This book pioneers a nonlinear Fredholm theory in a general class of spaces called polyfolds. The theory generalizes certain aspects of nonlinear analysis and differential geometry, and combines them with a pinch of category theory to incorporate local symmetries. On the differential geometrical side, the book introduces a large class of `smooth' spaces and bundles which can have locally varying dimensions (finite or infinite-dimensional). These bundles come with an important class of sections, which display properties reminiscent of classical nonlinear Fredholm theory and allow for implicit function theorems. Within this nonlinear analysis framework, a versatile transversality and perturbation theory is developed to also cover equivariant settings. The theory presented in this book was initiated by the authors between 2007-2010, motivated by nonlinear moduli problems in symplectic geometry. Such problems are usually described locally as nonlinear elliptic systems, and they have to be studied up to a notion of isomorphism. This introduces symmetries, since such a system can be isomorphic to itself in different ways. Bubbling-off phenomena are common and have to be completely understood to produce algebraic invariants. This requires a transversality theory for bubbling-off phenomena in the presence of symmetries. Very often, even in concrete applications, geometric perturbations are not general enough to achieve transversality, and abstract perturbations have to be considered. The theory is already being successfully applied to its intended applications in symplectic geometry, and should find applications to many other areas where partial differential equations, geometry and functional analysis meet. Written by its originators, Polyfold and Fredholm Theory is an authoritative and comprehensive treatise of polyfold theory. It will prove invaluable for researchers studying nonlinear elliptic problems arising in geometric contexts.

Explore a Unified Treatment of the Finite Element Method The finite element method has matured to the point that it can accurately and reliably be used, by a careful analyst, for an amazingly wide range of applications. With expanded coverage and an increase in fully solved examples, the second edition of Finite Element Analysis: Thermomechanics of Solids presents a unified treatment of the finite element method in theremomechanics, from the basics to advanced concepts. An Integrated Presentation of Critical Technology As in the first edition, the author presents and explicates topics in a way that demonstrates the highly unified structure of the finite element method. The presentation integrates continuum mechanics and relevant mathematics with persistent reliance on variational and incremental-variational foundations. The author exploits matrix-vector formalisms and Kronecker product algebra to provide transparent and consistent notation throughout the text. Nearly twice as long as the first edition, this second edition features: Greater integration and balance between introductory and advanced material Increased number of fully solved examples Selected developments in numerical methods, detailing accelerating computations in eigenstructure extraction, time integration, and stiffness matrix triangularization More extensive coverage of the arc length method for nonlinear problems Expanded and enhanced treatment of rotating bodies and buckling Provides Sophisticated Understanding of Capabilities and Limitations This new edition of a popular text includes significant illustrative examples and applications, modeling strategies, and explores a range

This book illustrates several aspects of the current research activity in operator theory, operator algebras and applications in various areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. It is addressed to specialists but also to graduate students in several fields including global analysis, Schur analysis, complex analysis, C*-algebras, noncommutative geometry, operator algebras, operator theory and their applications. Contributors: F. Arici, S. Bernstein, V. Bolotnikov, J. Bourgain, P. Cerejeiras, F. Cipriani, F. Colombo, F. D'Andrea, G. Dell'Antonio, M. Elin, U. Franz, D. Guido, T. Isola, A. Kula, L.E. Labuschagne, G. Landi, W.A. Majewski, I. Sabadini, J.-L. Sauvageot, D. Shoikhet, A. Skalski, H. de Snoo, D. C. Struppa, N. Vieira, D.V. Voiculescu, and H. Woracek.

This book addresses the modelling of mechanical waves by asking the right questions about them and trying to find suitable answers. The questions follow the analytical sequence from elementary understandings to complicated cases, following a step-by-step path towards increased knowledge. The focus is on waves in elastic solids, although some examples also concern non-conservative cases for the sake of completeness. Special attention is paid to the understanding of the influence of microstructure, nonlinearity and internal variables in continua. With the help of many mathematical models for describing waves, physical phenomena concerning wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, emergence of solitary waves, scales and hierarchies of waves as well as the governing physical parameters are analysed. Also, the energy balance in waves and non-conservative models with energy influx are discussed. Finally, all answers are interwoven into the canvas of complexity.

Thirty years ago mathematical, as opposed to applied numerical, computation was difficult to perform and so relatively little used. Three threads changed that: the emergence of the personal computer; the discovery of fiber-optics and the consequent development of the modern internet; and the building of the Three M s Maple, Mathematica and Matlab.

We intend to persuade that Maple and other like tools are worth knowing assuming only that one wishes to be a mathematician, a mathematics educator, a computer scientist, an engineer or scientist, or anyone else who wishes/needs to use mathematics better. We also hope to explain how to become an experimental mathematician' while learning to be better at proving things. To accomplish this our material is divided into three main chapters followed by a postscript. These cover elementary number theory, calculus of one and several variables, introductory linear algebra, and visualization and interactive geometric computation."

Various general techniques have been developed for control and systems problems, many of which involve indirect methods. Because these indirect methods are not always effective, alternative approaches using direct methods are of particular interest and relevance given the advances of computing in recent years.The focus of this book, unique in the literature, is on direct methods, which are concerned with finding actual solutions to problems in control and systems, often algorithmic in nature. Throughout the work, deterministic and stochastic problems are examined from a unified perspective and with considerable rigor. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical basis of the methods and their potential utility in a broad range of control and systems problems.The book is an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers, applied mathematicians, and control engineers and may be used as a textbook for a graduate course or seminar on direct methods in control.

This is the second of three volumes that form the Encyclopedia of Special Functions, an extensive update of the Bateman Manuscript Project. Volume 2 covers multivariable special functions. When the Bateman project appeared, study of these was in an early stage, but revolutionary developments began to be made in the 1980s and have continued ever since. World-renowned experts survey these over the course of 12 chapters, each containing an extensive bibliography. The reader encounters different perspectives on a wide range of topics, from Dunkl theory, to Macdonald theory, to the various deep generalizations of classical hypergeometric functions to the several variables case, including the elliptic level. Particular attention is paid to the close relation of the subject with Lie theory, geometry, mathematical physics and combinatorics.

Nonlinearity plays a major role in the understanding of most physical, chemical, biological, and engineering sciences. Nonlinear problems fascinate scientists and engineers, but often elude exact treatment. However elusive they may be, the solutions do exist-if only one perseveres in seeking them out. Self-Similarity and Beyond presents a myriad of approaches to finding exact solutions for a diversity of nonlinear problems. These include group-theoretic methods, the direct method of Clarkson and Kruskal, traveling waves, hodograph methods, balancing arguments, embedding special solutions into a more general class, and the infinite series approach. The author's approach is entirely constructive. Numerical solutions either motivate the analysis or confirm it, therefore they are treated alongside the analysis whenever possible. Many examples drawn from real physical situations-primarily fluid mechanics and nonlinear diffusion-illustrate and emphasize the central points presented. Accessible to a broad base of readers, Self-Similarity and Beyond illuminates a variety of productive methods for meeting the challenges of nonlinearity. Researchers and graduate students in nonlinearity, partial differential equations, and fluid mechanics, along with mathematical physicists and numerical analysts, will re-discover the importance of exact solutions and find valuable additions to their mathematical toolkits.

This book provides an introduction to dynamical systems with multiple time scales. The approach it takes is to provide an overview of key areas, particularly topics that are less available in the introductory form. The broad range of topics included makes it accessible for students and researchers new to the field to gain a quick and thorough overview. The first of its kind, this book merges a wide variety of different mathematical techniques into a more unified framework. The book is highly illustrated with many examples and exercises and an extensive bibliography. The target audience of this book are senior undergraduates, graduate students as well as researchers interested in using the multiple time scale dynamics theory in nonlinear science, either from a theoretical or a mathematical modeling perspective.

Adopting the view common in the finite element analysis, the authors of Separation of Variables for Partial Differential Equations: An Eigenfunction Approach introduce a computable separation of variables solution as an analytic approximate solution. At the heart of the text, they consider a general partial differential equation in two independent variables with a source term and subject to boundary and initial conditions. They give an algorithm for approximating and solving the problem and illustrate the application of this approach to the heat, wave, and potential equations. They illustrate the power of the technique by solving a variety of practical problems, many of which go well beyond the usual textbook examples. Written at the advanced undergraduate level, the book will serve equally well as a text for students and as a reference for instructors and users of separation of variables. It requires a background in engineering mathematics, but no prior exposure to separation of variables. The abundant worked examples provide guidance for deciding whether and how to apply the method to any given problem, help in interpreting computed solutions, and give insight into cases in which formal answers may be useless.

This book describes the development of a constitutive modeling platform for soil testing, which is one of the key components in geomechanics and geotechnics. It discusses the fundamentals of the constitutive modeling of soils and illustrates the use of these models to simulate various laboratory tests. To help readers understand the fundamentals and modeling of soil behaviors, it first introduces the general stress-strain relationship of soils and the principles and modeling approaches of various laboratory tests, before examining the ideas and formulations of constitutive models of soils. Moving on to the application of constitutive models, it presents a modeling platform with a practical, simple interface, which includes various kinds of tests and constitutive models ranging from clay to sand, that is used for simulating most kinds of laboratory tests. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate-level teaching in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering and other related engineering specialties. Thanks to the inclusion of real-world applications, it is also of use to industry practitioners, opening the door to advanced courses on modeling within the industrial engineering and operations research fields.

"Blind Source Separation" intends to report the new results of the efforts on the study of Blind Source Separation (BSS). The book collects novel research ideas and some training in BSS, independent component analysis (ICA), artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered in many journals and conferences worldwide are methodically edited and presented in a unified form. The book is likely to be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms and applications of BSS.

Dr. Ganesh R. Naik works at University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; Dr. Wenwu Wang works at University of Surrey, UK.

This book provides an elementary introduction to one-dimensional fluid flow problems involving shock waves in air. The differential equations of fluid flow are approximated by finite difference equations and these in turn are numerically integrated in a stepwise manner, with artificial viscosity introduced into the numerical calculations in order to deal with shocks. This treatment of the subject is focused on the finite-difference approach to solve the coupled differential equations of fluid flow and presents the results arising from the numerical solution using Mathcad programming. Both plane and spherical shock waves are discussed with particular emphasis on very strong explosive shocks in air. This expanded second edition features substantial new material on sound wave parameters, Riemann's method for numerical integration of the equations of motion, approximate analytical expressions for weak shock waves, short duration piston motion, numerical results for shock wave interactions, and new appendices on the piston withdrawal problem and numerical results for a closed shock tube. This text will appeal to students, researchers, and professionals in shock wave research and related fields. Students in particular will appreciate the benefits of numerical methods in fluid mechanics and the level of presentation.

This is the third of three volumes providing a comprehensive presentation of the fundamentals of scientific computing. This volume discusses topics that depend more on calculus than linear algebra, in order to prepare the reader for solving differential equations. This book and its companions show how to determine the quality of computational results, and how to measure the relative efficiency of competing methods. Readers learn how to determine the maximum attainable accuracy of algorithms, and how to select the best method for computing problems. This book also discusses programming in several languages, including C++, Fortran and MATLAB. There are 90 examples, 200 exercises, 36 algorithms, 40 interactive JavaScript programs, 91 references to software programs and 1 case study. Topics are introduced with goals, literature references and links to public software. There are descriptions of the current algorithms in GSLIB and MATLAB. This book could be used for a second course in numerical methods, for either upper level undergraduates or first year graduate students. Parts of the text could be used for specialized courses, such as nonlinear optimization or iterative linear algebra.

This volume on some recent aspects of finite element methods and their applications is dedicated to Ulrich Langer and Arnd Meyer on the occasion of their 60th birthdays in 2012. Their work combines the numerical analysis of finite element algorithms, their efficient implementation on state of the art hardware architectures, and the collaboration with engineers and practitioners. In this spirit, this volume contains contributions of former students and collaborators indicating the broad range of their interests in the theory and application of finite element methods. Topics cover the analysis of domain decomposition and multilevel methods, including hp finite elements, hybrid discontinuous Galerkin methods, and the coupling of finite and boundary element methods; the efficient solution of eigenvalue problems related to partial differential equations with applications in electrical engineering and optics; and the solution of direct and inverse field problems in solid mechanics.

The object of homogenization theory is the description of the macroscopic properties of structures with fine microstructure, covering a wide range of applications that run from the study of properties of composites to optimal design. The structures under consideration may model cellular elastic materials, fibred materials, stratified or porous media, or materials with many holes or cracks. In mathematical terms, this study can be translated in the asymptotic analysis of fast-oscillating differential equations or integral functionals. The book presents an introduction to the mathematical theory of homogenization of nonlinear integral functionals, with particular regard to those general results that do not rely on smoothness or convexity assumptions. Homogenization results and appropriate descriptive formulas are given for periodic and almost- periodic functionals. The applications include the asymptotic behaviour of oscillating energies describing cellular hyperelastic materials, porous media, materials with stiff and soft inclusions, fibered media, homogenization of HamiltonJacobi equations and Riemannian metrics, materials with multiple scales of microstructure and with multi-dimensional structure. The book includes a specifically designed, self-contained and up-to-date introduction to the relevant results of the direct methods of Gamma-convergence and of the theory of weak lower semicontinuous integral functionals depending on vector-valued functions. The book is based on various courses taught at the advanced graduate level. Prerequisites are a basic knowledge of Sobolev spaces, standard functional analysis and measure theory. The presentation is completed by several examples and exercises.

"Analyzes algebras of concrete approximation methods detailing prerequisites, local principles, and lifting theorems. Covers fractality and Fredholmness. Explains the phenomena of the asymptotic splitting of the singular values, and more."

In recent decades, kinetic theory - originally developed as a field of mathematical physics - has emerged as one of the most prominent fields of modern mathematics. In recent years, there has been an explosion of applications of kinetic theory to other areas of research, such as biology and social sciences. This book collects lecture notes and recent advances in the field of kinetic theory of lecturers and speakers of the School "Trails in Kinetic Theory: Foundational Aspects and Numerical Methods", hosted at Hausdorff Institute for Mathematics (HIM) of Bonn, Germany, 2019, during the Junior Trimester Program "Kinetic Theory". Focusing on fundamental questions in both theoretical and numerical aspects, it also presents a broad view of related problems in socioeconomic sciences, pedestrian dynamics and traffic flow management.

This text presents a comprehensive mathematical theory for elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic differential equations. It compares finite element and finite difference methods and illustrates applications of generalized difference methods to elastic bodies, electromagnetic fields, underground water pollution, and coupled sound-heat flows.

Clear, rigorous definitions of mathematical terms are crucial to good scientific and technical writing-and to understanding the writings of others. Scientists, engineers, mathematicians, economists, technical writers, computer programmers, along with teachers, professors, and students, all have the occasional-if not frequent-need for comprehensible, working definitions of mathematical expressions.
To meet that need, CRC Press proudly introduces its Dictionary of Analysis, Calculus, and Differential Equations - the first published volume in the CRC Comprehensive Dictionary of Mathematics. More than three years in development, top academics and professionals from prestigious institutions around the world bring you more than 2,500 detailed definitions, written in a clear, readable style and complete with alternative meanings, and related references.

Starting with the Zermelo-Fraenhel axiomatic set theory, this book gives a self-contained, step-by-step construction of real and complex numbers. The basic properties of real and complex numbers are developed, including a proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Historical notes outline the evolution of the number systems and alert readers to the fact that polished mathematical concepts, as presented in lectures and books, are the culmination of the efforts of great minds over the years. The text also includes short life sketches of some of the contributing mathematicians. The book provides the logical foundation of Analysis and gives a basis to Abstract Algebra. It complements those books on real analysis which begin with axiomatic definitions of real numbers.The book can be used in various ways: as a textbook for a one semester course on the foundations of analysis for post-calculus students; for a seminar course; or self-study by school and college teachers.

The book discusses the solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using analytical and numerical approximation methods. Recently, analytical approximation methods have been largely used in solving linear and nonlinear lower-order ODEs. It also discusses using these methods to solve some strong nonlinear ODEs. There are two chapters devoted to solving nonlinear ODEs using numerical methods, as in practice high-dimensional systems of nonlinear ODEs that cannot be solved by analytical approximate methods are common. Moreover, it studies analytical and numerical techniques for the treatment of parameter-depending ODEs. The book explains various methods for solving nonlinear-oscillator and structural-system problems, including the energy balance method, harmonic balance method, amplitude frequency formulation, variational iteration method, homotopy perturbation method, iteration perturbation method, homotopy analysis method, simple and multiple shooting method, and the nonlinear stabilized march method. This book comprehensively investigates various new analytical and numerical approximation techniques that are used in solving nonlinear-oscillator and structural-system problems. Students often rely on the finite element method to such an extent that on graduation they have little or no knowledge of alternative methods of solving problems. To rectify this, the book introduces several new approximation techniques.

Polynomial operators are a natural generalization of linear operators. Equations in such operators are the linear space analog of ordinary polynomials in one or several variables over the fields of real or complex numbers. Such equations encompass a broad spectrum of applied problems including all linear equations. Often the polynomial nature of many nonlinear problems goes unrecognized by researchers. This is more likely due to the fact that polynomial operators - unlike polynomials in a single variable - have received little attention. Consequently, this comprehensive presentation is needed, benefiting those working in the field as well as those seeking information about specific results or techniques.
Polynomial Operator Equations in Abstract Spaces and Applications - an outgrowth of fifteen years of the author's research work - presents new and traditional results about polynomial equations as well as analyzes current iterative methods for their numerical solution in various general space settings.
Topics include:
o Special cases of nonlinear operator equations
o Solution of polynomial operator equations of positive integer degree n
o Results on global existence theorems not related with contractions
o Galois theory
o Polynomial integral and polynomial differential equations appearing in radiative transfer, heat transfer, neutron transport, electromechanical networks, elasticity, and other areas
o Results on the various Chandrasekhar equations
o Weierstrass theorem
o Matrix representations
o Lagrange and Hermite interpolation
o Bounds of polynomial equations in Banach space, Banach algebra, and Hilbert space
The materials discussed can be used for the following studies
o Advanced numerical analysis
o Numerical functional analysis
o Functional analysis
o Approximation theory
o Integral and differential equations
Tables include
o Numerical solutions for Chandrasekhar's equation I to VI
o Error bounds comparison
o Accelerations schemes I and II for Newton's method
o Newton's method
o Secant method
The self-contained text thoroughly details results, adds exercises for each chapter, and includes several applications for the solution of integral and differential equations throughout every chapter.

This book is about adaptive mesh generation and moving mesh methods for the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations. It presents a general framework and theory for adaptive mesh generation and gives a comprehensive treatment of moving mesh methods and their basic components, along with their application for a number of nontrivial physical problems. Many explicit examples with computed figures illustrate the various methods and the effects of parameter choices for those methods. Graduate students, researchers and practitioners working in this area will benefit from this book.

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This monograph deals with a general class of solution approaches in deterministic global optimization, namely the geometric branch-and-bound methods which are popular algorithms, for instance, in Lipschitzian optimization, d.c. programming, and interval analysis.It alsointroduces a new concept for the rate of convergence and analyzes several bounding operations reported in the literature, from the theoretical as well as from the empirical point of view. Furthermore, extensions of the prototype algorithm for multicriteria global optimization problems as well as mixed combinatorial optimization problems are considered. Numerical examples based on facility location problems support the theory. Applications of geometric branch-and-bound methods, namely the circle detection problem in image processing, the integrated scheduling and location makespan problem, and the median line location problem in the three-dimensional space are also presented. The book is intended for both researchers and students in the areas of mathematics, operations research, engineering, and computer science.