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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Physiological & neuro-psychology
This special issue represents the initial products of the first five years of a multi-center project entitled "Origins of Communicative Disorders." As the title implies, the common goal of investigators involved in this project was to describe the development of communicative skills from their earliest measurable points so that factors characterizing the earliest stages of communicative disorders can be teased apart from those which lead to development of typical language ability in later childhood. The papers in this volume provide a comprehensive picture of early language development and its neural correlates across a range of typical and atypical populations. By looking at language abilities from their point of origin--from the very first signs of word comprehension to the emergence of grammar--the authors construct a foundation for future research on the nature and etiology of communication disorders.
Dyslexia, a language communication disability, remains a little-understood and controversial disease among specialists, educators, and parents. This cuts through the controversies within the academic and medical communities to provide a commonsense approach to defining and diagnosing dyslexia.
Historically, relatively few investigations in neuropsychology have been sensitive to the analysis of cultural variables. This handbook will assist the neuropsychologist interested in cultural competence and help increase understanding of the link between cultural competence in assessment and intervention and good treatment outcomes. The handbook authors provide an in-depth discussion of the current status of multicultural training in neuropsychology; specific information on diverse groups (age, gender, ethnicity, etc.), assessment instruments, and clinical populations (HIV infected, seizure disorders, brain injuries); and unique analysis of immigration patterns, forensics, and psychopharmacology. This volume is the first to summarize the cultural data available in neuropsychology. A valuable resource for clinical neuropsychologists, school psychologists and rehabilitation professionals.
Every country unconsciously creates the psychoanalysis it needs, says Edith Kurzweil. Freudians everywhere, even the most orthodox, are influenced by national traditions, interests, beliefs, and institutions. In this original and stimulating book, Kurzweil traces the ways in which psychoanalysis has evolved in Austria, England, France, Germany, and the United States. The author explains how psychoanalysis took root in each country, outlines the history of various psychoanalytic institutes, and describes how Freudian doctrine has been transmuted by aesthetic values, behavioral mores, and political traditions of different cultures. The Germans, for example, took Austrian humanism and made it "scientific." The British developed object relations. French psychoanalysts emphasized linguistics and structuralism and developed an abiding fascination with text, language, subtext, and plot structures. In her new introduction, Kurzweil reexamines her argument that countries develop their own psychoanalysis according to their needs. She describes evidence supporting her theories and why they continue to hold true today. She also discusses what led her to write this book initially. The Freudians is a major work in confirming the importance of psychoanalytic thought across national and cultural boundaries.
We perceive color everywhere and on everything that we encounter in daily life. Color science has progressed to the point where a great deal is known about the mechanics, evolution, and development of color vision, but less is known about the relation between color vision and psychology. However, color psychology is now a burgeoning, exciting area and this Handbook provides comprehensive coverage of emerging theory and research. Top scholars in the field provide rigorous overviews of work on color categorization, color symbolism and association, color preference, reciprocal relations between color perception and psychological functioning, and variations and deficiencies in color perception. The Handbook of Color Psychology seeks to facilitate cross-fertilization among researchers, both within and across disciplines and areas of research, and is an essential resource for anyone interested in color psychology in both theoretical and applied areas of study.
In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major practical theoretical contributions. This influential volume of papers, chosen by Professor Annette Karmiloff-Smith before she passed away, recognises her major contribution to the field of developmental psychology. Published over a 40-year period, the papers included here address the major themes that permeate through Annette's work: from typical to atypical development, genetics and computation modelling approaches, and neuroimaging of the developing brain. A newly written introduction by Michael S. C. Thomas and Mark H. Johnson gives an overview of her research journey and contextualises her selection of papers in relation to changes in the field over time. Thinking Developmentally from Constructivism to Neuroconstructivism: Selected Works of Annette Karmiloff-Smith is of great interest to researchers and postgraduates in child development specialising in atypical development, developmental disorders, and developmental neuroscience. It also has appeal to clinical neuropsychologists and rehabilitation professionals.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) remains one of the most effective forms of neurostimulation for severe mental illness. Sound scientific research underpins contemporary practice challenging the complex history and stigma that surround this treatment. The Electroconvulsive Therapy Workbook integrates the history of ECT with major advances in practice, including ultrabrief ECT, in a hands-on workbook format. Novel forms of neurostimulation are reviewed, highlighting the future directions of practice in this exciting area. The book is also richly illustrated with historical and technical images and includes 'clinical wisdom' sections that provide the reader with clinical insights into ECT practice. Online eResources are also available, featuring a wide range of questions and answers related to each chapter to help test and consolidate readers' understanding of ECT, as well as regionally specific legislation governing ECT practice in Australia and New Zealand. This comprehensive introduction to ECT is a must-read for doctors in training, psychiatrists who require credentialing in this procedure, anaesthetists, nursing staff who work in ECT and other professionals who have an interest in ECT as well as consumer and carer networks.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) remains one of the most effective forms of neurostimulation for severe mental illness. Sound scientific research underpins contemporary practice challenging the complex history and stigma that surround this treatment. The Electroconvulsive Therapy Workbook integrates the history of ECT with major advances in practice, including ultrabrief ECT, in a hands-on workbook format. Novel forms of neurostimulation are reviewed, highlighting the future directions of practice in this exciting area. The book is also richly illustrated with historical and technical images and includes 'clinical wisdom' sections that provide the reader with clinical insights into ECT practice. Online eResources are also available, featuring a wide range of questions and answers related to each chapter to help test and consolidate readers' understanding of ECT, as well as regionally specific legislation governing ECT practice in Australia and New Zealand. This comprehensive introduction to ECT is a must-read for doctors in training, psychiatrists who require credentialing in this procedure, anaesthetists, nursing staff who work in ECT and other professionals who have an interest in ECT as well as consumer and carer networks.
The case study of John has provided a unique insight into the nature of visual agnosia and more broadly into the underlying processes which support human vision. After suffering a stroke, John had problems in recognizing common objects, faces, seeing colours, reading and finding his way around his environment. A Reader in Visual Agnosia brings together the primary scientific papers describing the detailed investigations for each visual problem which the authors carried out with John, known as patient HJA. This work was summarised initially in To See But Not To See (1987), and 26 years later in A Case Study in Visual Agnosia Revisited (2013). The chapters are divided into 6 parts corresponding to the key areas of investigation: Integrative visual agnosia Perception of global form Face perception Colour perception Word recognition Changes over time Each part contains a short introduction, written by the two leading researchers who worked with John, which highlights the relations between the papers and demonstrates the pathway of the case analysis. The book will be invaluable to students and researchers in visual cognition, cognitive neuropsychology and vision neuroscience.
Emotions, behaviors, thoughts, creations, planning, daily physical
activities, and routines are programmed within our brains. To
acquire these capacities, the brain takes time to fully develop--a
process that may take the first 20 years of life. Disruptions of
the brain involving neurons, axons, dendrites, synapses,
neurotransmitters or brain infrastructure produce profound changes
in development and functions of the one organ that makes us unique.
To understand the functions and development of the brain is
difficult enough, but to reverse the consequences of trauma and
repair the damage is even more challenging. To meet this challenge
and increase understanding, a host of disciplines working and
communicating together are required.
Emotions, behaviors, thoughts, creations, planning, daily physical
activities, and routines are programmed within our brains. To
acquire these capacities, the brain takes time to fully develop--a
process that may take the first 20 years of life. Disruptions of
the brain involving neurons, axons, dendrites, synapses,
neurotransmitters or brain infrastructure produce profound changes
in development and functions of the one organ that makes us unique.
To understand the functions and development of the brain is
difficult enough, but to reverse the consequences of trauma and
repair the damage is even more challenging. To meet this challenge
and increase understanding, a host of disciplines working and
communicating together are required.
An increase in research into all facets of learning difficulties has resulted in a deeper understanding of the problems. This book includes a description and explanation of reading, spelling and learning difficulties; provides chapters on psychological and neuropsychological assessment; explains the associations between behavioural problems and learning difficulties; and critically reviews remedial approaches, incorporating a summary of what is known about their efficacy. The importance of dealing with attendant behavioural problems and the significance of phonological knowledge in literacy learning are central themes.; Intended to be a succinct and accessible synthesis of current knowledge in this area, this book should be of interest to professionals who encounter children with learning difficulties, tertiary students and parents.
Conceived at a time when biological research on aggression and
violence was drawn into controversy because of sociopolitical
questions about its study, this volume provides an up-to-date
account of recent biological studies performed -- mostly on humans.
A group of scientists recognized the importance of freedom of
inquiry and deemed it vital to address the most promising
biological research in the field. The focus on biological
mechanisms is not meant to imply that biological variables are
paramount as a determinant of violence. Rather, biological
variables operate in conjunction with other variables contributing
to aggression or violence, and a complete understanding of this
phenomenon requires consideration of all influences bearing on it.
Signal detection theory--as developed in electrical engineering and
based on statistical decision theory--was first applied to human
sensory discrimination 40 years ago. The theoretical intent was to
provide a valid model of the discrimination process; the
methodological intent was to provide reliable measures of
discrimination acuity in specific sensory tasks. An analytic method
of detection theory, called the relative operating characteristic
(ROC), can isolate the effect of the placement of the decision
criterion, which may be variable and idiosyncratic, so that a pure
measure of intrinsic discrimination acuity is obtained. For the
past 20 years, ROC analysis has also been used to measure the
discrimination acuity or inherent accuracy of a broad range of
practical diagnostic systems. It was widely adopted by
methodologists in the field of information retrieval, is
increasingly used in weather forecasting, and is the generally
preferred method in clinical medicine, primarily in radiology. This
book attends to both themes, ROC analysis in the psychology
laboratory and in practical diagnostic settings, and to their
essential unity.
Alcohol abuse is a major health problem in most parts of the world. This book focuses on the way in which alcohol affects the brain, with the aim of describing advances in the neuropsychology of alcoholism in a way that makes this work accessible to clinicians from a variety of backgrounds who treat people with alcohol-related problems.; The book is divided into four parts. Part One provides an introduction to the medical and neurological conditions that can result from alcoholism, and to the process of neuropsychological assessment. The problems involved in conducting research in this area are also considered. In Part Two, research that focuses directly on changes to the nervous system is surveyed. This includes studies of both the short-term and the chronic neurological changes in the brain caused by alcohol. In Part Three, studies of the neuropsychological effects of acute intoxication, social drinking and alcohol abuse are described. Finally, in Part Four, the implications of neuropsychological research for the assessment and management of patients with alcohol problems are considered.; The objective of this book is to collate the range of research work that is relevant to understanding how alcohol affects the brain. This includes both the acute and the chronic effects, at both the biological and physiological levels.
This is a very unusual book. It brings to the English speaking
reader a masterpiece written some 50 years ago by one of the
greatest minds of the 20th century--Nicholai Aleksandrovich
Bernstein--considered the founder of many contemporary fields of
science such as biomechanics, motor control, and physiology of
activity. Divided into two parts, this volume's first section is a
translation of the Russian book "On Dexterity and Its Development."
It presents, in a very reader-friendly style, Bernstein's major
ideas related to the development and control of voluntary movements
in general, and to the notion of dexterity, in particular. Although
very few scientific works remain interesting to the reader 50 years
after they were written, this volume--now available for the first
time in English--is a rare exception to this rule. His ideas are
certainly not obsolete. Actually, we are just starting to grasp the
depth and breadth of his thinking, especially his analysis of the
complex notion of dexterity. The second section provides both a
historical and a contemporary perspective on Bernstein's ideas.
Devoted exclusively to prospective memory, this volume organizes
the research and thoughts of the important contributors to the
field in one comprehensive resource. The chapter authors not only
focus on their own work, but also review other research areas and
address those where the methods and theories from the retrospective
memory literature are useful and where they fall short. Each
section is followed by at least one commentary written by a
prominent scholar in the field of memory. The commentators present
critical analyses of the chapters, note ideas that they found
particularly exciting, and use these ideas as a foundation on which
to elaborate their own views of prospective memory.
This little book is not a text-book of psychology. It is exclusively concerned with one particular psychological problem, a problem, however, that stands at the very centre of psychology. The relations between mind and body are analysed; that is to say, the following three psychedelic problems are successively raised: What is the mind? What is the body? What are the relations between mind and body? But it is only the third problem which is extensively dealt with; the first two are only briefly defined.
First published in 1993. This book is intended for managers and occupational psychologists involved in the selection and assessment of the workforce. It details the history and development of the use of biographical data for both recruitment and promotion of employees. Grounded in relevant research literature, it offers a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of biodata in different contexts. It also includes examples of applications and recommendations for use, as well as examples of questionnaires. Written by experts, it represents a wide-ranging review of the contemporary research in the field. This work will be of interest to students of business and psychology. |
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