Policy makers give a lot of attention to business creation and entrepreneurship, but they do not have a good resource for understanding The Truth about Entrepreneurship. The extensive media coverage of Wall Street entrepreneurship provides an incomplete portrayal of most business creation. While both high profile and everyday new firms provide major contributions to economic growth, the ongoing, bottoms-up activity pursued by over half a billion around the world is not widely recognized. This book reviews some of the most salient features of grass roots business creation, such as the total amount of activity, differences related to national economic development, the relationship to business churning and job creation, the impact of national context, the mixed contributions of high growth firms, the modest effect of external financial support, the unequal distribution of sunk costs related to successful payback, importance as an option for the most desperate in poor countries, and the tendency to overlook the continuing incremental impact of Main Street business creation. Entrepreneurial scholars, faculty, policy analysts and graduate students interested in economic development, entrepreneurship and public policy will find clarity and gain a depth of knowledge about policymaking and business creation with The Truth about Entrepreneurship.

The Geography of Entrepreneurial Psychology summarizes existing research and relevant insights from psychology, economics, management, sociology and geography to provide an overview to a new and innovative interdisciplinary field, answering the critical question 'what is a vibrant startup culture?' Mapping recent empirical advances and analysing regional differences in macro-psychological factors associated with entrepreneurship, the book discusses the role of historical trajectories of regional differences, considering their significance to contemporary entrepreneurial and geographical psychology. Chapters turn to established psychological theories, such as McClelland's Human Motivation Theory and the Big Five personality traits, to measure entrepreneurship culture and its persistence between regions and cities, delivering key implications for practice, education and policy in entrepreneurship. Setting a crucial agenda for future research, this cutting-edge book is vital reading for students and researchers of entrepreneurship cultures, particularly those focusing on regional differences. Psychologists and geographers will also benefit from this book's multidisciplinary insights into spatial aspects of entrepreneurial psychology.

Economics for Nonprofit Managers and Social Entrepreneurs updates the world's first textbook in nonprofit economics, and shows how economics contributes to better managerial decisions on social matters. A pioneering textbook for nonprofit and social managers, this second edition adds risk analysis, game theory, and behavioral economics to the managerial tool kit, along with analysis at the margin, opportunity cost, elasticity of demand and supply, market power, and cost-benefit analysis, with numerous timely examples. This text is essential for nonprofit managers and social entrepreneurs, and of interest to all economics students.

This book discusses technology policy and innovation policy from an international perspective, with a particular emphasis on the policies of the United States and the United Kingdom. The importance of these policy areas, as well as their relationship to one another, is a unifying theme throughout, and this relationship is illustrated through an integrating policy framework. Private sector and public sector investments in R&D are posited to be the relevant target variables for technology policy, and vehicles to provide incentives for making each more effective are discussed along with suggestive information about how effective incentives have actually been. Consideration is given to the unintended consequences of technology policy. Also emphasized is the environment in which technology policy is promulgated and its relationship to a global innovation ecosystem. Innovation policy is a consequence of technology policy, and the innovation policies of various countries are also discussed. Technology and Innovation Policy will benefit academic researchers, senior scientists, innovation and technology policy makers, and graduate students who seek a deeper understanding of the relationship between technology and innovation policies from an international perspective.

This book expertly analyses European political entrepreneurship in relation to the EU's approach towards the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development strategy. It explores the role of European political entrepreneurs in shaping, influencing and realising sustainable development goals (SDGs). Leading contributors consider political entrepreneurship at an international level, explaining how European political entrepreneurs act and interact in order to promote their policies at various levels of governance. Focusing on how EU politicians, public servants and bureaucrats create new and innovative institutional conditions, the contributors reveal how the UN SDGs are implemented in Europe. Chapters examine several EU actors in the context of numerous development goals to assess how political entrepreneurship challenges traditional EU institutions and promotes visionary activity to achieve the goals of Agenda 2030. Providing a unique contribution to the growing pool of research on entrepreneurial activity in the public sector, this book will prove to be a valuable resource for scholars working at the intersection between entrepreneurship, policy-making and European politics. It will also be beneficial for students and practitioners who are interested in global issues and sustainable development.

Entrepreneurship - a South African perspective is a guide to becoming a successful entrepreneur. It describes and illustrates new venture creation within a South African context: the start-up process, the growth stages and the challenges in the maturity phase of the business. It provides exercises, activities and numerous case studies based on the latest research in South Africa. In this edition of Entrepreneurship all data has been updated, and a new chapter on corporate entrepreneurship and current information about broad-based black economic empowerment (BBBEE) have been introduced. To provide a more practical context, profiles of typical entrepreneurs have been presented.

This Research Handbook on Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies provides a range of contextualized perspectives on entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Featuring contributions from leading experts, it explores the various social and institutional contexts that produce and affect entrepreneurship. This Research Handbook portrays the theories, processes and practices of entrepreneurship in emerging economies as being markedly different from those in developed, post-industrial economies, emphasizing how national context shapes incentives for entrepreneurial efforts. Exploring multiple theories of entrepreneurship, chapters dissect the opportunities - and barriers - emerging from various institutions and social practices from the Middle East, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. Comprehensive and incisive, this Research Handbook is an ideal guide for researchers and both undergraduate and postgraduate students working on emerging economies, particularly those with an interest in global entrepreneurship. It will also benefit policy-makers seeking to develop entrepreneurial activity in developing economies. Contributors include: M. Akoorie, A. Al Mulla, G. Anggadwita, N. Birdthistle, L.-P. Dana, B. Dye, K. Dye, A. Egbetokun, E. Elkaroui, B. Fang, H. Febriansyah, A. Flynn, A. Forouharfar, L. Galloway, J. Gibb, A. Gkikas, J.G. Hussain, A. Icha-Ituma, P.A. Igwe, O. Kolade, K.T.Z. Lwin, A. Mohsen, H. Mustafa, H. Nyugen, R. Palali , S. Pattinson, I. Peiris, T.S.H. Pham, D. Rae, V. Ramadani, L. Sarfaraz, J.M. Scott, M. Sherif, P. Sinha, M.N. Tunio, R. Wanjiru, C.W. Watson, H. Zarrouk

Entrepreneurship - a South African perspective provides an overview of entrepreneurship and important related topics in the field of entrepreneurship. In addition it is a guide to becoming a successful entrepreneur. It describes and illustrates new venture creation within a South African context: the start-up process, the growth stages and the challenges in the maturity phase of the business. It provides exercises, activities and numerous case studies based on the latest research in South Africa. In this third edition of Entrepreneurship all the chapters have been updated, and some chapters, including those on corporate entrepreneurship, e-business and the resource requirements of legal and related aspects, have been substantially revised. To provide a more practical context, profiles of typical entrepreneurs are also included. Contents include the following: Seeing, locating, measuring and opening the window of opportunity; Developing the business plan; Determining the resources required; Fair trade, competition and consumer protection; The role of national government in developing and enabling the small business environment; Controlling and planning for growth; Key issues of business success or failure; E-commerce opportunities; Corporate entrepreneurship in South Africa. Entrepreneurship is aimed at undergraduate students at all higher education institutions in South Africa, as well as managers, management consultants and trainees, developers and presenters of in-house business courses.

What do entrepreneurs do? In a comprehensive and detailed exploration using three perspectives - behavior, practice and process - this Research Handbook demonstrates specific methods for answering that question and provides insights into the implications of pursuing that question. The authors demonstrate a variety of methods including ethnography, autoethnography, participant observation, diaries, social media platforms and multilevel research techniques to delve into the foundations of entrepreneurial behavior. In addition to reinvigorating this long dormant area of scholarship, these chapters provide scholars with the idea that the disparate perspectives on this topic are really headed in the same direction. They also demonstrate the notion that similar tools can be utilized to answer the same type of questions emanating from these different perspectives. The contributors go on to offer insights to a wide range of scholarship on organizations. Entrepreneurship scholars, PhD students, and upper level graduate and undergraduate students who want a current overview on the theories, methods and implications of studying entrepreneurship will welcome the insights explored in this Research Handbook. Contributors include: A. Brattstroem, O. Byrne, A. Caetano, H.S. Chen, F. Delmar, D. Dimov, A. Fayolle, D. Fletcher, W.B. Gartner, B. Johannisson, A.R. Johnson, T. Karlsson, M. Lackeus, J.R. Mitchell, R.K. Mitchell, H. Neergaard, R.D.M. Pelly, K. Poldner, S.C. Santos, P. Selden, B.T. Teague, N.A. Thompson, C. Thrane, M. Tillmar, H. Vahidnia, E. van Burg, J.P. Warhuus, K. Wennberg

The Pulitzer Prize-wimming author of The Prize joins a leading expert on the global economy to present an incisive narrative of the risks and opportunities that are emerging as the balance of power shifts around the world between governments and markets -- and the battle over globalization comes front and center. The Commanding Heights is essential for understanding the struggle over the "new rules of the game" for the twenty-first century.

In The Multinational Enterprise, Mark Casson - an important thinker in international business for more than 40 years - provides a state-of-the art review of recent developments in the economic theory of the multinational enterprise. He shows how recent developments in theory shed new light on the historical emergence of multinational enterprises, and explains the different forms that multinationality has taken in different industries and different regions of the world. Mark Casson brings together his leading research on internalisation theory as a general theory of the multinational enterprise. He offers cutting-edge analysis across four distinct sections: marketing and brands, supply chain coordination, methodology and the theory of the firm, and risk management. The book also sets out an exciting new research agenda, which explores the future place of the multinational in the evolving 'knowledge economy' and in a politically uncertain world. This book will appeal to doctoral students and faculty in business schools in need of the latest theoretical developments and also those in economics departments that specialise in business and industrial economics.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are everywhere and the perception of their engagement in myriad activities ranges between extremely positive and extremely negative. Based on original comprehensive research, this groundbreaking book examines the impact of Chinese and European MNEs in the African context. Sharing knowledge and insights from the authors' empirical research, Multinationals, Local Capacity Building and Development uses Ghana as a case study to analyse trends in MNEs and assess the advantages and disadvantages of their involvement. The book examines the role of MNEs in Ghana's industrial sector, their management practices and the effects of skill transfer from foreign managers to local workers. The authors explore the impact MNEs are having on the development of local capabilities, the contribution of MNEs to sustainable development goals, and the benefits and drawbacks of foreign direct investment in Ghana. Previously unexamined roles of work and social networks, and the differences between European and Chinese MNEs, are exposed, all subjects previously unaddressed in the field. The insights presented in this book will be of significant interest to policy makers, both public and private sector development practitioners, and students of development, as well as any readers concerned with addressing better engagement with key economic actors on the African continent.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This important Advanced Introduction considers the multiple ways in which law and entrepreneurship intertwine. Shubha Ghosh expertly explores key areas defining the field, including lawyering, innovation policy, intellectual property and economics and finance, to enhance both legal and pedagogical concepts. Key features include: a survey of critical scholarly articles in the field of law and entrepreneurship analysis of challenges to legal professions in the new technological environment traces the roots of law and entrepreneurship to scholarly study of intellectual property. This Advanced Introduction will be a useful resource for scholars and instructors in law and business schools who teach courses on innovation and entrepreneurship. Students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels will also appreciate the insights provided into the basic concepts, methods and future research directions.

Providing cutting-edge material from a range of perspectives on entrepreneurial internationalization, this insightful book develops contemporary business concepts and business models to engage with a rapidly changing and diversifying world economy. Chapters build a conceptual and theoretical illustration of the field, providing key frameworks for the analysis of entrepreneurial internationalization, including insights into strategy and organization, as well as fundraising strategies for early internationalizing startups. Top international scholars in the field apply these frameworks to specific real-world business environments, such as born globals, born digital enterprises and multinational corporations in emerging markets. The book concludes with analysis of international entrepreneurship across both traditional and digital contexts, highlighting the emerging implications for international entrepreneurship research of digitization and the Covid-19 pandemic. Bringing together a multitude of critical evaluations, this book is crucial reading for scholars and researchers of SME internationalization and born globals, as well as higher level students of international entrepreneurship. It will also benefit practitioners and policymakers hoping to engage with new digital developments in the world economy.

This insightful and comprehensive Research Handbook explores the concept of start-up incubation ecosystems and investigates the various factors that interact to provide a nurturing environment suitable for the creation and successful development of start-ups. Chapters employ a range of approaches for the study of incubation ecosystems, including literature reviews, theoretical studies, and empirical research featuring both quantitative and qualitative methods. An international team of authors analyze data from a diverse range of countries to cover topics including: multi-level approaches to incubation ecosystems; start-up support mechanisms such as incubators, accelerators and co-working spaces; and the role of organizations involved in incubation ecosystems such as universities, government agencies and multinational companies. The Handbook thus illustrates the critical part played by the early development of start-ups within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Scholars and doctoral students working in entrepreneurship and innovation will find this Handbook invaluable to their understanding of start-up incubation ecosystems and in illuminating future research agendas. It will also prove useful to practitioners and policymakers working with start-ups and organizations that support them. Contributors include: B.W. Amo, C. Bellavitis, P. Benneworth, P.M. Bican, A. Billstroem, J.J. Bragelien, M. Breivik-Meyer, A. Brem, E. Carlsson, T.H. Clausen, C.M. DaSilva, M. Good, J. Grande, M. Gulbrandsen, J.O. Hansen, R.R. Hermann, E.J. Isaksen, A. Jensen, A.R. Johnson, E.J.B. Jorgensen, K. Kassel, M. Knockaert, L. Kolvereid, M. Landoni, K. Lesniak, A. Mariussen, K.E. Masyn, A. McKelvie, K. Messeghem, S. Mitchell, D. Modic, N. Nguyen, G. Nonet, N. Nordling, A. Novotny, A. O'Connor, I.B. Pettersen, R. Pugh, E. Rasmussen, T. Ratinho, S. Saarenketo, S.R. Sardeshmukh, M. Sargent, R.M. Smith, R. Sorheim, O. Straub, C. Theodoraki, E. Thomas, L. Torkkeli, E. van der Lingen, H. Velt, K.H. Voldsund, J. Wiklund, T. Yoshioka-Kobayashi

Far too many people, when motivated to start a new business, plunge in without appreciating or understanding the ramifications of doing so. These pages highlight many of these ramifications, not to put anyone off, but to help them avoid some of the pitfalls that so often stand in the way of success. The characteristic of entrepreneurship that lurks in the breast of so many of our citizens means that at the grass roots there are many opportunities for the enterprising. In a population of sixty million, and rising, there is room for every kind of new business. The core problems that face any new business are the need to apply Professional Selling Skills and to rely on their own resources financially at the start. The former requires skilful, dedicated and enthusiastic application. The latter comes from redundancy money or other savings and support - NOT mortgaging one's home, and NOT borrowing from the Bank. A small number of new businesses require little Capital and can be run as a one man band. Most however, are best started in co-operation with one or two others who can contribute to the finances and share the work involved. For those who have the potential, but have been fearful of contemplating striking out on their own, it is hoped this work will encourage and inform them, and open the door to a long term and bright future.

This important book considers the ways in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can thrive in the age of big data. To address this central issue from multiple viewpoints, the editors introduce a collection of experiences, insights, and guidelines from a variety of expert researchers, each of whom provides a piece to solve this puzzle. Contributions address the limitations faced by SMEs in their access to data and demonstrate that the key to overcoming this issue is to be aware of these limitations, to work within them, and to use them to think creatively about how to overcome obstacles in new ways. They discuss Artificial Intelligence, revenue blueprinting, GDPR compliance, and other key topics related to the relationships between SMEs and data. Offering ideas to inspire big data-driven success by SMEs making smaller investments, the book argues that there must be a place for "ordinary" data-driven journeys that are available to firms of any size. Stimulating further thought and action, Big Data in Small Business will be of great interest to academics, researchers, and practitioners in areas such as strategic management, organizational and innovation studies, marketing, and sales. The ideas and information in this book will help fill knowledge gaps related to important aspects of capabilities, functions, and transformations of big data that drive business growth.

This insightful book introduces a range of innovative strategies for collecting contemporary textual documentary evidence. Featuring insightful vignettes, it comprises a critical guide to the various challenges of collecting documents to realize each of those strategies. Bill Lee explains how the epistemological and ontological assumptions of the researcher may influence their choice of a research strategy for surveys, comparative case studies, critical narratives and constitutive discourses when collecting documents. The book offers examples of published studies in the different branches of management and considers the strengths and weaknesses of grounding research studies in the collection of documentary evidence. Providing step-by-step guidance for the operationalization of a chosen research strategy for collecting documents, it also builds a crucial list of different repositories of documents that might be employed in research. This cutting-edge book presents useful guidance and illuminating insights for business and management students of all levels hoping to improve their use of documents in dissertations and research projects. It will also be useful for researchers utilizing documentary evidence for the first time.

The third edition of this creative and successful textbook provides a broad overview of entrepreneurship from a theoretical and practical perspective. Engaging for undergraduates, it embeds theories of entrepreneurship with tensions and dilemmas, presented as paradoxes for each chapter. It offers insights into the entrepreneurial process and challenges readers to assess the paradoxes and pitfalls encountered on an entrepreneurial journey. Key benefits include: Opportunities for student involvement through theory, paradoxes, actions, and exercises Real-life international case stories by high profile entrepreneurship scholars, such as William B. Gartner, Saras Sarasvathy, Alain Fayolle, Benson Honig Latest thinking on phenomena such as sustainability, nascent entrepreneurship, design thinking, the circular economy and technology entrepreneurship. All undergraduate students with or without prior entrepreneurship education can enjoy the many benefits, puzzles, and insights the book has to offer. It is ideal for undergraduate students on introductory courses in entrepreneurship, as well as more advanced students interested in entrepreneurial opportunities and processes.

What role can the university play in the broader community or society in which it is embedded? Must it remain segregated in the halls of science and knowledge, which tower above the community? This book examines the growing number of questions and concerns around university-community relations by exploring widely accepted theories and practices and placing them under new light. From a shared point of agreement that the university is an institution which should move beyond the production of higher knowledge for power elites, the contributors provide critical reflections and reports on efforts to bring about change in the canonic discourse or power-biased attitudes in universities throughout the Northern Hemisphere and Australia. The central message is that the strengthening of direct relations between universities and communities is vital to the construction of social capital and to the opening of universities to society. These are processes to be advanced on both local and international levels, as they involve democratizing rather than corporatizing, extending the reach of our educational process, sharing knowledge, resources, and expertise and reinforcing community decision-making and problem-solving capacity. How these processes of change develop and unfold within a number of universities in a wide range of countries is the story told in this book. This book will appeal to a wide readership, from students and community activists looking to make education meaningful and cooperative, to educational policy makers, members of the professoriate, and academic administrators, seeking to sustain withering institutions and provide vision for new program developments. Contributors include: M.A. Almiron, N. Bibu, J. Blanco Lopez, R. Buber, D. Campbell, M.J. Casa-Nova, G. Csepeli, A. de Pree, A. Feinsod, G. Franger, N. Georgeou, B. Haas, Z. Haberman, G. Hegyesi, S. Herran, E. Ivanova, A. Koever, M. Lisetchi, R.A. Lohmann, S. Mackerle-Bixa, M. Meyer, J.P. Murray, D. Pendleton, D. Perry, P. Rameder, M. Rawsthorne, B. Sporn, K. Talyigas, C. Winkle

This is an ambitious and engaging book. It lays the foundations for a methodology that bridges entrepreneurship researchers?' need to provide explanations and practitioners?' need to make their local world comprehensible --? by calling the researcher to also practise as an entrepreneur. Disclosing Entrepreneurship as Practice outlines and demonstrates this '?enactive?' approach and its outcomes in terms of a proposed practice theory of entrepreneurship. Presenting entrepreneurship as a sense-making, stabilising force in a liquid and ambiguous world, accordingly addressed as ?'entrepreneuring?', Bengt Johannisson argues that the duality of shrewdness and prudence provides the appropriate knowledge needed to practice entrepreneurship. By generalising entrepreneurship as creative organizing in multiple arenas beyond just the market, and conceptualising entrepreneurship as practice, this book presents a compelling rationale for considering entrepreneuring as ?'routinized improvisation?' dealing with situations as they arise. Reflective and thoughtful, this book will be of interest to researchers in the field of entrepreneurship concerned with theoretical and methodological matters, as well as those engaged with qualitative methodology in the social sciences.

The Profits and Perils of Passion in Entrepreneurship provides an overview of current knowledge and highlights opportunities ripe for additional investigation. This state-of-the-art book also delivers essential guidelines for scholars on how to study entrepreneurial passion in a rigorous way. Melissa S. Cardon and Charles Y. Murnieks provide a critical review of the knowledge accumulated to date about passion in entrepreneurship, discussing developments and debates about conceptual definitions, levels and focus of analysis, and methodological approaches. This includes the integration of different theories with an explanation of their commonalities and key distinctions. Examining the outcomes and antecedents of passion, chapters present theoretical arguments and empirical findings and explore future research questions for the topic. Scholars and students of entrepreneurship will find this book to be a comprehensive overview of the topic. Providing an accessible understanding of academic research, this book will also be a useful resource for practicing entrepreneurs and those who seek to support them.