In recent years, the intersection of cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and neuroscience with regard to deaf individuals has received increasing attention from a variety of academic and educational audiences. Both research and pedagogy have addressed questions about whether deaf children learn in the same ways that hearing children learn, how signed languages and spoken languages might affect different aspects of cognition and cognitive development, and the ways in which hearing loss influences how the brain processes and retains information. There are now a number of preliminary answers to these questions, but there has been no single forum in which research into learning and cognition is brought together. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Learning and Cognition aims to provide this shared forum, focusing exclusively on learning, cognition, and cognitive development from theoretical, psychological, biological, linguistic, social-emotional, and educational perspectives. Each chapter includes state-of-the-art research conducted and reviewed by international experts in the area. Drawing this research together, this volume allows for a synergy of ideas that possesses the potential to move research, theory, and practice forward.

Language and Speech has been selected for the Fifth Convention of the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica as a topic closely related to neurosurgery but also to philosophy, art, culture and humanity and treated by various experts of the field of this interdisciplinary subject. The volume has a certain structure: Language is evaluated as a tool of the Homo Artis in the introduction, which is followed by chapters focusing the language in history, in linguistics, as well as in music and that of the animals. In the next part speech is dealt with as a physiological process. It is followed by papers on three different but uniformly neurosurgical representation of speech in gliomas, AVMs, and focal epilepsies. Neurologists compiled papers on clinical forms of aphasia, and that among bilinguists as well as on lateralisation of speech centres in relation of handedness followed by rehabilitation of speech disorders. Two papers on language and computers complete the volume.

If we possessed a true, well established and undoubted theory concerning the function of the nerves in the human body, the principles of smell would be much easier to understand. So far, we do not know for certain whether the action of nerves takes place by means of a subtle fluid, which is instantaneously conveyed from the beginning of the nerves to their ends, or whether, as some think, some sort of vibratory movements is produced in them, or whether the stimulation should be considered as the only sufficient cause, to say nothing of the new opinion concerning the electrical force. Linnaeus Although much has been learned since the time of Linnaeus, it is still true that we do not yet possess "a true, well established and undoubted" theory of olfaction. The literature of the subject, however, has long been rather voluminous - the frequent assertions to the contrary are simply untrue - and is now growing rapidly. Moreover, quite a number of symposia on olfaction (or olfaction and taste) have been held during recent years. For example, in the U. S. A.

The endoscope with magnifying lens systems and retrotympanic sub-regions. During microsurgical pro angled view has, in all oto-rhino-laryngology, been cedures, the recognition of pathologic changes in developed from a basically diagnostical tool into a sur niches, recesses or occluded tunnels is considerably gical instrument. Earlier, it served to see what exists. facilitated. The disadvantages of the operating micro Nowadays, it is continuously changing what one does. scope -reduced brightness and bad focus with higher Jean-Marc Thomassin's book "Otoendoscopically magnifieations, no angled view- can be compensated guided surgey" appears as the first guide into this new by additional endoscopy with the instrument's tip field of otoendoscopic control of microsurgery of the close to the target and with the view "around the cor ear. The author has achieved to compile and codify ner". what, during recent years, was already looked at by While thus visualizing remote areas or hidden him and by a "happy few" of otological pilots. But, he spots by a rigid magnifying endoscope with an angled has also added new insights into this matter. One may view direction apparently no patho-anatomical secret say that he has provided a solid basis for both the remains undiscovered. What can be inspected can be scholars and the experts who want to enrich their cleaned, there are adequate instruments. This fact arsenal of otosurgical techniques. makes the analysis of surgical failures more plausible.

This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.

This book was not written for any particular audience; generally speaking, I believe its contents should be substantive for anyone who has an interest in the nature of normal language processes and their dysfunction. None theless, in writing the book I have had in mind that its contents will be of special interest and value to persons in several disciplines, most notably certain areas of psychology and linguistics, and especially where those in terests overlap. It should also be worthwhile to individuals involved in what has come to be known as neurolinguistics, and, of course, to persons having a particular interest in the disorder of stuttering. More has been written about stuttering than all the other speech disor ders combined, yet it has remained an enigma. In my view the major source of the continued failure to isolate the nature of stuttering lies in the matter of the questions asked about it. It is not simply that they were not the right questions, but rather that there have actually been so few bona fide questions Too much of what has been written and said about stutter ing has come in the form of declarative statement, which typically reflects some guiding concept and assumption(s). Moreover, most of what has passed as questions has been of a similar nature."

In spite of great advance made by ENT and maxillofacial surgeons as well as radiotherapists to improve therapy of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx, it has not been possible in the past 4 decades to raise the chances of patient survival above 40%-45%. However, recent studies with different combination therapies indicate that better results can be expected in the future. In this volume, the current status and results of therapeutic studies are presented by distinguished clinicians in the three disciplines. The book provides up-to-date information and encourages interdisciplinary cooperation.

Since the respiratory airways branch to all parts of the lungs and ready access is provided through the nose or mouth, exploration of these passages for direct visualization or tissue sampling has long been a clinical challenge. This would be particularly helpful in diagnosing those pulmonary diseases that involve the bronchial tree or affect the surrounding lung parenchyma which prove difficult to diagnose or define by indirect methods. The pioneering efforts of Chevalier Jackson in 1918, using bismuth insufflation for radiologic visualization of the bronchial tree, and of Sicard and Forestier, who introduced poppy seed oil (lipiodol) in 1922, rapidly established bronchography as a practical radiologic diagnostic procedure. The initial enthusiasm was soon tempered by recognition of practical problems, and over the years the popularity of bronchography has waxed and waned as techniques were refined and new equipment, instrumentation and contrast agents evaluated. At the same time, alternative methods of diagnosis were being developed, notably sputum cytology, percutaneous needle aspira tion and biopsy, and bronchial brushing. In recent years, a number of medical and technologic developments have revived interest in transbronchial techniques and have made such a diagnostic approach more attractive. Improvements in topical airway anesthesia effectiveness have simplified passage of a variety of catheters, brushes, biopsy devices, fiberoptic or other bronchoscopic instruments along the bronchial passageways. Methods of guiding the catheter or other trans bronchial instrument toward the target site in the lung have also been refined.

This Atlas of Oral PathologV is intended primarily as a ances where appropriate and reproduce relevant radio graphs. Every pathologist who deals with bone specimens bench companion for the general diagnostic pathologist. especially the trainee. It has not been designed to cover will know the value of radiographs, and some indeed are the subject fully and in detail, nor does it enter into the reluctantto make a diagnosis in their absence. In addition, radiographs may give a good idea of the extent aFld other more theoretical aspects. Since the book is essentially an atlas the text has been features of a lesion that may be represented in the first kept to a minimum, but in it we have tried to adopt'a instance only by a small biopsy specimen. practical approach, with special regard to differential diag While many of the illustrations have been made from nosis. We have made some remarks about the clinical sections freshly cut and stained for the purpose, others features of the various conditions dealt with, since this have been prepared from stained sections already in our may help the pathologist to appreciate what is in the refer files and since, in addition, the material comes principally ring clinician's mind in an area with which the pathologist from two departments, as well as from outside sources, may not be particularly familiar."

The purpose of this work is to review the current knowledge of laryngeal pathology in the light of my experience at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London. The role of histopathological investigations in the care of patients with diseases of the larynx is given special consideration. Radiologi cal study of the larynx has become more refined in recent years with the introduction of computerised tomography. Microlaryngoscopy with biopsy of the interior of the larynx is now a frequent procedure in the diagnosis of laryngeal disease. In the effort to interpret the findings resulting from these methods, the need for a monograph outlining the pathological basis of laryngeal disorders has arisen. To the best of my knowledge, such a work, devoted to the pathology of the larynx only, has never been written; a modern study in this field is certainly not available. I have aimed the text towards the practising pathologist in order to give it the broadest scope. It was necessary, therefore, to include an account of the basic anatomy of the larynx. For this purpose (and in subsequent descriptions throughout the book) I have not used the formal anatomical terminology for the two folds on either side of the ventricle of the larynx. There is some variation in the use of these terms, and they are not yet completely in general use."

A different kind of book! The clivus of skull base is an area difficult to reach in neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngolo- gy, maxillo-facial surgery, plastic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and orthopedic surgery. It is for this reason that the various specialities gave found different approaches for different operations.

This Great Ormond Street Handbook provides a stepwise illustrated description of the surgical procedures used for correction of congenital deformities of the auricle. The content features over 600 intraoperative high-quality photographs of every step of each of the surgical procedures in addition to photographs of the preoperative planning and preparation.Chapters and topics covered: Microtia reconstruction, Prominent ear correction, Lop ear, Cryptotia, Stahl's ear, Mirror ear, Cleft earlobe correction, Reconstruction of absent earlobe. Registrars and Residents aswell as more experienced surgeons in the specialties of Plastic Surgery, and Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery will benefit from this useful surgical guide.

This book, containing the proceedings of the 2000 Kyoto Symposium on Esophageal Cancer, is an important contribution for all types of physicians interested in both squamous and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The volume has great legitimacy and relevance. The symposia hosted by Professor Masayuki Imamura brought together the leaders in several disciplines from Japan with other acknowledged authorities from Europe, the United States, Australia, and other parts of Asia. Japan has long been a leader in making advances in understanding the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, for several decades originally led by Professor Komei Nakayama and his students. It is now clear that Japanese are also beginning to suffer from esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's columnar lined epithelium, thus enabling the Japanese to formulate studies on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment for the full spectrum of esophageal neoplasms. The authoritativeness of these proceedings is established not only by the long tradi tion of Japanese leadership in the field but by the contributions of the principal leaders from the Nakayama school participating in the honorary faculty and local scientific committee.

There is no question that the topic of this meeting in Seeheim, Germany, on intracranial and intralabyrinthine fluids is pertinent. This was the first international meeting at which these two closely-related topics were addressed together. Combining the clinical and research aspects of fluid and pressure regulation in the intracranial and the intralabyrint hine compartments as well as discussions on the clinical implications of abnormal fluid pressure was an excellent idea. The presentations and discussions of both the clinicians and basic scientists who participated proved that the concept of having such a combined focused gathering was both original and relevant. The two topics of the meeting in Seeheim have much in common. Maintaining both the intracranial pressure (lCP) and the intralabyrinthine pressure within normal limits is important for the normal functions of both the central nervous system and the ear. The intracranial space and the intralabyrinthine space are closed compartments that communicate with each other in an intricate manner. Deviations from normal intracranial pressure result in specific symptoms and signs. Medical problems related to elevated intracranial pressure vary from subtle to severe. Accumulated knowledge indicates that there are adverse effects from even relatively small elevations in ICP. Elevations in ICP may cause injuries to the brain and the ear. Abnormal pressure in the ear may cause abnormal function and injury. Maintaining the intracranial pressure within normal limits depends on a normally functioning pressure regulation."

"Linguistic Analyses of Aphasic Language" represents results from linguistic and neurolinguistic research on aphasic language performance. The contributions encompass all linguistic levels, ranging from phonetics to discourse, and present results on languages other than English. The findings and applied methods are both relevant to the study of aphasia in general and to cross-linguistic analyses. Furthermore, they have clear implications for language and speech therapy and thus show the importance of linguistic concepts for language testing and therapeutic intervention.

The region of the skull base was long considered a surgical barrier because of its complex anatomy. With few exceptions, the region immediately beyond the dura or bony skull base constituted a "no man's land" for the surgeon working from the other direction. A major reason for this was the high morbidity associated with operative procedures in that area using traditional dissection techniques. This situation changed with the advent of the operating microscope. Used initially by ear, nose and throat specialists for resective and reconstructive surgery of the petrous bone and parana sal sinuses, the operating microscope was later introduced in other areas, and neurosurgeons began using it in the mid-1960s. With technical equality thus established, the groundwork was laid for taking a new, systematic, and interdisciplinary approach to surgical problems of the skull base. Intensive and systematic cooperation between ear, nose and throat surgeons and neurologic surgeons had its origins in the departments of the University of Mainz bindly supported by our chairmen Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Kurt Schiirmann (Department of Neurosurgery) and Prof. Dr. W. Kley (Depart ment of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Head and Neck Surgery). The experience gained from this cooperation was taught in workshops held in Hannover from 1979 to 1986, acquiring a broader interdisciplinary base through the participation of specialists from the fields of anatomy, patholo gy, neuroradiology, ophthalmology, and maxillofacial surgery.

The present book contains the original papers and essential points of the general discussion of a meeting organized in a series of tri-annual conferences, initiated by Dr. R. Plomp with the meeting in Driebergen, The Netherlands, 1969. These symposia have tried to bring to\ether people from extreme fields in auditory research and to amalgamate their recent findings. This series of conferences has proven to be most successful and has attracted much attention by scientists in auditory research. The organizers have tried to maintain the character of the meeting with em phasis on discussion by precirculation of the full text of the papers and by re stricting the number of active contributions. Unfortunately, this forced us to reject a great number of submitted papers - in selection we attempted to compose a fair survey of certain fields of auditory research but leave others untreated. Because of the same reason the number of invited review papers had to be limited to three. The reader may decide whether or not this selection was adequate. We thank all those participants who attended the meeting inspite of the rejection of their paper. The authors have been responsible for text and typing of their manuscripts. The editors have not attempted to standardize the spelling."

The title of this book may at first appear to be somewhat restrictive in its use of terminology. However, this is far from the intention of the writer; on the contrary, the following chapters seek to reflect a departure from the traditional segmentally orientated approach to this type of disability. Indeed one reason why the book has been written is the sense of frustration arising out of the largely ineffectual static and structural methodology of remedial work. Alternative titles could have been Disorders of Speech Production, or Neurogenic Speech Disorders, but neither would have encapsulated the essence of the book. Much of the recent research in the neurophysiology of motor control and also in the field of neurolinguistics has been concerned with ways in which intention and planning of movement is effected. Such models are still in their infancy, but it seems the potential value of their application to speech is considerable. In the case of verbal dysp'taxia, for example, we have long since in rather vague terms described it as a disorder of organization and programming without ever stating exactly what may be disorganized or not properly planned. This book does not provide the answer for as yet there is insufficient data on which to work so that formulated theories may be tested and further defined. But as we move from speculative guess-work towards established fact so the likelihood grows of providing more positive help for those who suffer these drastic limitations in communication.

Both the major and minor salivary glands can be the site of a wide variety of diseases and functional disturbances. This monograph covers both the common lesions and conditions of the salivary glands as well as the rare ones. Much attention is given to the problematic complaint of dry mouth and the even more cumbersome diagnostic aspects of Sjogren's syndrome. Emphasis is on the clinical aspects and the management of the various disorders. The vast experience of the authors is reflected in their clear and concise style. The illustrations are well chosen and updated references are provided, where appropriate."

The increasing prevalence of musical stimulation in our everyday environment makes studies of musical listening, comprehension and memory important. Music has simply become a pervasive aspect of the experienced environment for most of us; along with enhanced levels of machine sounds, musical sound sources are contributing to a virtual transformation of contemporary soundscapes occurring in many industrial countries. In spite of such trends, arguably the mainstream research in psychology and related fields has been slow to devote concentrated attention to this phenomenon and what it might mean. As a result, with respect to more established fields of research (e.g., visual perception, speech perception, attention and memory etc.), less is known about how people perceive and respond to complex, non-random, acoustic signals found in musical events. Although these topics reside in the domain of music research, this field is a relatively new one, with a history that dates back only about 25 years. Nevertheless, it is now a vibrant and rapidly growing field that draws from multiple disciplines (psychology, psychoacoustics, computer science, music theory, and so forth) to seek answers to questions about how we listen to musical events in our world. It tackles questions about pitch perception in complex patterns, about the role of tonal schemes as well as effects of metrical and rhythmic schemes on musical listening behaviors. It also examines abilities of children and adults to perceive and comprehend dynamic sound patterns. Emotional responses to music are also studied; and overarching all of this are exciting new neuroscience findings concerned with neural responses to musical events.

Music Perception introduces its audience to these and related basic issues concerned with listening to music. It also illustrates how knowledge about music perception may ultimately lead to a broader understanding of conventional concepts regarding perception, attention and memory.

The exponential explosion of diagnostic techniques that is the hallmark of Twentieth Century medicine often makes us forget that the human perceptual senses are still the simplest, most reliable, and most readily available means of recognizing disease and detecting abnormalities in the human body. Improvements in optical telescopes and in glass rod light transmission have enables us to look directly into the human body, and they are indispensable to modern endoscopy. The present monograph is a product of many years of diligent search and tireless work by Professor WOLFGANG DRAF in the field of endoscopy of the parana sal sinuses. Scholastic curiosity, pursuit of academic excellence, and a fervent desire to give patients prompt and lasting relief of symptoms caused by paranasal sinus disease were the author's initial motivations. As time went on and the methodology became more refined, he ventured from the field of endoscopic diagnostic and photographic documentation into the area of endoscopic therapy for selective diseases of maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses. Many of the instruments and most of the optical and photo graphic equipment and accessories have been developed and improved in parallel with the author's professional career; indeed, many of these technical innovations were a product of Professor DRAF'S keen and methodical research.

Close cooperation between those involved in clinical treatment and pathology is imperative in head and neck surgery, as in all surgical fields. The degree of cooperation depends, on the one hand, on the knowledge that the head and neck surgeon has about the possibilities and limits that confront the pathologist, and on the other hand, on the knowledge that the pathologist has about the special problems of head and neck pathology and their management by the surgeon. Within the last 15 years, the knowledge of larynx growths and their treatment has changed rapidly. Parallel to this increase in knowledge, the technical possibilities in histopathology have also increased. For this reason, the authors of this volume present an up-to-date view of the whole scope of the pathology and clinical treatment of larynx tumours.

Since the establishment of magnetic resonance imaging the clinical diagnostic of the head and neck has improved substantially and, therefore, in many cases this technique is used in the first place of radiological diagnosis. The feasibility of non-invasive MR angiography and 3-dimensional reconstruction has enlarged the indication field of MRI. This book presents the meaning of this imaging technique for the diagnosis of diseases in head and neck. Excellent figures show the technicaland diagnostical possibilities of this method, the advantages and limitations of which are explained as well. A comprehensive diagnostic strategy for each diagnostic region is presented. This book is disigned for the use of especially radiologists, ENT specialists and surgeins.

The work on clinical aspects of inner ear deafness started out in 1983/1984 as a general review conceived by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf-und Hals-Chirurgie (German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery) under the presidency of Professor Harald Feldmann, Munster. My task was to sift through the literature available at that time, to record the current status of knowledge, and if appropriate to describe existing new tendencies and potential developments. It was a conscious decision that the subject matter should extend to the entire field of inner ear deafness, though without reproducing too much of the detail given in the reviews already available, such as those by Vosteen (1961) on the biology of the inner ear, Beckmann (1962) on deafness in children, and Lehnhardt (1965) on industrial otopathies. The text contains only brief references to these, followed by more detailed expositions of what has come to light in the interim. In keeping with the broadness of the topic the list of references is extremely long, though we are aware that it is still not absolutely comprehensive. It is intended to give readers interested in specific topics an idea of the literature available and to provide a point of departure for further work. Scientific research is progressing and news insights appearing so fast, however, that the topicality of the material will be limited.

In Videofluorscopic Studies of Speech in Patients with Cleft Palate, Drs. M.L. Skolnick and E.R. Cohn present multiview videofluoroscopy as a technique for the radiological evaluation of speech defects in patients with cleft palate. Dr. Skolnick's invaluable contributions as both the originator and leading authority on the subject are discussed in a concise, clinical fashion. Topics examined include the anatomy and imaging of the velopharyngeal portal; the equipment and techniques of multiview videofluoroscopy; the interpretation of results and various patterns of velopharyngeal closure; Passavant's Ridge and patterns of velopharyngeal closure; normal and abnormal speech production; and the evaluation of test results. This book is the only source which concisely and completely describes the technique and its interpretations for those who need a description of the clinical procedure.