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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Physiological & neuro-psychology
These selections from Theodor Reik's work concern the love life and sexual activity of men and women. Reik establishes the theme of this work in the following way: "The sex urge hunts for lustful pleasure; love is in search of joy and happiness." Over a third of this volume had never been published in book form before it originally appeared half a century ago. Its appearance in paperback, for the first time, is a welcome addition to current debates, liberated from ideological and political constraints. The first part of the book is so far ahead of its time that it is still current. It reveals Reik's departure from Freud's theories and from those of most of his contemporaries in psychology and psychoanalysis. Part Two is a greatly abbreviated version of Masochism in Modern Man, retaining those parts with a direct bearing on the subject of this volume. Part Three offers two essays on why people remain single. In the author's usual direct style, they deal with the marriage shyness of the male and the psychological fears and resistance of both men and women to acceptance of the marriage bond. Part Four is Reik at his wisest. "The first lady whom I asked to read the manuscript said smilingly: 'Many of your impressions about us (women) are correct. No man should read the book ' A few seconds later, she said: 'Or rather, every man should read the book '" As Paul Roazen noted, "in contrast to some of Freud's other followers, Reik was prescient early on in distinguishing self-love from narcissism. Reik believed that genuine self-regard was the ultimate basis for developing the capacity to love." At times Reik seems to defend women, at times to critique them. Yet he writes with sympathy and understanding. He challenges other authorities who have written on the subject, but he also agrees with many of them. Love and Lust is civilized writing at its most provocative. Reik is authoritative, and his book reflects the glow of a rich personality. It is mellow, but uncompromising.
"Cognitive Neuroscience: A Reader" provides the first definitive collection of readings in this burgeoning area of study. Michael S. Gazzaniga has brought together papers ranging from the earliest articles discussing brain plasticity through to papers recently published in the area of executive functioning. The "Reader" is divided into distinct sections such as the History of Cognitive Neuroscience, Methods, Language and Unconscious Processing. Each of these sections contain four or five representative articles by eminent researchers that illustrate important methodological, empirical and theoretical issues. The sections are both introduced and contextualized by the author, and a selection of further reading is also provided. "Cognitive Neuroscience: A Reader" will give professors not only a comprehensive reference volume for their own use, but also an ideal text to recommend to students.
Cognitive neuropsychological research studies of people with cognitive deficits have typically been directed either at investigating methods of intervention, or at furthering our understanding of normal and impaired cognition. This book reports on research that combines these goals, using studies that use intervention as a 'tool' for investigating hypotheses about the functioning of the human cognitive system. The introductory chapter discusses some of the unique and more general difficulties that this approach faces, while the five reports describe intervention studies with children and adults with cognitive impairments - studies which investigate current theories of cognition. The studies demonstrate that the use of intervention to study cognition is a promising and valuable methodology. Aiming to promote wider use of these combined methods, this book makes it clear that while the approach faces various methodological and interpretative challenges, it has the advantage of providing advances on issues of theory while, at the same time providing treatment to participants, and bringing together what have been largely separate research traditions. This book was originally published as a special issue of Cognitive Neuropsychology.
Psychologists are under increasing pressure to demonstrate the
ecological validity of their assessment procedures--to show that
the recommendations concluding their evaluations are relevant to
urgent concerns in the legal and social policy arenas, such as
predicting dangerousness, awarding compensation, and choosing a
custodial parent. How much damage does a referred patient have? Who
or what "caused" the damage? What impact will it have on his or her
future life, work, and family? And what can be done to remediate
the damage?
Neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran is internationally renowned for uncovering answers to the deep and quirky questions of human nature that few scientists have dared to address. His bold insights about the brain are matched only by the stunning simplicity of his experiments -- using such low-tech tools as cotton swabs, glasses of water and dime-store mirrors. In Phantoms in the Brain, Dr. Ramachandran recounts how his work with patients who have bizarre neurological disorders has shed new light on the deep architecture of the brain, and what these findings tell us about who we are, how we construct our body image, why we laugh or become depressed, why we may believe in God, how we make decisions, deceive ourselves and dream, perhaps even why we're so clever at philosophy, music and art. Some of his most notable cases:
Dr. Ramachandran's inspired medical detective work pushes the boundaries of medicine's last great frontier -- the human mind -- yielding new and provocative insights into the "big questions" about consciousness and the self.
Cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman's exploration of the extraordinary creative genius of the mind's eye "has many virtues, of which sheer intellectual excitement is the foremost" (Nature). Hoffman explains that far from being a passive recorder of a preexisting world, the eye actively constructs every aspect of our visual experience. In an informal style replete with illustrations, Hoffman presents the compelling scientific evidence for vision's constructive powers, unveiling a grammar of vision - a set of rules that govern our perception of line, color, form, depth, and motion. Hoffman also describes the loss of these constructive powers in patients such as an artist who can no longer see or dream in color and a man who sees his father as an impostor. Finally, Hoffman explores the spinoffs of visual intelligence in the arts and technology, from film special effects to virtual reality. This is, in sum, "an outstanding example of creative popular science" (Publishers Weekly).
The field of drug addiction and substance abuse, which was initially confined to behavioral studies, has broadened dramatically. It now includes a vast array of cellular and molecular approaches as well as sophisticated electrophysiological and neurochemical methodologies that bridge the gap between cellular/molecular events and behavior. In many cases, these techniques are used to clarify and characterize specific dimensions of the addictive process or actions of potential abuse.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of how fractal analytics can lead to the extraction of interesting features from the complex electroencephalograph (EEG) signals generated by Hindustani classical music. It particularly focuses on how the brain responses to the emotional attributes of Hindustani classical music that have been long been a source of discussion for musicologists and psychologists. Using robust scientific techniques that are capable of looking into the most intricate dynamics of the complex EEG signals, it deciphers the human brain's response to different ragas of Hindustani classical music, shedding new light on what happens inside the performer's brain when they are mentally composing the imagery of a particular raga. It also explores the much- debated issue in the musical fraternity of whether there are any universal cues in music that make it identifiable for people throughout the world, and if so, what are the neural correlates associated with the universal cues? This book is of interest to researchers and scholars of music and the brain, nonlinear science, music cognition, music signal processing and music information retrieval. In addition, researchers in the field of nonlinear biomedical signal processing and music signal analysis benefit from this book.
In neuropsychological research on normal development relatively little interest has been devoted to age-related changes in school age. This is surprising in the light of the significance of the changes that take place in this period of life; the availability of normative data; and the ongoing research on neural development. The studies included in this issue take a closer look at normative data from school-age children of various ages in performances of attention, language, sensorimotor and perceptual functions, memory and learning, and functional asymmetries. It is hoped that this special issue will draw attention to the scarcity of data in this realm and to the possibilities of utilizing existing databases for study on normal development in school age.
Plomp's "Aspects of Tone Sensation"--published 25 years ago--dealt
with the psychophysics of simple and complex tones. Since that
time, auditory perception as a field of study has undergone a
radical metamorphosis. Technical and methodological innovations, as
well as a considerable increase in attention to the various aspects
of auditory experience, have changed the picture profoundly. This
book is an attempt to account for this development by giving a
comprehensive survey of the present state of the art as a whole.
Perceptual aspects of hearing, particularly of understanding speech
as the main auditory input signal, are thoroughly reviewed.
The goal of this book is to persuade students of animal learning
that cognitive theorizing is essential for an understanding of the
phenomena revealed by conditioning experiments. The authors also
hope to persuade the cognitive psychology community that
conditioning phenomena offer such a strong empirical foundation for
a rigorous brand of cognitive psychology that the study of animal
learning should reclaim a more central place in the field of
psychology.
This unique compilation of chapters reviews a broad range of topics at the cutting edge of hearing research. The authors include many of the top auditory scientists in the world as well as some of the brightest rising stars. Although the book obviously focuses on the exciting, revolutionary work being done with mice, the authors have made a strong effort to provide general background information and present the insights gained from the study of mice in the greater context of auditory research. Each section includes specific procedures, potential problems and their solutions, and tricks of the trade gleaned from the authors. The book contains numerous figures and tables, more than 2,000 references, and much data not previously published. Handbook of Mouse Auditory Research: From Behavior to Molecular Biology provides state-of-the-art research with a clear look at what the future holds.
The model system of eyeblink classical conditioning in humans has enormous potential for the understanding and application of fundamental principles of learning. This collection makes classical conditioning accessible to teachers and researchers in a number of ways. The first aim is to present the latest developments in theory building. Second, as background for the current directions, Eyeblink Classical Conditioning, Volume I presents an overview of a large body of previously published research on eyeblink classical conditioning. Last, the authors describe eyeblink classical conditioning techniques. Each chapter includes a highlighted methods section so that interested readers can replicate techniques for teaching and research.
This interdisciplinary study brings together many contemporary discourses about shame within a new critical perspective. It will be an invaluable, stimulating resource for all those who are concerned with understanding shame and assisting those whose lives are lived in the shadow of it. Psychologists, philosophers and therapists will find this a fascinating source of new insight into the theory and phenomenology of shame. It will be of particular interest to those who are interested in relationships between religion and mental health, to pastoral workers, and to religious thinkers and theorists.
Developmental changes in cognitive abilities in childhood have long
been of interest to researchers across many fields, including
behavioral sciences, communications, education, and medicine. With
the publication of research findings showing individual differences
in the development of children's learning skills has come the
realization that models, methodologies, and analysis approaches
that include consideration of individual differences are needed. It
has brought an increase in research collaborations among experts in
different fields who bring different approaches together in studies
of cognitive abilities. This work has yielded a growing body of
knowledge about how children with normal abilities and those with
developmental disorders learn, gain skills in social competency,
develop decision making and planning abilities, and acquire
language skills and the skills needed for reading and writing. More
recently, researchers have sought to use this body of knowledge as
a basis for the early identification of children at risk for
cognitive delays and for the development and evaluation of
intervention approaches. The chapters in this book review
literature in five areas of cognition, and provide theory- and
research-based information on the applications of research findings
and intervention approaches. Throughout the chapters, information
on the interactions of different cognitive abilities and the role
of individual differences in development that influences
development assessments is included.
This little book is not a text-book of psychology. It is exclusively concerned with one particular psychological problem, a problem, however, that stands at the very centre of psychology. The relations between mind and body are analysed; that is to say, the following three psychedelic problems are successively raised: What is the mind? What is the body? What are the relations between mind and body? But it is only the third problem which is extensively dealt with; the first two are only briefly defined.
This book describes how neural circuitry develops epigenetically, in a manner that directly reflects early environmental influences. It provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field, and discusses the structure and function of memory.
Originally published in 1987 Rates of Evolution is an edited collection drawn from a symposium convened to bring together palaeontologists, geneticists, molecular biologists and developmental biologists to examine some aspects of the problem of evolutionary rates. The book asks questions surrounding the study of evolution, such as did large morphological changes really occur rapidly at various times in the geological past, or is the fossil record too imperfect to be of value in assessing rates of morphological change? What is the measure of 'rapid' change? Is stasis at any taxonomic level established? Is it possible to relate genomic and morphological change? What is the role of regulatory and executive genes in controlling evolutionary change? Does the transfer of genetic material between different taxa provide the possibility of increasing evolutionary rates? Featuring contributions from leading researchers, this book will interest anthropologists, palaeontology and scientists of evolution and genetics.
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