals intimate stories of individuals and their families in difficult circumstances. It will lend insight, compassion, and support to anyone facing the diagnosis of cancer.

This textbook summarizes the basic knowledge of atomic, nuclear, and radiation physics that professionals working in medical physics and biomedical engineering need for efficient and safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine. Concentrating on the underlying principles of radiation physics, the textbook covers the prerequisite knowledge for medical physics courses on the graduate and post-graduate levels in radiotherapy physics, radiation dosimetry, imaging physics, and health physics, thus providing the link between elementary undergraduate physics and the intricacies of four medical physics specialties: diagnostic radiology physics, nuclear medicine physics, radiation oncology physics, and health physics. To recognize the importance of radiation dosimetry to medical physics three new chapters have been added to the 14 chapters of the previous edition. Chapter 15 provides a general introduction to radiation dosimetry. Chapter 16 deals with absolute radiation dosimetry systems that establish absorbed dose or some other dose related quantity directly from the signal measured by the dosimeter. Three absolute dosimetry techniques are known and described in detail: (i) calorimetric; (ii) chemical (Fricke), and (iii) ionometric. Chapter 17 deals with relative radiation dosimetry systems that rely on a previous dosimeter calibration in a known radiation field. Many relative radiation dosimetry systems have been developed to date and four most important categories used routinely in medicine and radiation protection are described in this chapter: (i) Ionometric dosimetry; (ii) Luminescence dosimetry; (iii) Semiconductor dosimetry; and (iv) Film dosimetry. The book is intended as a textbook for a radiation physics course in academic medical physics graduate programs as well as a reference book for candidates preparing for certification examinations in medical physics sub-specialties. It may also be of interest to many professionals, not only physicists, who in their daily occupations deal with various aspects of medical physics or radiation physics and have a need or desire to improve their understanding of radiation physics.

Written specifically for those candidates about to sit for the FRCR part II examination, the format will also be of use to other trainee radiologists who are not specialists in this field. It contains a number of multiple choice questions covering all aspects of nuclear medicine with particular emphasis on the more common techniques, ie bone, renal and lung scanning. Extensive use is made of review articles, and important articles in the major nuclear medicine journals and references are provided.

This book provides detailed information on the electrochemistry of technetium compounds. After a brief physico-chemical characterization of this element, it presents the comparative chemistry of technetium, manganese and rhenium. Particular attention is paid to the stability, disproportionation, comproportionation, hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of technetium ions and their influence on the observed redox systems. The electrochemical properties of both inorganic as well as organic technetium species in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions are also discussed. The respective chapters cover the whole spectrum of topics related to the application of technetium in nuclear medicine, electrochemistry of technetium in spent nuclear fuel (including corrosion properties of technetium alloys), and detecting trace amounts of technetium with the aid of electrochemical methods. Providing readers with information not easily obtained in any other single source, the book will appeal to researchers working in nuclear chemistry, nuclear medicine or the nuclear industry.

The use of radiopharmaceuticals is an important tool not only for management of diseases and dysfunctions, but also for better understanding human diseases and developing effective treatment options, such as in the case of neurology. In this context, there is concern of continuous, impressive progress in nuclear medicine which is linked to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and efficient production of relevant radioisotopes. These proceedings highlight the main findings and developments discussed during the International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals. They cover the key issues and advances in the field of radiopharmaceuticals from development, production, and use of diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals, as well as regulatory and licensing issues related to their production. Additional topics addressed were education, certification and training methodologies. A supplementary file contains the detailed programme of the symposium and the abstracts of all oral and poster presentations.

Measurement of solid tumor response to treatment relies mainly on imaging. WHO tumor response criteria and, more recently, RECIST (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors) have provided means to objectively measure tumor response in clinical trials with imaging. These guidelines have been rapidly adopted in clinical practice to monitor patient treatment and for therapy planning. However, relying only on anatomical information is not always sufficient when evaluating new drugs that will reduce a tumor's functionality while preserving its size. Finding more reliable and reproducible measures of tumor response is one of the most important and difficult challenges facing modern radiology as it requires an entirely new approach to imaging. The aim of this book is to address the assessment of response to treatment by adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, just as occurs in real life in a comprehensive cancer center. Oncologists and imaging experts consider two cancer models, locally advanced disease and metastatic disease, jointly exploring both conventional and advanced means of measuring response to standard treatment protocols and new targeted therapies.

The book is a compilation of guidelines from various organizations such as Society of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, European Association of Nuclear Medicine, American College of Radiology, and International Atomic Energy Agency. The description of the procedures is simple, easy to understand and current. The aim of this book is: a) Nuclear medicine professionals can use this book as a quick reference about how a procedure is to be performed. The set of instructions given to a patient before, during and after the procedure have also been included in each chapter. b) To educate general physicians about nuclear medicine procedures. The procedures are explained briefly with common indications and precautions. Normal and abnormal nuclear medicine images have also been included for quick comparison. c) To educate paramedical staff or healthcare professionals so that they can brace themselves rather than embrace. By this they can clarify, suffice the eager and send patients to a nuclear medicine department after proper preparation. d) To educate patients who come for nuclear medicine procedure. e) To remove apprehensions and doubts which arise in the mind of the patients.

In compiling this textbook on the exciting novel imaging modality of PET/MRI, the editors have brought together a truly international group of experts in the field. The book is divided into two parts. The first part covers methodology and equipment and includes chapters on basic molecular medicine, contrast agents, MR attenuation and validation, and quantitative MRI and PET motion correction. The second part of the book focuses on clinical applications in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. Imaging of major neoplasms is covered in a series of individual chapters. Further chapters address functional and metabolic cardiovascular examinations and major central nervous system applications such as brain tumors and dementias. This book will be of interest to all radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians who wish to learn more about the latest developments in this important emerging imaging modality and its applications.

This book focuses on radiation applications in various fields such as industry, environmental conservation, analytical sciences, agriculture, medical diagnosis and therapy, and other areas, from laboratory or research scale to practical or commercial scale. The book targets rather beginning or young professionals in radiation chemistry, processing, biology, and medicine, among others, but also introduces the state of the art of the relevant fields. This volume also helps readers to understand the fundamentals of radiation chemistry, physics, and biology that underlie the miscellaneous applications. Readers will understand, for example, that industry utilizes radiation to fabricate water-absorbent materials or semiconductors and also that cancer patients can be cured through radiation without surgery. These and more facts about radiation applications are made available in this valuable book.

This book provides a review of imaging techniques and applications in stem cell transplantation and other cell-based therapies. The basis of different molecular imaging techniques is explained in detail, as is the current state of interventional radiology techniques. While the whole is a comprehensive discussion, each chapter is self-sufficient enough so that each can be reviewed independently. The contributors represent years of international and cross-disciplinary expertise and perspective and are all well known in their fields. comprehensive information on the role of clinical and molecular imaging in stem cell therapy from this book reviewed in detail. Essential reading for radiologists and physicians who are interested in developing a basic understanding of stem cell imaging and applications of stem cells and cell based therapies. However, it will also be of interest to clinical scientists and researchers alike, including those involved in stem cell labeling, tracking & imaging, cancer therapy, angiogenesis and cardiac regeneration.

This book offers an overview of the clinical applications of PET/MR imaging through a case-based format. Hybrid PET/MRI provides functional and anatomical information via one setting offering superior imaging quality with lower radiation dose being administered to the patient. The cases in this book focus on the use of this technique in the diagnosis of oncologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory, and pediatric diseases. Each case is presented with the patient history, protocols, interpretation of findings, and pearls and pitfalls accompanied by high quality PET/MR images. The major strength of this book is the discussion of both MRI and PET findings pertinent to each particular case. It expands the discussion of oncologic applications of this modality through a variety of cases that highlight staging, treatment response, and follow up. Illustrating a spectrum of PET/MRI clinical applications, PET/MR Imaging: A Case-Based Approach is a valuable resource for radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and residents.

Radiotherapy can be delivered with different types of machine, such as external beam high energy radiation machines, kilovoltage machines and brachytherapy equipment. Variation in the incidence of different cancer types, the complexity and cost of treatment technologies, and differences in local social, economic and physical circumstances are all factors that influence technology acquisition, purchase and implementation. This publication addresses one of the many factors, associated with the planning of a new radiotherapy facility or the upgrade of an existing one – the selection of a high energy (megavoltage) radiotherapy machine. The two main high energy machine types are medical linear accelerators (linacs) and cobalt?60 machines. Although both treatment modalities have been compared extensively in the relevant literature, very few publications describe all the issues to consider when choosing a megavoltage machine. This publication puts all appropriate questions into context and provides information for non?technical administrators and decision makers, and for professionals directly involved in treating patients.

A Personal History of Nuclear Medicine is an account of how nuclear medicine developed, and its basic philosophy in the past, present and future. The book outlines the history of the development of nuclear medicine as experienced by the author and describes the hurdles that nuclear medicine has had to face, in view of the perception of risk of radiation. It also explains how nuclear medicine solves medical problems in clinical practice and how it has contributed to a new definition of disease. The book concludes with future projections of the likely developments in this area in the next 50 years. Target market: nuclear medicine professionals as well non-nuclear medicine physicians and the public

Atlas of Virtual Colonoscopy thoroughly revises and updates Abraham Dachman's bestselling first edition. Joined in this edition by co-editor Andrea Laghi, Dr. Dachman has expanded the focus of the text to cover fundamental topics of this rapidly evolving technology, including the history of virtual colonoscopy, a review of clinical trial data from throughout the world, and a presentation of clinical background information. Also included are chapters covering patient preparation and tagging, performing and reporting virtual colonoscopy, viewing methods, MR colonography, and computer aided detection. The second part of the text presents an atlas of high-resolution images with detailed explanations of teaching points, covering normal anatomy; sessile, pedunculated, diminutive and flat lesions; masses; stool and diverticula; and common pitfalls. Atlas of Virtual Colonoscopy is a valuable resource for all radiologists and gastroenterologists interested in learning the fundamentals of this exciting technique.

Based on the experience gained by PET/CT experts with more than 10,000 patients, this manual impressively demonstrates the advantages of combined PET/CT. It also refers to publications from Europe, the USA and Asia as well as numerous studies.

Accurate radiation dosimetry is a requirement of radiation oncology, diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine. It is necessary so as to satisfy the needs of patient safety, therapeutic and diagnostic optimisation, and retrospective epidemiological studies of the biological effects resulting from low absorbed doses of ionising radiation. The radiation absorbed dose received by the patient is the ultimate consequence of the transfer of kinetic energy through collisions between energetic charged particles and atoms of the tissue being traversed. Thus, the ability of the medical physicist to both measure and calculate accurately patient dosimetry demands a deep understanding of the physics of charged particle interactions with matter. Interestingly, the physics of charged particle energy loss has an almost exclusively theoretical basis, thus necessitating an advanced theoretical understanding of the subject in order to apply it appropriately to the clinical regime. Each year, about one-third of the world's population is exposed to ionising radiation as a consequence of diagnostic or therapeutic medical practice. The optimisation of the resulting radiation absorbed dose received by the patient and the clinical outcome sought, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, demands accuracy in the evaluation of the radiation absorbed doses resulting from such exposures. This requirement arrises primarily from two broadly-encompassing factors: The requirement in radiation oncology for a 5% or less uncertainty in the calculation and measurement of absorbed dose so as to optimise the therapeutic ratio of the probabilities of tumour control and normal tissue complications; and The establishment and further refinement of dose reference levels used in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine to minimise the amount of absorbed dose for a required degree of diagnostic benefit. The radiation absorbed dose is the outcome of energetic charged particles decelerating and transferring their kinetic energy to tissue. The calculation of this energy deposition, characterised by the stopping power, is unique in that it is derived entirely from theoretical principles. This dominant role of the associated theory makes its understanding of fundamental to the calculation of the radiation absorbed dose to the patient. The theoretical development of charged particle energy loss recognised in medical physics textbooks is in general limited to basic derivations based upon classical theory, generally a simplified form of the Bohr theory. More advanced descriptions of, for example, the Bethe-Bloch quantum result usually do not go beyond the simple presentation of the result without full explanation of the theoretical development of the theory and consideration of its limitations, its dependencies upon the Born perturbation theory and the various correction factors needed to correct for the failures of that Born theory at higher orders. This is not appropriate for a full understanding of the theory that its importance deserves. The medical radiation physicist should be aware of the details of the theoretical derivations of charged particle energy loss in order to appreciate the levels of accuracy in tabular data provided in reports and the calculation methodologies used in modern Monte Carlo calculations of radiation dosimetry.

PET and SPECT in Psychiatry showcases the combined expertise of renowned authors whose dedication to the investigation of psychiatric disease through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. The classical psychiatric disorders as well as other subjects - such as suicide, sleep, eating disorders, and autism - are discussed and the latest results in functional neuroimaging are detailed. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical psychiatrist and a nuclear medicine expert to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be valuable to all who have an interest in the field of neuroscience, from the psychiatrist and the radiologist/nuclear medicine specialist to the interested general practitioner and cognitive psychologist. It is the first volume of a trilogy on PET and SPECT imaging in the neurosciences; other volumes will focus on PET and SPECT in neurology and PET and SPECT of neurobiological systems.

The third edition of this critically acclaimed book has updated and expanded the survey of clinical, biological and pathological management of localized and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Internationally renowned editors and contributors explore the latest developments in molecular genetics, focusing on the novel targets that have been discovered in epithelial renal tumors. Comprehensive and authoritative, Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications, Third Edition is the definitive text on the rapidly evolving landscape of experimental therapeutics, written and edited by leaders of the field.

Presented here is the story of the mining and sale of uranium and radium ore through biographical vignettes, chemistry, physics, geology, geography, occupational health, medical utilization, environmental safety and industrial history. Included are the people and places involved over the course of over 90 years of interconnected mining and sale of radium and uranium, finally ending in 1991 with the abandonment of radium paint and medical devices, Soviet nuclear parity, and the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act.

Advanced Imaging of the Abdomen is invaluable to the practising radiologist, and the more senior radiology resident and fellow, who is looking for a background reference source when discussing a suggested imaging approach with the referring physician. The book includes extensive lists, tables, line drawings and illustrations - ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance images, scintigraphy. It bridges the interface between the referring clinician and radiologist when faced with a patient suspected of having a complex or more unusual abdominal condition.