A comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice of equilibrium finite element analysis in the context of solid and structural mechanics Equilibrium Finite Element Formulations is an up to date exposition on hybrid equilibrium finite elements, which are based on the direct approximation of the stress fields. The focus is on their derivation and on the advantages that strong forms of equilibrium can have, either when used independently or together with the more conventional displacement based elements. These elements solve two important problems of concern to computational structural mechanics: a rational basis for error estimation, which leads to bounds on quantities of interest that are vital for verification of the output and provision of outputs immediately useful to the engineer for structural design and assessment. Key features: * Unique in its coverage of equilibrium an essential reference work for those seeking solutions that are strongly equilibrated. The approach is not widely known, and should be of benefit to structural design and assessment. * Thorough explanations of the formulations for: 2D and 3D continua, thick and thin bending of plates and potential problems; covering mainly linear aspects of behaviour, but also with some excursions into non-linearity. * Highly relevant to the verification of numerical solutions, the basis for obtaining bounds of the errors is explained in detail. * Simple illustrative examples are given, together with their physical interpretations. * The most relevant issues regarding the computational implementation of this approach are presented. When strong equilibrium and finite elements are to be combined, the book is a must-have reference for postgraduate students, researchers in software development or numerical analysis, and industrial practitioners who want to keep up to date with progress in simulation tools.

Nonlinearity plays a major role in the understanding of most physical, chemical, biological, and engineering sciences. Nonlinear problems fascinate scientists and engineers, but often elude exact treatment. However elusive they may be, the solutions do exist-if only one perseveres in seeking them out. Self-Similarity and Beyond presents a myriad of approaches to finding exact solutions for a diversity of nonlinear problems. These include group-theoretic methods, the direct method of Clarkson and Kruskal, traveling waves, hodograph methods, balancing arguments, embedding special solutions into a more general class, and the infinite series approach. The author's approach is entirely constructive. Numerical solutions either motivate the analysis or confirm it, therefore they are treated alongside the analysis whenever possible. Many examples drawn from real physical situations-primarily fluid mechanics and nonlinear diffusion-illustrate and emphasize the central points presented. Accessible to a broad base of readers, Self-Similarity and Beyond illuminates a variety of productive methods for meeting the challenges of nonlinearity. Researchers and graduate students in nonlinearity, partial differential equations, and fluid mechanics, along with mathematical physicists and numerical analysts, will re-discover the importance of exact solutions and find valuable additions to their mathematical toolkits.

This book provides an introduction to dynamical systems with multiple time scales. The approach it takes is to provide an overview of key areas, particularly topics that are less available in the introductory form. The broad range of topics included makes it accessible for students and researchers new to the field to gain a quick and thorough overview. The first of its kind, this book merges a wide variety of different mathematical techniques into a more unified framework. The book is highly illustrated with many examples and exercises and an extensive bibliography. The target audience of this book are senior undergraduates, graduate students as well as researchers interested in using the multiple time scale dynamics theory in nonlinear science, either from a theoretical or a mathematical modeling perspective.

Adopting the view common in the finite element analysis, the authors of Separation of Variables for Partial Differential Equations: An Eigenfunction Approach introduce a computable separation of variables solution as an analytic approximate solution. At the heart of the text, they consider a general partial differential equation in two independent variables with a source term and subject to boundary and initial conditions. They give an algorithm for approximating and solving the problem and illustrate the application of this approach to the heat, wave, and potential equations. They illustrate the power of the technique by solving a variety of practical problems, many of which go well beyond the usual textbook examples. Written at the advanced undergraduate level, the book will serve equally well as a text for students and as a reference for instructors and users of separation of variables. It requires a background in engineering mathematics, but no prior exposure to separation of variables. The abundant worked examples provide guidance for deciding whether and how to apply the method to any given problem, help in interpreting computed solutions, and give insight into cases in which formal answers may be useless.

For one or two term undergraduate/graduate-level courses in Numerical Methods in mathematics departments (for numerical analysis courses), CS departments and engineering departments. This student-friendly introduction to the fundamental concepts and techniques of numerical analysis/numerical methods develops concepts and techniques in a clear, concise, easy-to-read manner, followed by fully-worked examples. Application problems drawn from the literature of many different fields prepares students to use the techniques covered to solve a wide variety of practical problems. *Unique topical coverage - Provides extensive coverage of material not typically covered, or only briefly discussed, in other texts - e.g., eigenvalue problem for nonsymmetric matrices; improper integrals (removable singularities, derivative singularities, logarithmic singularities and infinite limits of integration); non-Dirichlet boundary conditions, the handling of artificial singularities and eigenvalue problems for one-dimensional boundary value problems; non-Dirichlet boundary conditions, the multigrid method and irregular domains for elliptic partial differential equations; (source and decay terms, non-Diric

This book describes the development of a constitutive modeling platform for soil testing, which is one of the key components in geomechanics and geotechnics. It discusses the fundamentals of the constitutive modeling of soils and illustrates the use of these models to simulate various laboratory tests. To help readers understand the fundamentals and modeling of soil behaviors, it first introduces the general stress-strain relationship of soils and the principles and modeling approaches of various laboratory tests, before examining the ideas and formulations of constitutive models of soils. Moving on to the application of constitutive models, it presents a modeling platform with a practical, simple interface, which includes various kinds of tests and constitutive models ranging from clay to sand, that is used for simulating most kinds of laboratory tests. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate-level teaching in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering and other related engineering specialties. Thanks to the inclusion of real-world applications, it is also of use to industry practitioners, opening the door to advanced courses on modeling within the industrial engineering and operations research fields.

"Blind Source Separation" intends to report the new results of the efforts on the study of Blind Source Separation (BSS). The book collects novel research ideas and some training in BSS, independent component analysis (ICA), artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Furthermore, the research results previously scattered in many journals and conferences worldwide are methodically edited and presented in a unified form. The book is likely to be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms and applications of BSS.

Dr. Ganesh R. Naik works at University of Technology, Sydney, Australia; Dr. Wenwu Wang works at University of Surrey, UK.

This book provides an elementary introduction to one-dimensional fluid flow problems involving shock waves in air. The differential equations of fluid flow are approximated by finite difference equations and these in turn are numerically integrated in a stepwise manner, with artificial viscosity introduced into the numerical calculations in order to deal with shocks. This treatment of the subject is focused on the finite-difference approach to solve the coupled differential equations of fluid flow and presents the results arising from the numerical solution using Mathcad programming. Both plane and spherical shock waves are discussed with particular emphasis on very strong explosive shocks in air. This expanded second edition features substantial new material on sound wave parameters, Riemann's method for numerical integration of the equations of motion, approximate analytical expressions for weak shock waves, short duration piston motion, numerical results for shock wave interactions, and new appendices on the piston withdrawal problem and numerical results for a closed shock tube. This text will appeal to students, researchers, and professionals in shock wave research and related fields. Students in particular will appreciate the benefits of numerical methods in fluid mechanics and the level of presentation.

This is the third of three volumes providing a comprehensive presentation of the fundamentals of scientific computing. This volume discusses topics that depend more on calculus than linear algebra, in order to prepare the reader for solving differential equations. This book and its companions show how to determine the quality of computational results, and how to measure the relative efficiency of competing methods. Readers learn how to determine the maximum attainable accuracy of algorithms, and how to select the best method for computing problems. This book also discusses programming in several languages, including C++, Fortran and MATLAB. There are 90 examples, 200 exercises, 36 algorithms, 40 interactive JavaScript programs, 91 references to software programs and 1 case study. Topics are introduced with goals, literature references and links to public software. There are descriptions of the current algorithms in GSLIB and MATLAB. This book could be used for a second course in numerical methods, for either upper level undergraduates or first year graduate students. Parts of the text could be used for specialized courses, such as nonlinear optimization or iterative linear algebra.

This volume on some recent aspects of finite element methods and their applications is dedicated to Ulrich Langer and Arnd Meyer on the occasion of their 60th birthdays in 2012. Their work combines the numerical analysis of finite element algorithms, their efficient implementation on state of the art hardware architectures, and the collaboration with engineers and practitioners. In this spirit, this volume contains contributions of former students and collaborators indicating the broad range of their interests in the theory and application of finite element methods. Topics cover the analysis of domain decomposition and multilevel methods, including hp finite elements, hybrid discontinuous Galerkin methods, and the coupling of finite and boundary element methods; the efficient solution of eigenvalue problems related to partial differential equations with applications in electrical engineering and optics; and the solution of direct and inverse field problems in solid mechanics.

The object of homogenization theory is the description of the macroscopic properties of structures with fine microstructure, covering a wide range of applications that run from the study of properties of composites to optimal design. The structures under consideration may model cellular elastic materials, fibred materials, stratified or porous media, or materials with many holes or cracks. In mathematical terms, this study can be translated in the asymptotic analysis of fast-oscillating differential equations or integral functionals. The book presents an introduction to the mathematical theory of homogenization of nonlinear integral functionals, with particular regard to those general results that do not rely on smoothness or convexity assumptions. Homogenization results and appropriate descriptive formulas are given for periodic and almost- periodic functionals. The applications include the asymptotic behaviour of oscillating energies describing cellular hyperelastic materials, porous media, materials with stiff and soft inclusions, fibered media, homogenization of HamiltonJacobi equations and Riemannian metrics, materials with multiple scales of microstructure and with multi-dimensional structure. The book includes a specifically designed, self-contained and up-to-date introduction to the relevant results of the direct methods of Gamma-convergence and of the theory of weak lower semicontinuous integral functionals depending on vector-valued functions. The book is based on various courses taught at the advanced graduate level. Prerequisites are a basic knowledge of Sobolev spaces, standard functional analysis and measure theory. The presentation is completed by several examples and exercises.

In recent decades, kinetic theory - originally developed as a field of mathematical physics - has emerged as one of the most prominent fields of modern mathematics. In recent years, there has been an explosion of applications of kinetic theory to other areas of research, such as biology and social sciences. This book collects lecture notes and recent advances in the field of kinetic theory of lecturers and speakers of the School "Trails in Kinetic Theory: Foundational Aspects and Numerical Methods", hosted at Hausdorff Institute for Mathematics (HIM) of Bonn, Germany, 2019, during the Junior Trimester Program "Kinetic Theory". Focusing on fundamental questions in both theoretical and numerical aspects, it also presents a broad view of related problems in socioeconomic sciences, pedestrian dynamics and traffic flow management.

Clear, rigorous definitions of mathematical terms are crucial to good scientific and technical writing-and to understanding the writings of others. Scientists, engineers, mathematicians, economists, technical writers, computer programmers, along with teachers, professors, and students, all have the occasional-if not frequent-need for comprehensible, working definitions of mathematical expressions.
To meet that need, CRC Press proudly introduces its Dictionary of Analysis, Calculus, and Differential Equations - the first published volume in the CRC Comprehensive Dictionary of Mathematics. More than three years in development, top academics and professionals from prestigious institutions around the world bring you more than 2,500 detailed definitions, written in a clear, readable style and complete with alternative meanings, and related references.

Starting with the Zermelo-Fraenhel axiomatic set theory, this book gives a self-contained, step-by-step construction of real and complex numbers. The basic properties of real and complex numbers are developed, including a proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Historical notes outline the evolution of the number systems and alert readers to the fact that polished mathematical concepts, as presented in lectures and books, are the culmination of the efforts of great minds over the years. The text also includes short life sketches of some of the contributing mathematicians. The book provides the logical foundation of Analysis and gives a basis to Abstract Algebra. It complements those books on real analysis which begin with axiomatic definitions of real numbers.The book can be used in various ways: as a textbook for a one semester course on the foundations of analysis for post-calculus students; for a seminar course; or self-study by school and college teachers.

The book discusses the solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using analytical and numerical approximation methods. Recently, analytical approximation methods have been largely used in solving linear and nonlinear lower-order ODEs. It also discusses using these methods to solve some strong nonlinear ODEs. There are two chapters devoted to solving nonlinear ODEs using numerical methods, as in practice high-dimensional systems of nonlinear ODEs that cannot be solved by analytical approximate methods are common. Moreover, it studies analytical and numerical techniques for the treatment of parameter-depending ODEs. The book explains various methods for solving nonlinear-oscillator and structural-system problems, including the energy balance method, harmonic balance method, amplitude frequency formulation, variational iteration method, homotopy perturbation method, iteration perturbation method, homotopy analysis method, simple and multiple shooting method, and the nonlinear stabilized march method. This book comprehensively investigates various new analytical and numerical approximation techniques that are used in solving nonlinear-oscillator and structural-system problems. Students often rely on the finite element method to such an extent that on graduation they have little or no knowledge of alternative methods of solving problems. To rectify this, the book introduces several new approximation techniques.

Polynomial operators are a natural generalization of linear operators. Equations in such operators are the linear space analog of ordinary polynomials in one or several variables over the fields of real or complex numbers. Such equations encompass a broad spectrum of applied problems including all linear equations. Often the polynomial nature of many nonlinear problems goes unrecognized by researchers. This is more likely due to the fact that polynomial operators - unlike polynomials in a single variable - have received little attention. Consequently, this comprehensive presentation is needed, benefiting those working in the field as well as those seeking information about specific results or techniques.
Polynomial Operator Equations in Abstract Spaces and Applications - an outgrowth of fifteen years of the author's research work - presents new and traditional results about polynomial equations as well as analyzes current iterative methods for their numerical solution in various general space settings.
Topics include:
o Special cases of nonlinear operator equations
o Solution of polynomial operator equations of positive integer degree n
o Results on global existence theorems not related with contractions
o Galois theory
o Polynomial integral and polynomial differential equations appearing in radiative transfer, heat transfer, neutron transport, electromechanical networks, elasticity, and other areas
o Results on the various Chandrasekhar equations
o Weierstrass theorem
o Matrix representations
o Lagrange and Hermite interpolation
o Bounds of polynomial equations in Banach space, Banach algebra, and Hilbert space
The materials discussed can be used for the following studies
o Advanced numerical analysis
o Numerical functional analysis
o Functional analysis
o Approximation theory
o Integral and differential equations
Tables include
o Numerical solutions for Chandrasekhar's equation I to VI
o Error bounds comparison
o Accelerations schemes I and II for Newton's method
o Newton's method
o Secant method
The self-contained text thoroughly details results, adds exercises for each chapter, and includes several applications for the solution of integral and differential equations throughout every chapter.

This book is about adaptive mesh generation and moving mesh methods for the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations. It presents a general framework and theory for adaptive mesh generation and gives a comprehensive treatment of moving mesh methods and their basic components, along with their application for a number of nontrivial physical problems. Many explicit examples with computed figures illustrate the various methods and the effects of parameter choices for those methods. Graduate students, researchers and practitioners working in this area will benefit from this book.

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"Based on the International Federatiojn for Information Processing WG 7.2 Conference, held recently in Pisa, Italy. Provides recent results as well as entirely new material on control theory and shape analysis. Written by leading authorities from various desciplines."

This monograph deals with a general class of solution approaches in deterministic global optimization, namely the geometric branch-and-bound methods which are popular algorithms, for instance, in Lipschitzian optimization, d.c. programming, and interval analysis.It alsointroduces a new concept for the rate of convergence and analyzes several bounding operations reported in the literature, from the theoretical as well as from the empirical point of view. Furthermore, extensions of the prototype algorithm for multicriteria global optimization problems as well as mixed combinatorial optimization problems are considered. Numerical examples based on facility location problems support the theory. Applications of geometric branch-and-bound methods, namely the circle detection problem in image processing, the integrated scheduling and location makespan problem, and the median line location problem in the three-dimensional space are also presented. The book is intended for both researchers and students in the areas of mathematics, operations research, engineering, and computer science.

The book consists of articles based on the XXXVIII Bialowieza Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics, 2019. The series of Bialowieza workshops, attended by a community of experts at the crossroads of mathematics and physics, is a major annual event in the field. The works in this book, based on presentations given at the workshop, are previously unpublished, at the cutting edge of current research, typically grounded in geometry and analysis, with applications to classical and quantum physics. For the past eight years, the Bialowieza Workshops have been complemented by a School on Geometry and Physics, comprising series of advanced lectures for graduate students and early-career researchers. The extended abstracts of the five lecture series that were given in the eighth school are included. The unique character of the Workshop-and-School series draws on the venue, a famous historical, cultural and environmental site in the Bialowieza forest, a UNESCO World Heritage Centre in the east of Poland: lectures are given in the Nature and Forest Museum and local traditions are interwoven with the scientific activities. The chapter "Toeplitz Extensions in Noncommutative Topology and Mathematical Physics" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book covers pseudorandom number generation algorithms, evaluation techniques, and offers practical advice and code examples. Random Numbers and Computers is an essential introduction or refresher on pseudorandom numbers in computer science. The first comprehensive book on the topic, readers are provided with a practical introduction to the techniques of pseudorandom number generation, including how the algorithms work and how to test the output to decide if it is suitable for a particular purpose. Practical applications are demonstrated with hands-on presentation and descriptions that readers can apply directly to their own work. Examples are in C and Python and given with an emphasis on understanding the algorithms to the point of practical application. The examples are meant to be implemented, experimented with and improved/adapted by the reader.

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play an important role in the natural sciences and technology, because they describe the way systems (natural and other) behave. The inherent suitability of PDEs to characterizing the nature, motion, and evolution of systems, has led to their wide-ranging use in numerical models that are developed in order to analyze systems that are not otherwise easily studied. Numerical Solutions for Partial Differential Equations contains all the details necessary for the reader to understand the principles and applications of advanced numerical methods for solving PDEs. In addition, it shows how the modern computer system algebra MathematicaA(R) can be used for the analytic investigation of such numerical properties as stability, approximation, and dispersion.

This text is a self-contained Second Edition, providing an introductory account of the main topics in numerical analysis. The book emphasizes both the theorems which show the underlying rigorous mathematics andthe algorithms which define precisely how to program the numerical methods. Both theoretical and practical examples are included.

* a unique blend of theory and applications
* two brand new chapters on eigenvalues and splines
* inclusion of formal algorithms
* numerous fully worked examples
* a large number of problems, many with solutions

Foundations of Abstract Analysis is the first of a two book series offered as the second (expanded) edition to the previously published text Real Analysis. It is written for a graduate-level course on real analysis and presented in a self-contained way suitable both for classroom use and for self-study. While this book carries the rigor of advanced modern analysis texts, it elaborates the material in much greater details and therefore fills a gap between introductory level texts (with topics developed in Euclidean spaces) and advanced level texts (exclusively dealing with abstract spaces) making it accessible for a much wider interested audience. To relieve the reader of the potential overload of new words, definitions, and concepts, the book (in its unique feature) provides lists of new terms at the end of each section, in a chronological order. Difficult to understand abstract notions are preceded by informal discussions and blueprints followed by thorough details and supported by examples and figures. To further reinforce the text, hints and solutions to almost a half of more than 580 problems are provided at the end of the book, still leaving ample exercises for assignments. This volume covers topics in point-set topology and measure and integration. Prerequisites include advanced calculus, linear algebra, complex variables, and calculus based probability.

This is a practical guide to P-splines, a simple, flexible and powerful tool for smoothing. P-splines combine regression on B-splines with simple, discrete, roughness penalties. They were introduced by the authors in 1996 and have been used in many diverse applications. The regression basis makes it straightforward to handle non-normal data, like in generalized linear models. The authors demonstrate optimal smoothing, using mixed model technology and Bayesian estimation, in addition to classical tools like cross-validation and AIC, covering theory and applications with code in R. Going far beyond simple smoothing, they also show how to use P-splines for regression on signals, varying-coefficient models, quantile and expectile smoothing, and composite links for grouped data. Penalties are the crucial elements of P-splines; with proper modifications they can handle periodic and circular data as well as shape constraints. Combining penalties with tensor products of B-splines extends these attractive properties to multiple dimensions. An appendix offers a systematic comparison to other smoothers.