This book is the result of 20 years of investigations carried out by the author and his colleagues in order to bring closer and, to a certain extent, synthesize a number of well-known results, ideas and methods from the theory of function approximation, theory of differential and integral equations and numerical analysis. The book opens with an introduction on the theory of function approximation and is followed by a new approach to the Fredholm integral equations to the second kind. Several chapters are devoted to the construction of new methods for the effective approximation of solutions of several important integral, and ordinary and partial differential equations. In addition, new general results on the theory of linear differential equations with one regular singular point, as well as applications of the various new methods are discussed.

The influence of scientific computing has become very wide over the last few decades: almost every area of science and engineering is greatly influenced by simulations - image processing, thin films, mathematical finance, electrical engineering, moving interfaces and combustion, to name but a few.

One half of this book focuses on the techniques of scientific computing: domain decomposition, the absorption of boundary conditions and one-way operators, convergence analysis of multi-grid methods and other multi-grid techniques, dynamical systems, and matrix analysis.

The remainder of the book is concerned with combining techniques with concrete applications: stochastic differential equations, image processing, thin films, and asymptotic analysis for combustion problems.

Leonardo wrote, Mechanics is the paradise of the mathematical sciences, because by means of it one comes to the fruits of mathematics; replace Mechanics by Fluid mechanics and here we are.
- From the Preface to the Second Edition

Although the exponential growth of computer power has advanced the importance of simulations and visualization tools for elaborating new models, designs and technologies, the discipline of fluid mechanics is still large, and turbulence in flows remains a challenging problem in classical physics. Like its predecessor, the revised and expanded Second Edition of this book addresses the basic principles of fluid mechanics and solves fluid flow problems where viscous effects are the dominant physical phenomena.

Much progress has occurred in the half a century that has passed since the edition of 1964. As predicted, aspects of hydrodynamics once considered offbeat have risen to importance. For example, the authors have worked on problems where variations in viscosity and surface tension cannot be ignored. The advent of nanotechnology has broadened interest in the hydrodynamics of thin films, and hydromagnetic effects and radiative heat transfer are routinely encountered in materials processing. This monograph develops the basic equations, in the three most important coordinate systems, in a way that makes it easy to incorporate these phenomena into the theory.

The book originally described by Prof. Langlois as "a monograph on theoretical hydrodynamics, written in the language of applied mathematics" offers much new coverage including the second principle of thermodynamics, the Boussinesq approximation, time dependent flows, Marangoni convection, Kovasznay flow, plane periodic solutions, Hele-Shaw cells, Stokeslets, rotlets, finite element methods, Wannier flow, corner eddies, and analysis of the Stokes operator.

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The Finite Element Method in Engineering, Sixth Edition, provides a thorough grounding in the mathematical principles behind the Finite Element Analysis technique-an analytical engineering tool originated in the 1960's by the aerospace and nuclear power industries to find usable, approximate solutions to problems with many complex variables. Rao shows how to set up finite element solutions in civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering applications. The new edition features updated real-world examples from MATLAB, Ansys and Abaqus, and a new chapter on additional FEM topics including extended FEM (X-FEM). Professional engineers will benefit from the introduction to the many useful applications of finite element analysis.

Along with finite differences and finite elements, spectral methods are one of the three main methodologies for solving partial differential equations on computers. This book provides a detailed presentation of basic spectral algorithms, as well as a systematical presentation of basic convergence theory and error analysis for spectral methods. Readers of this book will be exposed to a unified framework for designing and analyzing spectral algorithms for a variety of problems, including in particular high-order differential equations and problems in unbounded domains. The book contains a large number of figures which are designed to illustrate various concepts stressed in the book. A set of basic matlab codes has been made available online to help the readers to develop their own spectral codes for their specific applications.

This book provides state-of-the-art and interdisciplinary topics on solving matrix eigenvalue problems, particularly by using recent petascale and upcoming post-petascale supercomputers. It gathers selected topics presented at the International Workshops on Eigenvalue Problems: Algorithms; Software and Applications, in Petascale Computing (EPASA2014 and EPASA2015), which brought together leading researchers working on the numerical solution of matrix eigenvalue problems to discuss and exchange ideas - and in so doing helped to create a community for researchers in eigenvalue problems. The topics presented in the book, including novel numerical algorithms, high-performance implementation techniques, software developments and sample applications, will contribute to various fields that involve solving large-scale eigenvalue problems.

This book presents methodologies for analysing large data sets produced by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulence and combustion. It describes the development of models that can be used to analyse large eddy simulations, and highlights both the most common techniques and newly emerging ones. The chapters, written by internationally respected experts, invite readers to consider DNS of turbulence and combustion from a formal, data-driven standpoint, rather than one led by experience and intuition. This perspective allows readers to recognise the shortcomings of existing models, with the ultimate goal of quantifying and reducing model-based uncertainty. In addition, recent advances in machine learning and statistical inferences offer new insights on the interpretation of DNS data. The book will especially benefit graduate-level students and researchers in mechanical and aerospace engineering, e.g. those with an interest in general fluid mechanics, applied mathematics, and the environmental and atmospheric sciences.

The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level textbooks in mathematics, mathematical methods and their applications. Apart from covering important areas of current interest, a major aim is to make topics of an interdisciplinary nature accessible to the non-specialist. The works in this series are addressed to advanced students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. In addition, it can serve as a guide for lectures and seminars on a graduate level. The series de Gruyter Studies in Mathematics was founded ca. 35 years ago by the late Professor Heinz Bauer and Professor Peter Gabriel with the aim to establish a series of monographs and textbooks of high standard, written by scholars with an international reputation presenting current fields of research in pure and applied mathematics.While the editorial board of the Studies has changed with the years, the aspirations of the Studies are unchanged. In times of rapid growth of mathematical knowledge carefully written monographs and textbooks written by experts are needed more than ever, not least to pave the way for the next generation of mathematicians. In this sense the editorial board and the publisher of the Studies are devoted to continue the Studies as a service to the mathematical community. Please submit any book proposals to Niels Jacob. Titles in planning includeFlavia Smarazzo and Alberto Tesei, Measure Theory: Radon Measures, Young Measures, and Applications to Parabolic Problems (2019)Elena Cordero and Luigi Rodino, Time-Frequency Analysis of Operators (2019)Mark M. Meerschaert, Alla Sikorskii, and Mohsen Zayernouri, Stochastic and Computational Models for Fractional Calculus, second edition (2020)Mariusz Lemanczyk, Ergodic Theory: Spectral Theory, Joinings, and Their Applications (2020)Marco Abate, Holomorphic Dynamics on Hyperbolic Complex Manifolds (2021)Miroslava Antic, Joeri Van der Veken, and Luc Vrancken, Differential Geometry of Submanifolds: Submanifolds of Almost Complex Spaces and Almost Product Spaces (2021)Kai Liu, Ilpo Laine, and Lianzhong Yang, Complex Differential-Difference Equations (2021)Rajendra Vasant Gurjar, Kayo Masuda, and Masayoshi Miyanishi, Affine Space Fibrations (2022)

'This is a deep and beautiful monograph in functional analysis, at the interface with mathematical physics.'Mathematical ReviewsThe integration of vector valued functions with respect to vector valued measures, especially spectral measures, is developed in view of applications in operator theory, scattering theory and semiclassical approximation in quantum physics. New techniques are developed for bilinear integration in cases where the classical approach does not apply.

Fourier analysis is a subject that was born in physics but grew up in mathematics. Now it is part of the standard repertoire for mathematicians, physicists and engineers. This diversity of interest is often overlooked, but in this much-loved book, Tom Koerner provides a shop window for some of the ideas, techniques and elegant results of Fourier analysis, and for their applications. These range from number theory, numerical analysis, control theory and statistics, to earth science, astronomy and electrical engineering. The prerequisites are few (a reader with knowledge of second- or third-year undergraduate mathematics should have no difficulty following the text), and the style is lively and entertaining. This edition of Koerner's 1989 text includes a foreword written by Professor Terence Tao introducing it to a new generation of fans.

This book presents numerical and other approximation techniques for solving various types of mathematical problems that cannot be solved analytically. In addition to well known methods, it contains some non-standard approximation techniques that are now formally collected as well as original methods developed by the author that do not appear in the literature.

This book contains an extensive treatment of approximate solutions to various types of integral equations, a topic that is not often discussed in detail. There are detailed analyses of ordinary and partial differential equations and descriptions of methods for estimating the values of integrals that are presented in a level of detail that will suggest techniques that will be useful for developing methods for approximating solutions to problems outside of this text.

The book is intended for researchers who must approximate solutions to problems that cannot be solved analytically. It is also appropriate for students taking courses in numerical approximation techniques.

This book provides in-depth and wide-ranging analyses of the emergence, and subsequent ubiquity, of algorithms in diverse realms of social life. The plurality of Algorithmic Cultures emphasizes: 1) algorithms' increasing importance in the formation of new epistemic and organizational paradigms; and 2) the multifaceted analyses of algorithms across an increasing number of research fields. The authors in this volume address the complex interrelations between social groups and algorithms in the construction of meaning and social interaction. The contributors highlight the performative dimensions of algorithms by exposing the dynamic processes through which algorithms - themselves the product of a specific approach to the world - frame reality, while at the same time organizing how people think about society. With contributions from leading experts from Media Studies, Social Studies of Science and Technology, Cultural and Media Sociology from Canada, France, Germany, UK and the USA, this volume presents cutting edge empirical and conceptual research that includes case studies on social media platforms, gaming, financial trading and mobile security infrastructures.

This is the first book on constructive methods for, and applications of orthogonal polynomials, and the first available collection of relevant Matlab codes. The book begins with a concise introduction to the theory of polynomials orthogonal on the real line (or a portion thereof), relative to a positive measure of integration. Topics which are particularly relevant to computation are emphasized. The second chapter develops computational methods for generating the coefficients in the basic three-term recurrence relation. The methods are of two kinds: moment-based methods and discretization methods. The former are provided with a detailed sensitivity analysis. Other topics addressed concern Cauchy integrals of orthogonal polynomials and their computation, a new discussion of modification algorithms, and the generation of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. The final chapter deals with selected applications: the numerical evaluation of integrals, especially by Gauss-type quadrature methods, polynomial least squares approximation, moment-preserving spline approximation, and the summation of slowly convergent series. Detailed historic and bibliographic notes are appended to each chapter. The book will be of interest not only to mathematicians and numerical analysts, but also to a wide clientele of scientists and engineers who perceive a need for applying orthogonal polynomials.

This text presents numerical differential equations to graduate (doctoral) students. It includes the three standard approaches to numerical PDE, FDM, FEM and CM, and the two most common time stepping techniques, FDM and Runge-Kutta. We present both the numerical technique and the supporting theory.The applied techniques include those that arise in the present literature. The supporting mathematical theory includes the general convergence theory. This material should be readily accessible to students with basic knowledge of mathematical analysis, Lebesgue measure and the basics of Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. Nevertheless, we have made the book free standing in most respects. Most importantly, the terminology is introduced, explained and developed as needed.The examples presented are taken from multiple vital application areas including finance, aerospace, mathematical biology and fluid mechanics. The text may be used as the basis for several distinct lecture courses or as a reference. For instance, this text will support a general applications course or an FEM course with theory and applications. The presentation of material is empirically-based as more and more is demanded of the reader as we progress through the material. By the end of the text, the level of detail is reminiscent of journal articles. Indeed, it is our intention that this material be used to launch a research career in numerical PDE.

This book covers finite element methods for several typical eigenvalues that arise from science and engineering. Both theory and implementation are covered in depth at the graduate level. The background for typical eigenvalue problems is included along with functional analysis tools, finite element discretization methods, convergence analysis, techniques for matrix evaluation problems, and computer implementation. The book also presents new methods, such as the discontinuous Galerkin method, and new problems, such as the transmission eigenvalue problem.

This textbook for undergraduate mathematics, science, and engineering students introduces the theory and applications of discrete Fourier and wavelet transforms using elementary linear algebra, without assuming prior knowledge of signal processing or advanced analysis.It explains how to use the Fourier matrix to extract frequency information from a digital signal and how to use circulant matrices to emphasize selected frequency ranges. It introduces discrete wavelet transforms for digital signals through the lifting method and illustrates through examples and computer explorations how these transforms are used in signal and image processing. Then the general theory of discrete wavelet transforms is developed via the matrix algebra of two-channel filter banks. Finally, wavelet transforms for analog signals are constructed based on filter bank results already presented, and the mathematical framework of multiresolution analysis is examined.

This textbook for undergraduate mathematics, science, and engineering students introduces the theory and applications of discrete Fourier and wavelet transforms using elementary linear algebra, without assuming prior knowledge of signal processing or advanced analysis.It explains how to use the Fourier matrix to extract frequency information from a digital signal and how to use circulant matrices to emphasize selected frequency ranges. It introduces discrete wavelet transforms for digital signals through the lifting method and illustrates through examples and computer explorations how these transforms are used in signal and image processing. Then the general theory of discrete wavelet transforms is developed via the matrix algebra of two-channel filter banks. Finally, wavelet transforms for analog signals are constructed based on filter bank results already presented, and the mathematical framework of multiresolution analysis is examined.

Numerical Analysis with Algorithms and Programming is the first comprehensive textbook to provide detailed coverage of numerical methods, their algorithms, and corresponding computer programs. It presents many techniques for the efficient numerical solution of problems in science and engineering. Along with numerous worked-out examples, end-of-chapter exercises, and Mathematica (R) programs, the book includes the standard algorithms for numerical computation: Root finding for nonlinear equations Interpolation and approximation of functions by simpler computational building blocks, such as polynomials and splines The solution of systems of linear equations and triangularization Approximation of functions and least square approximation Numerical differentiation and divided differences Numerical quadrature and integration Numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and boundary value problems Numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) The text develops students' understanding of the construction of numerical algorithms and the applicability of the methods. By thoroughly studying the algorithms, students will discover how various methods provide accuracy, efficiency, scalability, and stability for large-scale systems.

For one or two term undergraduate/graduate-level courses in Numerical Methods in mathematics departments (for numerical analysis courses), CS departments and engineering departments. This student-friendly introduction to the fundamental concepts and techniques of numerical analysis/numerical methods develops concepts and techniques in a clear, concise, easy-to-read manner, followed by fully-worked examples. Application problems drawn from the literature of many different fields prepares students to use the techniques covered to solve a wide variety of practical problems. *Unique topical coverage - Provides extensive coverage of material not typically covered, or only briefly discussed, in other texts - e.g., eigenvalue problem for nonsymmetric matrices; improper integrals (removable singularities, derivative singularities, logarithmic singularities and infinite limits of integration); non-Dirichlet boundary conditions, the handling of artificial singularities and eigenvalue problems for one-dimensional boundary value problems; non-Dirichlet boundary conditions, the multigrid method and irregular domains for elliptic partial differential equations; (source and decay terms, non-Diric

This book compiles recent developments on sliding mode control theory and its applications. Each chapter presented in the book proposes new dimension in the sliding mode control theory such as higher order sliding mode control, event triggered sliding mode control, networked control, higher order discrete-time sliding mode control and sliding mode control for multi-agent systems. Special emphasis has been given to practical solutions to design involving new types of sliding mode control. This book is a reference guide for graduate students and researchers working in the domain for designing sliding mode controllers. The book is also useful to professional engineers working in the field to design robust controllers for various applications.

This book features original research papers presented at the International Conference on Computational and Applied Mathematics, held at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India during November 23-25, 2018. This book covers various topics under applied mathematics, ranging from modeling of fluid flow, numerical techniques to physical problems, electrokinetic transport phenomenon, graph theory and optimization, stochastic modelling and machine learning. It introduces the mathematical modeling of complicated scientific problems, discusses micro- and nanoscale transport phenomena, recent development in sophisticated numerical algorithms with applications, and gives an in-depth analysis of complicated real-world problems. With contributions from internationally acclaimed academic researchers and experienced practitioners and covering interdisciplinary applications, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and students in fields of mathematics, statistics, engineering, and health care.

This book defines sets of orthogonal polynomials and derives a number of properties satisfied by any such set. It continues by describing the classical orthogonal polynomials and the additional properties they have.The first chapter defines the orthogonality condition for two functions. It then gives an iterative process to produce a set of polynomials which are orthogonal to one another and then describes a number of properties satisfied by any set of orthogonal polynomials. The classical orthogonal polynomials arise when the weight function in the orthogonality condition has a particular form. These polynomials have a further set of properties and in particular satisfy a second order differential equation.Each subsequent chapter investigates the properties of a particular polynomial set starting from its differential equation.

This volume comprises selected, revised papers from the Joint CIM-WIAS Workshop, TAAO 2017, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2017. The workshop brought together experts from research groups at the Weierstrass Institute in Berlin and mathematics centres in Portugal to present and discuss current scientific topics and to promote existing and future collaborations. The papers include the following topics: PDEs with applications to material sciences, thermodynamics and laser dynamics, scientific computing, nonlinear optimization and stochastic analysis.

Developed during ten years of teaching experience, this book serves as a set of lecture notes for an introductory course on numerical computation, at the senior undergraduate level. These notes contain the material that can be covered in a semester, together with a few optional sections for additional reading. Rather than surveying a large number of algorithms, the book presents the most important computational methods and emphasizes the underlying mathematical ideas. In most chapters, graphs and drawings are relied on, to build up intuition. The notes are written in a rather colloquial style, presenting the subject matter in the same form as it can be explained in a classroom. For instructors, this will minimize the amount of effort required to prepare their blackboard presentations.As prerequisites, the book only relies on standard calculus, an introductory course on matrices, and some basic computer programming skills. As a new feature, these notes are supplemented by two sets of videos from the author's Youtube channel. These videos contain a complete set of live lectures given in Spring 2015, together with a complete set of short tutorials, from 5 to 15 minutes each.A set of homework problems is included at the end of each chapter. Homework projects cover a variety of applications, in connection with population dynamics, engineering, mechanics, image reconstruction, etc. A complete set of solutions is available for instructors, upon request.

Matrix functions and matrix equations are widely used in science, engineering and social sciences due to the succinct and insightful way in which they allow problems to be formulated and solutions to be expressed. This book covers materials relevant to advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in numerical linear algebra and scientific computing. It is also well-suited for self-study. The broad content makes it convenient as a general reference to the subjects.